大学英语四级翻译

大学英语四级翻译

一、题型介绍

翻译题所占的分值是5%, 答题时间五分钟，有五个句子组成，每句话都由一部分汉语及一部分英语组成，翻译汉语部分，与所给英语部分构成一个完整的句子。

二、翻译注意事项

1、汉语意合，英语形合，英语对形式的要求很严格

2、看全整句，分清句子层次及结构，切忌孤立地翻译汉语部分

3、抓住谓语，时刻牢记谓语要由动词（及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）的适当组合形式构成，确定时态语态

4、注意主谓一致名词单复数问题

5、书写规范如句首单词专有名词首字母大写

三、题型揭秘

1、语法结构（虚拟8次，倒装，从句，非谓语动词）

2、固定搭配

3、词汇考察（核心动词和动词短语考查、名词，形容词，副词等）

四、解题技巧

1、了解题中采分点，考点做到有的放矢

2、强化重点语法知识

3、深度分析已考试题，挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。

4、遇到不会的表达要进行同义反义词及词组转换

1.because (conj.) because of +名词或代词

e.g. He had to retire because of ill health.

due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ because of

due to/owing to略显正式，并经常用于正式的通告或公开的声明

e.g. All flights have been delayed due to/owing to thick fog.

be due to sth ( due to can be used after be, but owing to cannot be used in such way)

e.g. The accident was largely due to human error

because of (usu used in spoken English)

thanks to is not formal and is used especially to explain why or how sth good has happened

e.g. 07.12 87. Thanks to a series of new inventions，doctors can treat this disease successfully.

2.have difficulty (in) doing sth /have trouble doing sth

e.g. I never have any trouble getting to sleep.

be in difficulty/trouble 有困难有麻烦

The business is in financial difficulty.

get/run into difficulty/trouble 陷入困境

The company ran into trouble when it tried to expand too quickly.

3.倒装结构

（肯）so+be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语表示某人或某物的情况也是如此

Mary likes to play the piano. So does Jane.

He has lost the address. So have I.

(否) neither/nor+be动词、助动词、情态动词+主语表示某人或某物的情况也不这样

I have never been to Beijing. Neither/ nor has my brother.

I have no excuse for being late. Nor does he.

若前句中既出现了be动词又出现了行为动词或者其它不同形式通常用

So it is with… It’s the same with…

Mary like playing the piano, but she can’t play it well. So it is with her brother. It is the same with her brother.

so+主语+ be动词、助动词、情态动词某人、物确实如此

Mary went to the park yesterday

So she did. 她确实去了。

倒装句

全部倒装、部分倒装

1)全部倒装此结构一般只用于一般现在时与一般过去时

①here/there/now/ then/thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常是be/come/go/lie/run

There goes the bell. 铃响了

Here comes the bus.公车来了

Here is your letter.给你的信

上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，若是代词，则不倒装。

There you are. 给你或就是这样Here he comes.

②当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。

In this chapter will be found an answer.

Along the river banks stood stacks of hay. 沿着河岸是一座座的草垛。

2) 部分倒装将一部分谓语如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。若没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助词do/ does/ did等

①句首为否定或半否定的词语如no/ not/ never/ seldom/ little/hardly/ at no time/ in no way/ not until…等

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to the question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当not until引出主从复合句时，主语倒装，从句不倒装。

The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep。

②not only…but also…

Hardly/scarcely…when…一…就…刚…就

No sooner…than… 一…就…刚…就

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner she gone out when a student came to visit her.

只有当not only…but also…引导两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only…but also…仅连接两个并列词，不用倒装

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

③句首状语若由only+副词、介词词组、状语分句构成也可引起部分倒装

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch is missing.

Only in this way you learn English well.

Only whe n he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.

主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装

④省略了if 的虚拟条件从句（可以had、were、should 开头）

Were I you, I would try it again.

在so… that开头的句子结构中，so+形容词是主语补语的前置，so+副词是状语的前置，前者引起全部倒装，后者引起局不倒装

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.

as/though 引导的让步状语中，句中的表语，状语或动词原形提到主语前来

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Y oung as he is, she can speak 5 different languages.

