大学英语交互阅读教程3 答案

大学英语交互阅读教程3 答案

Reading Matters 3

An Interactive Approach to Reading

Answer Key

Unit 1 Fun Matters

Quotations, page 18

1. For

2. For

3. Neutral

4. For

5. Against

6. Neutral

Chapter 1:Challenges in Your Free Time

Previewing, pages 19-20

(sample answers)

A.Mountaineer Trying again after an injury

Pro Snowboarder Conquering fear of taking risks

Walk Up the Wild Side Beginning love of taking risks

B. 1. Fearless, like danger, determined, dedicated, love of life

2. They all feel very good about what they do and they are all passionate about their respective sports.

3. They incorporate their fear into their actions and they all realize that fear is an unavoidable element of their sports. Predicting, page 21

(sample answers) 1. Risks 2. Extreme Sports 3. Injuries 4. Trends

Scanning for Details, page 24

1. 600 feet, 66 miles per hour

2. Snowboarding, ice climbing, skateboarding and paragliding

3.a. Participation in snowboarding has grown 113 percent in the last five years.

b. Baseball and touch football participation has declined.

4. Americans today want to participate in sports that have a greater risk factor and push them to their personal limits.

5. The activities that are becoming popular are all more challenging than a game of touch football.

6. As a result of paragliding, Mike Carr broke ten ribs and collapsed his lung.

7. Risk showed up uninvited and regularly for previous generations: global wars, childbirth complications, diseases, dangerous products, and the threat of cold war.

8. Traditional risks have been reduced, but without some expression of risk, people may never know their limits, and therefore, who they are as individuals.

Using Evidence to Support Ideas, page 25

Reacting to the Information, page 26

1. c

2. d

3. a

4. b

Understanding Underlying Ideas, page 27

(sample answers)

Paragraph 1. “The mountain environment is a mystical, majestic place … It is a place that, above all, should elicit our respect and responsible behavior.”

Paragraph 3.“For us, climbing Qomolangma gave us the satisfaction of knowing we had accomplished the most difficult task … only meaningful when it leads us to better our performance in everything we do …”

Paragraph 6.“It was like going onstage. We had butterflies in our stomach … I was so filled with joy … The most sobering moment in the climb came at the Hillary Step … I knew this place and felt welcome … It was a moment of

complete happiness.”

Paragraph 11.“… enjoying the view … taking the obligatory pictures … I opened my arms … turned 360 degrees, and saw the edges of the world …”

Understanding Details, pages 29-30

1. N

2. N

3. N

4. N

5. Y

6. N

7. N

8. personal 9. crystal-clear 10. directions

Inferring Meaning, page 30

1. transfixed: to render motionlessly

immense: extremely large or great

trailing: hang over the edge of

2. committed: transfer something to somewhere

3. descent: an action of moving downward, dropping or falling

lingered: stayed in a place longer than necessary

utterly: completely

Understanding Underlying Ideas, page 31

(sample answers)

Paragraph 1.“I was struck by how steep and hard the ice was … it became clear that the farther we moved from camp, the greater the danger became. As the angle of the slope increased, I focused on what would save my life, rather

than on what might kill me.”

Paragraph 2.“Realizing that I might not be thinking clearly, I asked one of my Sherpas, Kami Tsering, to check my oxygen.

I suddenly became cold and told hi m, ‘We have to go down—now!’”

Paragraph 10.“Once there, I used my radio and announced … if you hang on to your dreams long enough, you can achieve them. … Then I started to cry with joy.”

Paragraph 13.“how to work as a team, how to overcome setbacks, how to deal with failure, how to push through pain and discomfort, and how to make dreams come true, whatever the obstacles.”

