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新编大学英语4课文翻译和课后习题答案

新编大学英语4课文翻译和课后习题答案
新编大学英语4课文翻译和课后习题答案

Unit 1

2 BDCAC AADBB

Vocabulary

1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer

2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition

3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt

4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason

5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis

6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values

7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless

8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood

2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority

4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice

7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction

10) a sense of urgency

3. 1) Lively behavior is normal

2) Fast cars appeal to

3) diverse arguments

4) I asked my boss for clarification

5) sensitive to light

6) Mutual encouragement

7) made fun of him

8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint

9) to be the focus/center of attention

10) we buy our tickets in advance

4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice

13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble

1) B 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6 C 7) B 8) C 9) B 10)A 11)C 12) C

Unit 2

Vocabulary

1. Creating Compound Words

STEP ONE:

Column A Column B The compound words created

through day throughout

up man upbeat, uplift

draw eared drawback

teen ready teenage

hand conscious handout, handwritten

birth back birthday, birthstone

chair distance chairman

rag beat rag-eared

ever lift ever-ready

over age overdue, overage

long due long-distance, long-eared

self stone self-conscious

mile out mileage, milestone

type wishing typewriter, typewritten

well writer/written well-wishing, well-written

STEP TWO:

1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter

6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared

11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage

2. 1) A. intrigued v. interest

B. intrigue n. the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power

2) A. straining v. try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strength

B. strain n. a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something

3) A. savor n. taste; flavor

B. savored v. enjoy the taste or flavor of; enjoy as much as you can

4) A. treasure v. treat something as being very special, important, or valuable

B. treasure n. a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc.

5) A. credited v. consider … as having achieved something or being the reason for it

B. credit n. trust; faith

6) A. boost n. an encouraging act of cheering somebody up

B. boost v. make someone feel more confident and less worried

7) A. note n. a short, usually informal, letter

B. noted v. notice or pay careful attention to something

8) A. signed v. write your signature on a letter or document to show that you wrote it, agreed with it

B. sign n. gesture used to express one’s meaning, idea, etc.

9) A. totaled v. come to a certain amount

B. total n. the whole amount

10) A. stuffed v. fill something with a substance

B. stuff n. substance or material

11) A. count n. the number that is reached when something is being counted

B. count v. be important

12) A. last v. manage to remain in the same situation

B. last n. the remaining part of something

13) A. complimented v. express praise or admiration of somebody

B. compliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.

14) A. flood n. a large number or amount

B. flooding v. arrive in large numbers

15) A. contact n. communication with a person, organization, country, etc.

B. contact v. reach (someone) by message, telephone, etc.

3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up

10) characterized

11) lingered 12) acknowledged

4. column: 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C

tough: 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A

5.

1) A. complementary B. complimentary C. complimentary

complimentary: 1) expressing admiration, praise, etc.

2) given free of charge

complementary: making something complete or perfect; supplying what is lacking or needed for completion

2) A. stationery B. stationary C. stationary

stationary: not moving, or not changing

stationery: writing materials (e.g. paper, envelopes, etc.)

3) A. typist B. typewriter C. typist

typewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of paper

typist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so

4) A. vulgar B. vague C. vague

vague: 1) not clearly expressed, known, described or decided

2) not clear in shape; not clearly seen

vulgar: not having or showing good taste or good manners; not educated

5) A. pad B. pat C. pad

pad: 1) several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc.

2) a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something

6) A. own B. owed C. owes D. owned

owe: 1) have to pay, for something already done or given

2) feel grateful

own: 1) a. belonging to oneself and to no one else

2) v. possess (something), especially by lawful right

6.

1)searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strange

2)1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) A

Unit 3

Vocabulary

1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate

2. conscious – unconscious positive – negative

encourage – discourage superior – inferior

directly – indirectly biased – fair

sexist – nonsexist limited – unlimited

dependent –independent appropriately –inappropriately

3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B

4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take over

1) B 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) B 11) C 12) A

Unit 4

Vocabulary

1. 1) confused, confusion 2) intelligence, intelligent 3) humorous, humor 4) strategy, strategic 5) motivated, motivation 6) combination, combined

7) creation, creative 8) pursuit, pursuing 9) multiplication, multiply 10) employ, employment

2. 1) perfected 2) approaching 3) value 4) functions 5) approach

6) perfect 7) honor 8) function 9) honor 10) value

3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital

6) scorned 7) conventional 8) original

4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determines 5) Imagination

6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique 11) vulnerable 12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) Apply

1) C 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) B

unit 5

Vocabulary

2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far

4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to

8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it

3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived

1) C 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) A 9) C 10) A 11) C 12) C

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静,但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明,使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋,但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人,并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来,他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束,但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习,纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中,鲍伯的老师,被称为证人,说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议,我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化

新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版

Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.