4. look forward to 10.6-89 08.8-89 介词to sth/doing sth

object to/ get down to / stick to /contribute to/be accustomed to/ be used to/be opposed to

5虚拟语气表示假设，不太可能实现的情况，与事实相反。

①if 引导的虚拟条件句

主句从句

过去would /should/could/might have done had done/been

现在would /should/could/might do did/were

将来would /should/could/might do did/were /were to do/should do If I had known her number, I would have called her.

If I were you, I would go to see the doctor.

If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.

if 引导的真实条件句，发生的肯能性极大（主将从现）

If I have time, I will help you with the work.

②Wish后使用虚拟

主+wish+(that)+ 从句过去had done/been

现在did/were

将来would/could do

I wish she had been here yesterday.

I wish I were as young as you.

Anna wishes she would have a new dress.

③insist order demand suggest advise recommend require request demand desire等后的宾

语从句动词通常用（should）+v

I suggest that we (should) discuss the problem next time.

Her mother insisted that she (should) stay at home.她母亲坚持要她呆在家里。

suggest insist 不表示建议，要求时，从句不用虚拟

Her expression suggested that she was angry.

I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持说他错了。

④suggestion order proposal decision recommendation等后面的表语从句和同位语从句

The order were that we stay where we were.

He made the suggestion that they (should) carry on their conversation in English.

⑤necessary important imperative suggested proposed ordered等后的主语从句

It is +adj+ that+ (should)+v.

It is necessary that you (should) go there in person.

It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.

⑥as if/though+主+过去had done/been

现在did/were

将来could do

He works very hard as if he never felt tired.

She talked as if she had taken part in that battle.

在feel/look/seem/sound等词之后, as if/though引导的从句有时也常用陈述语气。这时表示所谈之事肯能行很大。

It looks as if/though it is going to rain.

⑦if only主+过去had done/been

现在did/were

将来would/could do

If only I hadn’t missed the chance.

If only I were ten years younger.

⑧lest 唯恐以免/for fear唯恐以免/ in case以防万一+主+v

Take your umbrella in case it rains/should rain.

⑨It is time +主+过去式

It is time he made a decision.

⑩用介词短语代替条件状语从句without、but for（要不是）

Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.

But for your help ( If it had not been your help) I could not have done it.

6.despite/ despite of+名词或名词短语

She went to Japan despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest.

7. on one’s own

①alone单独的，独自的

I have been living in my own for four years now.

②without anyone’s help 无援助的，独立的

I made this wardrobe all on my own. 这个衣橱是我自己做的。

8.give up/abandon

abando n

历年真题：2010年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案

87.___________________(为了确保他参加会议),I called him up in advance.

解析:In order to ensure him to attend the meeting

To ensure his attendance at the meeting

【结构分析】本题句子的主干“I called him up in advance”已经给出,无需翻译,需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。该部分在句子中作目的状语

【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。①目的状语可以由to/in order to来引导。②确保ensure sb to do 确保某人做某事,ensure sth 确保某事

【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议,我已经提前给他电话了。

88.The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.

解析:is said to have been built

【结构分析】本题句子的主语为the significant museum,缺谓语,即(据说建成于)

about a hundred years ago为时间状语。

【考点解释】本题重点考查:①被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这一动作发生在过去。②据说be said to;be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时,表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。

【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。

89.There would be no life on earth ____________________ (没有地球独特的环境)。

解析: without its unique environment

but for its unique environment

【结构分析】本题句子含有There be结构。主干完整,there主语,would be 谓语,no life 表语,on earth 地点状语

【考点解释】本题重点考查:①without的用法without 是介词,后接名词;同时,表示“没有”,除without外,还可用but for;②单词拼写unique adj.独特;environment n.环境③当名词重复出现时,可适当使用代词,避免重复。

【原句精释】没有地球独特的环境,地球上就不会有生命。

90.______________________________(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.