Retelling the Information, page 33

Reasons for climbing: personal success

allows better performance in life in general

teaches how to overcome problems

builds teamwork

Feelings during the climb: nervousness

excitement

exhaustion

fear

Reaction to reaching the summit: humbling

disappointment

feelings of overwhelming joy

sense of accomplishment

How the experience will be used: to help make a greater contribution to the surrounding world

to apply the experience and the lessons learned to daily life

to learn that failure is an integral part of success

to know that dreams can come true

Word Form, page 34

1. Taking a risk makes other life goals seem achievable.

2. You can minimize the risk in extreme sports by using the right equipment.

3. Teamwork is a matter of survival when climbing Qomolangma.

Cohesive Devices, page 34

1. struck: scared (line 1, paragraph 1)

2. goal: purpose (line 2, paragraph 13)

3. summit: top (line 2, paragraph 13)

4. setback: obstacles (line 8, paragraph 13)

Chapter 2: Taking a Break Responsibly: Eco-Tourism

What Do You Think?, page 36

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

Previewing, page 36

(sample answers)

1. The history of vacations

2. The effect of technology on vacations

3. The future of vacations

Skimming, page 37

2. There was a change in work style

Main Points Details

B. During and after industrial revolution 1. North America turns from agricultural to urban

2. Work separated from life

C. Technological revolution 1. People more available

2. People work harder to buy more things

3. People bring cell phones and computers on vacation

Vocabulary in Context, page 39

1.taking vocation

2.people who work for industry

3.technological revolution

4.the technological revolution

Applying the Information, page 40

(sample answers)

A. 1. Yes, taking less time off to go somewhere nearby, but do this as often as every weekend.

2. A break where they can relax and enjoy themselves. Maybe relieve some stress.

Previewing, page 41

(sample answers) 1. Meaning of eco-tourism 2. Popularity 3. Effect

Getting the Main Ideas, page 44

Paragraph 3. Benefits of eco-tourism

Paragraph 4. Environmentalists’ attitudes

Paragraph 5. Eco-tourism in Costa Rica

Paragraph 8. Eco-tourism in other parts of Central America

Paragraph 9-10. Negative effects of eco-tourism

Scanning, pages 45-46

1. Hiking, climbing, sleeping, swimming

2. Rain forests attract tourists, who bring dollars that provide jobs.

3. Travel agencies

4. Environmentalists saw tourists as a threat.

5. They changed their mind when they noticed that the tourists were respectful of the environment, and the immediate, positive effect it had on curbing the destruction.

6.The Costa Rican tourism industry emphasizes the country’s natural attractions and activities.

7. a. four

b. Trails to see the ruins and more recent architecture, beaches for snorkeling and fishing, sightseeing in rain forests

and charming villages.

c. Electric railroad

d. Provide jobs for local farmers and support the park staff.

8. If locals are given the jobs, they will see the benefit of preserving the land.

9. It is a threat when it requires massive clearing, the building of roads, or large hotels.

10. a.The biggest problem in Costa Rica is tourism’s booming success.During peak season, there is a shortage of hotel

rooms, rental cars and other necessities.

b. Encouraging tourists to come after peak season.

Using Examples, page 46

1.“… for every ten acres of trees cut in the tropics, only one new acre is planted.”

2.“… more than 400 species of birds, 4,000 kinds of insects, and 120 animals …”

3.“…Flores, renting cars by day to visit the ruins in Tikal …”

4. France, Germany, Canada, and the United States

5.“… 250 peasants are moving in each day, cutting forests …”

6.“…short on hotel rooms, rental cars, and other necessities.”

(sample answers)

Title 1. A perfect place 2. There are some problems too.

Subtitle1. Small idea 2. Getting bigger 3. May have bad effect on the Earth 4.Get reader’s reaction

Predicting, page 47

1. Good

2. Bad

3. The article compares the good and bad aspects.

Surveying, page 47

B. Main Idea Paragraph(s)

Complaints against eco-tourism 4

Debate: Pros/Cons of eco-tourism 5

The origin of eco-tourism 6, 7

Success stories 8, 9

Negative consequences 10

Solution 11

Conclusion 12

Cohesive Devices, page 52

1. one day a gunman pulled up and shot his local operations manger, severely wounding him.

2. it: the environment; they: foreign visitors

3. whether eco-tourism is a good idea or not

4. poachers

5. local wolves

Note Taking, pages 52-53

1. Benefits: 3, 5, 8, 9

2. Negative consequences: 4, 5, 10

(sample answers)

Benefits Negative Consequences

Doesn’t destroy the environment Developers force out indigenous groups

Tourists experience area as if they were natives Tourists destroy the nature

Best hope for development in poor countries Garbage, discarded equipment, e.g., Qomolangma

Only way tourism can be sustained long term Exploitation, e.g., eco-tourism casino

Cuts down on poaching, e.g., Southern India Negative effect on wildlife

Not all countries have beaches, offer unique spots

Applying the Information, page 53

(sample answers)

1. Yes, it would have been better to keep the caves a secret.

2.The second quote: It all depends on how it’s managed. It can be a benefit to the area if it’s done right.

3. Stay informed, choose reputable companies, pressure the bad companies to change policies, etc.

Skimming, page 53

Paragraph 1.“… garbage man of Mt. Qomolangma …”,“… the world’s highest garbage dump.”

Paragraph 2. “ ‘The Final Sweep’ … restore the mountain to its pristine state for the 50th anniversary of Edmund Hillary’s first ascent in 1953.”

Paragraph 7.“… Hoffman told his group that they would be taking down more than they brought up. Othe r climbing teams followed suit …”

Paragraph 8. “Three years later, Hoffman and his teammates set a higher standard for themselves, starting when they began packing in the United States …”

Paragraphs 8–9.“I still see the zip-lock bags and drums used by villagers …” “… helped net many Sherpas upward of $5,000 each for their efforts”

Understanding Details, pages 55-56

1. N

2. N

3. Y

4. N

5. N

6. N

7. Y

8. 1992 9. duffel 10. Sherpas

Vocabulary in Context, pages 56-57

(sample answers)

1. create

2. full of people

3. bribe

4. started arriving

5. signifies/implies

6. fell

7. clean

8. includes

9. slow down

Unit 2 Weather Matters

Chapter 3: Poles Apart: Climate Research in Antarctica and the Arctic

What’s the Weather Like?, pages 60-61

1. Philippines, heat wave, declines in crop yield

2. Brazil, cold wave, 2 people died

3. India, floods, 48 camels died

4. Florida, hurricane, destroyed farms

5. China, storm (wind & hail), 16 people died and 200 injured

Discussion Questions, page 62

1. Extreme weather conditions

2. Deaths and destruction of property

Note Taking, pages 62-63

Main Ideas Details

B. History of climate modeling 1. Ocean and sea-ice models were coupled together and added to global climate models

2. Aerosols (airborne particles) added

3. Natural carbon cycling on land and in oceans added

4. Effects of human industry need to be added

C. Present day challenges 1. Biggest, physical uncertainty, depending on type & height

2. Increase of average global temperature by 1.5°–4.5° C by 2100

Understanding Details, pages 64-65

1. Y

2. N

3. Y

4. Y

5. N

6. N

7. N

8. fossil fuel 9. chemistry 10. uncertainties

Brainstorming, page 65

(sample answers)

Similarities: Both are covered in ice and snow; Both are very cold; Both have whales and birds

Differences: Artic has trees, but Antarctica does not; Antarctica is colder and windier; Antarctica has penguins, but Arctic does not

Previewing, page 66

(sample answers)

1. Environmental issues that affect the Arctic and Antarctica.

2. The role of climatologists.

3. Scientific studies in the Arctic.

Getting the Main Ideas, page 73

Paragraph 5. Inuit observations of changes in Arctic

Paragraph 6. Scientific observations of changes in Arctic

Paragraph 7. Importance of Arctic to climate study

Paragraph 8. Scientific observations of changes in Antarctic

Paragraph 9. Warming trend

Understanding Details, pages 74-75

1. Scientists are studying conditions at the Poles and monitoring the environmental changes to better understand how they affect the global climate.

2. They are drilling the ice and extracting ice cores many meters deep.

3. a. The Inuit are watching their world melt before their eyes. They are concerned that their community will slide into the sea.

b. Elders and hunters post their observations on the website.

4. a. They relied on the ring around the moon or the burning circle around the sun.

b. Today, the w eather changes so rapidly that people can’t make sense of these sign s any more.

5. a. The Gulf Stream moderates temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere.

b. It moves along ocean currents, which act as conveyor belts.

c. Dilution by too much fresh water on the surface, coming either from increased rainfall over the North Atlantic or from

glacial melting, could stop the salty water from sinking and shut down the conveyor belt. This is caused by a rise in

temperature in the region.

d. It would cause climate change in the Northern Hemisphere, which would cause many problems.