解析:What impressed the tourists most

【结构分析】本题句子为主系表结构,主语即考查部分,was 系动词,剩余部分为表语。【考点解释】本题重点考查①what引导的主语从句;what可引导句子充当主语;②impress 用法给…留下印象impress sb;③最高级的用法most;结合考点②③,可推出“给…印象最深”为impress sb most

【原句精释】当地人的友善与热情给游客们留下了最深的印象。

91.They requested that ___________________________ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. 解析:books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library

I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library

【结构分析】本题句子的主干部分分别是they 主语,request 谓语,后接that引导的宾语从句。

【考点解释】①request的用法。request v. 要求;当request表示“要求”时,引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即(should)+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”, the book (that) I borrowed;

③单词的拼写。归还return,借borrow,图书馆library ④本题就此题提供了两个版本的答案,但在表示“规定,规则”时,被动语态更为常用。

【原句精释】他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。

2010年6月英语四级真题答案：翻译与解析

87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty __________________________(集中注意力在实验上)。

88. The manager never laughed; neither ___________________(她也从来没有发过脾气)

89. We look forward to _____________________________(被邀请出席开幕式)

90. It is suggested that the air conditioner _____________________________(要安装在窗户旁)。

91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite ______________________________(她父母的强烈反对)。

答案及点评：

87 Because of the noise outside, Nancy

had great difficulty in focusing on the experiment. (集中注意力在实验上)

点评：have difficulty in doing sth。(in可以省略)这个搭配在2006年四级改革时的样卷中已经出过，当时是翻译“在找去博物馆的路方面有困难”。这次是重复出现，考前徐可风在文都的课堂上提到必需把历次真题及样卷的翻译看一看，写一写，就是因为徐可风已经意识到翻译题考点的高度重复性。

88 The manager never laughed; neither had she lost her temper. (她也从来没有发过脾气)

点评：考点是部分倒装。部分倒装徐可风在文都的课堂上强调了两种情况，一种是否定词前置的(正如本题)；另一种是only前置的。凡是在文都徐可风课堂上认真听课的考生，这道题如探囊取物。

89 We look forward to being invited to attend the opening ceremony (被邀请出席开幕式)

点评：考点是被动语态的变化形式，look forward to的to是介词，所以后面用-ing结构。关于被动的翻译方法，请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。

90 It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be installed by the window。(要安装在窗户旁)

点评：考点是虚拟语气。Suggest等动词作主句谓语时，宾语从句往往用虚拟语气的表达，在表达过程中should可以省略。关于虚拟语气的翻译方法，请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。

91 The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite her parents' strong objection。(她父母的强烈反对)

点评：考点是重要介词。关于重要介词的翻译方法，请参考文都徐可风的相关课堂笔记。

综述：这次考试的翻译总体难度不大。上述是参考译文，不是唯一的正确答案。练习翻译是个很好的打基础的方法，它不仅让我们记住了单词的写法，同时更重要的是让我们掌握了单词的用法。在后面考六级或考研的文都学员，一定要充分记住徐可风的这个观点“翻译是最好的打基础方式”。

09年6月四级翻译真题答案及点评

整体而言，本次的翻译难度中等，主要侧重各种固定短语和搭配的考查，体现语言的实用性。另外涉及的语法考点如动名词、虚拟语气都是课堂的重点，没有偏怪，因此同学们应该都很熟悉。

87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had

(很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.

difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates

【答案解析】本句中重点考查的语法点是动名词在固定结构里的用法，即have difficulty (in) doing。另外还考察了catch up with sb. ，表示“赶上，跟上某人(由指功课、进度)这一词组。在组句的时候注意，“班上的同学”要么说成"his classmates"，要么译成"other students in his class"，此处的other不可少。

【全句译文】转到新学校没多久，阿里就发现在数学和英语这两门功课上很难跟上班里的同学。

88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary

(就不会被大雨淋了).

would not have been caught in the heavy rain

【答案解析】本句考查的是一个典型的过去时态的虚拟。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用"be caught in

the rain"这一说法，不宜直译。

【全句译文】如果玛丽早回来一个小时，她就不会被打雨淋了。

89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are(更有可能增加体重).

more likely to gain /put on weight

【答案解析】本句考查的是可能性的表达，因为从句中的主语是人those who ...，所以联想到be likely to do结构。此处还考察了比较级和“增加体重”这一短语表达。

【全句译文】据说那些经常在压力下工作或时常加班的人更有可能增加体重。

90.(很多人所没意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.

what is not realized by many people/ what many people have not realized

【答案解析】本句考查的是特殊疑问词what引导的名词性从句作主语。

【全句译文】很多人所没意识到西蒙是个体育爱好者，特别喜欢足球。

91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is

(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).