6. Scientists are concerned about the melting of the ice shelves that caused icebergs to break away from the continent.

7. a.Thousands of ice layers that were formed as each year’s snowfall was compressed over time.

b. It gives the first full view of a past warm period that is most like the current one.

8. We need to ask when abrupt change will happen, what the impact will be, and how can we prepare. It is no longer a question

of whether it’s going to happen–climate change is inevitable, thus we need to take action.

Understanding Details, page 75

1. Very few people get to visit Antarctica. The trip changes your perspective of the world and gives you a better appreciation for the natural world.

2. Green believes that the expeditions allow students to connect with nature and understand the profound effect the environment has on their lives.

3. The expeditions take about 75 students to the Antarctic and 12 to the Arctic.

4. Students have to raise money for the trip and have a sense of adventure and respect for nature.

5. They must deal with seasickness caused by rough waters on their journey there.

6.If winds or sea currents are too rough, they cancel the trip. A doctor and a nurse are present. They have a “take only

photo graphs, leave only footprints” philosophy so that they don’t disturb the environment.

7. The students visit various scientific research stations and help with experiments, and they get a chance to interact with wildlife.

8. For some the trip has helped them focus their career plans.

Reacting to the Reading, page 79

(sample answers)

1. Get to see something different.

2.Sometimes we’re so focused on technology that we forget about nature.

3. Humans are so small in comparison.

4. Seeing it first hand might inspire you to get involved.

5. It became more of a reality.

Applying the Information, page 79

Vocabulary Building, page 80

1. agricultural (adj.)

2. successful (n.)

3. accuracy (n.)

4. global (adj.)

5. continental (adj.)

6. atmospheric (adj.)

7. scientific (adj.)

8. environmental (adj.)

9. natural (adj.) 10. governmental (adj.)

Vocabulary in Context, pages 80-81

A.1. d 2. a 3. e 4. f 5. b 6. c

B. (sample answers)

1. last forever

2. winter in July, summer in December

3. spent more

4. studying

5. water

6. hit hardest

7. keeping heat out

8. over past decade

Reading, page 82

1. Poorer countries may not have weather warning systems and disaster preparations.

2. Thanks to improvements in forecasting, it is possible to notify people of approaching disasters and remove them or shore up their defenses.

3. There is a lack of political will to deal with the problem. Often people are fatalistic about such catastrophes.

4. The goal is so improve early warnings and disaster pr eparedness, and strengthen national weather agencies. It’s important to make sure that all countries have access to information from satellites about extreme weather and assistance incorporating such data into their emergency planning system. Other improvements include training weather specialists, providing technology, and informing the public.

Matching, page 84

1. f

2. d

3. g

4. e

5. c

6. a

7. b

Understanding the Coherence of a Paragraph, pages 84-85

1. and

2. as, when, while

3. as many as, by contrast, as good as, much better than

4. for example

5. although

Chapter 4: The Weather and Our Health

Matching, page 87

1. j

2. b

3. g

4. a

5. d

6. c

7. h

8. f

9. e 10. i

Predicting, pages 87-88

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. T

Scanning for Details, pages 91-92

1.They were surprised that people don’t die because it’s cold, but because it’s winter.

2. The link between health and weather is studied by biometeorology, a well-accepted science in Europe for fifty years.

3. They developed a computer-animated map that shows not cold fronts and snow flurries, but the medical problems that they can bring.

4. People complained of migraines when the weather became more humid and cooler, and when there was a long hot spell.

5. The German Weather Service regularly issues health advisories. There is a website with weather updates related to health conditions.

6. a.It’s an index that combines eight different measures, and based on these factors, divides weather into fourteen catego ries linked to different ailments.

b. It shows areas of health risk across North America on any given day.

7.a. Environment Canada was not interested in it.

b.Perhaps they don’t see the utility of such a map.

8. People could manage their illnesses and plan their daily activities. For example, people with migraines could stay away from foods that trigger migraines, and people suffering from arthritis could take anti-inflammatories as a preventative measure. 9. Some hospitals in the United Kingdom found using such information useful. Now Environment Canada seems interested in using it in Canada.

Vocabulary in Context, pages 92-93

1.j

2. i

3. h

4. g

5. f

6. e

7. d

8. c

9. b 10. a

Using Evidence to Support Ideas, page 93

Idea Support

2.The project …People with migraines typically came to the doctor under two types of

weather conditions. “One is when the weather is becoming more humid

and cooler … The other is when you have a long hot spell.”

3.Much has … A study revealed that death rates are more than 20% higher in Jan. than Aug.

One study found that heart attacks peak on the third day of a cold spell.

Another found that blood pressure rises and falls according to noon temp.

Yet another found that a warm front moving across the country brings with it

a wave of migraine headaches.

4. Animals are affected by weather as well Bears change …

Understanding Details, page 94

1. N

2. Y

3. Y

4. N

5. Y

6. Y

7. N

8. sleep specialist 9. winter 10. daylight

Scanning, page 97

1.a. For attempted suicide.

b.Her children’s vacation came the first week of March instead of in February.

2. The second patient became more sociable and paid more attention to his personal hygiene.

3.a. Sadness, irritability, anxiety

b. Violence

4. Laziness, increase in appetite, hypersomnia

5.a. People start getting SAD symptoms as daylight hours begin to decrease.

b. The symptoms can last until May (spring).

6. a. Two kinds of light

b. The brighter light worked because it resembled sunlight.

Recapping the Information, page 98

A.

1.“The first patient … had tried to commit suicide … Another patient … was admitted to the same hospital year after year … so severe was his depression.”

2. Both psychological and physical, including depression, anxiety, irritability, increased appetite, laziness, and hypersomnia.

3.“One of the first studies … The investigators found they could predict how many of the people they studied would develop SAD symptoms on the basis of how brief the daylight hours were … September, some people were affected …winter solstice came, almost everyone in the study group was affected … toward spring … the number of affected people began to decline. By the end of May, almost all were back to their old selves.”

Skimming, page 98

(sample answers) 1. In the summer 2. Sad, depressed, suicidal

Scanning, page 101

1. Audrey takes amphetamines.

2. Between 4 and 8 percent of people suffer from SAD, but only .025 percent suffer from Reverse SAD.

3. Audrey spea ks to women’s groups about her disorder, because women are twice as likely to suffer from seasonal depression.

4. Audrey shops at a mall far from her house because it has the dimmest lighting and it will prevent her from becoming very depressed.

5.a. Audrey shops a great deal in the winter, so much so that she cannot control her spending.

b. Her doctor suggests that she not keep credit cards in her purse.

c. Her husband’s solution is that she keep two accounts, one for when she is manic and o ne for when she is not.

6. Audrey feels that she has become a more patient and gentle person as a result of her condition.

7. a. People often try to quiet Audrey when she discusses her condition.

b. Audrey’s response is that depression in variou s forms is quite common and therefore should be openly discussed. Recapping the Information, page 102

A.

1.“Daylight and warmth are factors … in the spring … rare …only 0.025 percent are believed to suffer …”

2.“… provokes severe manic depression. Her mania (extreme excitement) happens in winter … spring, however, she gradually withdraws from social contact and falls into a depression.”

3.“She has told her story on video for hospital researchers … speak to women’s groups … shops at [the darkest] mall … doesn’t keep credit cards in her purse … has two bank accounts.”

Reacting to the Readings, page 102

(sample answers)

1. SAD may be worse because it affects more people.

2. Women may be more sensitive than men.

3.It’s better to talk about it.

4. (personal response)

Scanning, pages 104

A. 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. b

B. 1. Signal about increased light goes to the internal clock.

2. Clock sends information to pineal gland.

3. Pineal gland releases lower amounts of melatonin into the blood.

4. Body temperature remains the same.

5. Energy increases and depression lifts.

Word Form, pages 105-106

A. 1. a. depression (n.) b. depressed (adj.)

2. a. illness (n.) b. ill (adj.)

3. a. warm (adj.) b. warmth (n.)

4. a. Biology (n.) b. biological (adj.)

B. 1. light 2. computer-generated 3. a lot of 4. damage from cold 5. all day 6. healthy 7. predicting Vocabulary in Context, page 106

a. 7

b. 6

c. 8

d. 5

e. 2

f. 3

g. 9

h. 4

i. 1

新世纪大学英语阅读教程2课文翻译

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