closely related to the lack of exercise

【答案解析】本句考查的是"closely related to"，表示“与...密切相关”和"lack of"，表示“缺乏...”的固定搭配。

【全句译文】研究表明人体机能的退化与缺乏锻炼密切相关。

09年6月大学英语四级翻译答案及解析

87. difficulties in catching up with his classmates

88. wouldn’t have been caught in rain。

89. more likely to gain weight

90. What most people haven’t realized

91. closely related to the lack of exercise。

词组重头戏，虚拟加被动

整体而言，本次考试的翻译难度中等，与往年基本持平，主要侧重对词组的考察，以及固定句式和虚拟语气的正确使用。考察点侧重考生的语言基本功。这些点都是我们在课堂上反复跟大家强调过的，只要考前认真复习讲义上所涉及的重点语法，相信大部分考生都可以在考场上做到游刃有余。

87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had______________(很难跟上班里的同学)

in math and English。

解析：做四六级翻译题的实质是补全句子，所以已给英文题干和中文部分都要仔细分析。首先时间状语，“他转学到新的学校不久”，transfer这个单词曾经在06年6月份四级改革后的第一套新题型的第二篇长对话中考察过。主句部分已给动词had，所以翻译部分要套用与had搭配的词组，即had difficulties in doing sth.。另外，考察词组“跟上”，即catch up with sb。

参考答案：difficulties in catching up with his classmates

88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary___________________(就不会被大雨淋了)。

解析：本题考察虚拟语气，if条件句所用时态为过去完成时，可见是对过去已经发生的事情的假设，即“如果她早一个小时返回”，所考察的主句对应表达方式为would have done。

词组“被大雨淋”，考察被动语态，be caught in rain。

参考答案：wouldn’t have been caught in rain。

89. It is said that those who are stressed or over overtime are_______________(更有可能增加体重)。

解析：本题考察的词组“更有可能”在今年真题中已考察过两次，2006年12月翻译90题，“出门在外时可能会感到孤单(are likely to feel lonely when away from home)”，以及2007年12月翻译88题，“我比以前更容易累了(I’m more likely to get tired than before)”。我们在昂立的课堂上反复强调be (more) likely to do sth。这个词组，认真听课的考生不在话下，应该感到非常开心。另外考察词组“增加体重”，即gain weight。

参考答案：more likely to gain weight

90. ________________(很多人所没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular。

解析：本题中文部分对应该句缺乏的主语，考察主语从句；另外关于时态方面的选择，系动词和表语从句都使用了现在时(is)，根据时态保持一致原则，译文部分我们使用现在完成时，表达从过去持续到现在的一种状态。

参考答案：What most people haven’t realized

91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is ______________(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)。

解析：本题考察词组“与…相关”，即be related to sth.，以及“缺乏”，即“lack of sth。”；还有副词“密切”，即closely。

参考答案：closely related to the lack of exercise

2009年12月英语四级考试翻译点评

87. Y ou would not have failed if___(按照我的指令去做)

【参考答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders 。

【权威解析】本题较为容易，属于识记型题目。考点有三个：第一是按照所给出的汉语提示，由于主句和从句的主语是一致的，因此在做答案的时候应该在从句中补全主语you，很多学生出现遗漏，就按照汉语意思直译了，造成不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。。。的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；第三个考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构；综上，很容易得出答案you had followed my instructions 。

88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ___(放弃对知识的追求)

【参考答案】abandoned the pursuit of knowledge。

【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：首先根据句子的已知部分判断，需要填写的部分应该采用过去时，这一点大家一定要注意；其次，考查固定搭配，1）“放弃做某事”abandon sth；“知识的追求’的表达是the pursuit of knowledge ”，综上，得出正确答案。在句子的已知部分，encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意思为“遇到困难”。

89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before____(我们找到治愈癌症的方法)

【参考答案】we find the cure for cancer。

【权威解析】首先根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时；其次，要注意汉语提示部分是“治愈”而不是“治疗”，因此要用cure 而不能用treat，这就提醒我们学习单词的时候一定要注意细节，否则用错了，分数就丢掉了；所以，本题的正确答案是we find the cure for cancer

90. Production has to be increased considerably to ___ . (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步)

【参考答案】keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers。

【权威解析】本题的核心考点主要有两个：第一，固定搭配“与。。。保持同步”，可以表达为keep pace with ….或者是keep up with ；其次，固定表达“不断增长的”，可以表达为growing 或者rising 或者increasing ，选其一就可以；综上，正确答案是keep pace with the constantly growing needs of consumers 。

91. The more exercise you take, ____ 。(你越不大可能感冒)

【参考答案】The less likely you are to catch a cold。

【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：第一是考查the more , the less的用法，在2006年的考试中考查过the more , the more的结构，简直是如出一辙，因此必须重视历年真题的考点，重复考的概率非常大。第二是考查固定搭配：可能做某事，表达为be likely to do sth ；最后一个是固定搭配“感冒”，表达为catch a cold ；因此答案应该是the less likely you are to catch a cold ；

2008年12月20日四级翻译评析

整体而言，本次的翻译难度中等，主要侧重对各类从句的考察(87考定语从句，88主语从句，89和91考状语从句)，以及时态、语态的正确使用。这些都是我们在课堂上反复跟大家强调过的，只要大家考前认真复习过讲义上所涉及的重点语法，相信这些句子不会是大家的“拦路虎”。

87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems

(他们至今还没有答案).

解析：做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子，所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话，而横线前是名词problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which做关联词，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。

参考答案：which/that they haven’t found answers to

88. (大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.

解析：很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about，而且这样的表述大家在阅读文章中也见得很多。

参考答案：What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents

89. Y ou’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷).

解析：大家平时做题的时候应该养成“警觉性”，一看到“以防”，马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。

参考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold

90. Through the project, many people have received training and (决定自己创业).

解析：本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do，核心词组“自己创业”是四六级作文的热门话题，相信认真同学们都不回陌生。此外还要注意“决定”和“have received”是并列的。

参考答案：decided to start their own business

91. The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).

解析：本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。

参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor

2006年12月英语四级汉译英真题解析

英语四级汉译英解题方法：

第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态所谓形式包括：

1.词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）

2.虚拟

3.被动

所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。

第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。

真题详解：2006.12

1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to(适应不同文化中的生活).[ 06.12] [解题步骤]:

第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。

第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”

核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语。

第三步：

1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures

2).重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures

[正确答案]：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures

[翻译]：跨文化研究专家说，适应不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。

[考察知识点]：[词组固定搭配]adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应------”

2.Since my childhood I have found that(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).

[解题步骤]:

第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。

第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”

核心谓语动词是“比------更有吸引力”，“没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。第三步：

1).切块对应翻译：“比------更有吸引力”= be more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。

2).重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading

[正确答案]：nothing is more attractive to me than reading

[翻译]：从儿时起我就发现，没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。

[考察知识点]：[比较级]nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。

3.The victim(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

[解题步骤]:

第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。

第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”

核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾语。

第三步：

1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive

2).重新组合：would have a chance to survive.

[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival

[翻译]：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。

[考察知识点]：[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done 有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth----

[语法讲解]：“虚拟语气”

考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：

第一种：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子

1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]

If I were you , I would marry him.

如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]

If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.

如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。

3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]

If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?

如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。

类似用法的动词有：

insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

第三种：用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中

第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。

It is time (that) we went to bed .

咱们该睡觉了。

注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。

4.Some psychologists claim that people(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).

[解题步骤]:

第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。

第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”

核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。

第三步：

1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”= may feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home.

2).重新组合：may feel lonely when they are away from home.

[正确答案]：may feel lonely when they are away from home.

[翻译]：一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。

[考察知识点]：[词性辨析] lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone. adj.独自的

[难点]：“出门在外”的翻译。When they are not in their hometown

5.The nation’s population continues to rise(以每年1200万人的速度).

[解题步骤]:

第一步：由The nation’s population continues to rise.可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。第二步：划分成分“以每年1200万人的速度”

词组固定搭配“以------的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。

第三步：

1).切块对应翻译：“以------的速度”= at a speed of---，“每年”=per year，“1200万人”12 million.

2).重新组合：at a speed of 12 million per year.

[正确答案]：at a speed of 12 million per year

[翻译]：这个国家的人口继续以每年1200万人的速度增长

历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、

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