全新版大学英语3综合教程课后习题翻译原题及答案

1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病,但我觉得问题不大 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。就在那时,家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体,广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志,它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响,但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战,克服危机。Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下,我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄,搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查,许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边,老人马上向警方报告 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的,因为它们能够提高产量,帮助发展 中国家战胜饥荒和疾病 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 1.无论是在城市还是农村,因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。 The Internet is changing the way people live, whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2.和大公司相比,中小公司更容易受到金融危机的威胁。 Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3.关于期末论文,教授要求我们先分析失业图表,然然后对过家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development. 4.他从来也没有想到他们队会大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.

浙大出版社 英语答案(第四册)

新编大学英语4(浙大版)课后习题答案共同学们欣赏嘎嘎 编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ ?设置置顶 ?推荐日志 ?转为私密日志 转载自W~XなK¤转载于2010年03月15日 11:55 阅读(0) 评论(0) 分类:移花接木权限: 公开 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement

英语课后翻译答案

Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前,这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静,但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气,这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2

大学英语4课文翻译

unit 1 TextA Love and logic: The story of a fallacy 爱情与逻辑:谬误的故事 1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either. 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后,我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克,而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的,他一想到这个就受不了,于是他和我达成了一项协议,用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明,而他的女友波莉也不太精明。 2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition. 但她漂亮而且富有,也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景,足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半,我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 3 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken". “光彩照人”,她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”,让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 4 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后,我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区,我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里,我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么?”她问道。 5 "Logic." “逻辑学。” 6 "Cool," she said over her gum. “好酷啊,”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 "The doctrine of logic," I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter." “逻辑学的原理,”我说道,“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实,其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。”

新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案

新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA:她连水都不愿意喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.

我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女,他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说,但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.

新编大学英语4(第二版)Unit 1-Unit 6单元 课文翻译及课后答案详解

课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀? 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心,古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么,到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢? 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人,因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大,有来自拉丁美洲的,也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然,有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且,我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话,而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话:―我喜欢笑话,但我讲不好,也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感,就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲,而且讲了一个笑话,就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱,而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家,并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗,但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且,她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母,当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室,并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去,一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来,布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子,从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑,无疑是在说:―啊哈,你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫(即背景),接下来是主干部分(即故事情节),随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分,这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分,而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言,则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式,进行分析,从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说,最常见的幽默有以下几种,包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当,常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士:―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁?‖那位男士回答道:―那可不是什么贵妇,那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇,也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话,观众都知道要说什么,而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到,无论是在乡村的小舞台上,还是在北京最大的剧院里,抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显,它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时,第一位绅士问道:―这是Wembley (温布利)吗?‖―不,‖第二位绅士说:―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是,‖第三位说道,―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背,因此会把Wembley(温布利)听成了Wednesday(星期三),把Thursday(星期四)听成了thirsty(渴了),这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中,一位老师说: ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?‖那位年轻的 学生回答道:―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里, 一位生气的父亲问道:―告诉我,1加2等于几?‖ 儿子说:―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道: ―比方说,你、你妈妈和我,我们加起来一共是几个, 傻瓜?‖儿子得意地回答道:―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话,是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲,都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事,因为它们贴近现实 生活,而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默,但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧;然而,简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如,谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节,而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问:―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的?‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来,于是问道:―我不猜了。是什 么呀?‖出谜语的人回答:―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red(红色)‖和―read(读)‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同,答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES (法语中的―一语双 关‖)是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同,一个比较恰当,另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说;―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声,她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚,于是补充说:―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然,这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话,反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧,不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言,而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确,现在有些幽默令人震惊,但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的,它 还会继续生存下去,只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情,并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1)certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑,最早是为蒙比利埃(俄亥俄州) 的《企业导报》工作,当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此,一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信,我看到了下面的话:―关于老虎队的 述评很不错,再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子(为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字,稿酬总计达15美分),因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里,后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时,重温一下堂的便笺,就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来,我逐渐对堂有所了解,知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说:―当我使别人充满信心时,我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪,他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了,享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社,都来自于曾经得到过他激励 (文字)的人们。 5 多年来,我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友,他 们关心别人,常写一些鼓舞人心的话语,因为我觉 得,他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上,这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励,大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天,甚至一生。 6 那么,这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢?我猜想很多人回避写,是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解,怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有,写也要花时间,远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是:说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西,而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读,细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间,但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做,其中包括乔治?布什。有人说,他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢?在他整个职业生涯 中,每次与人们接触之后,他几乎都随后写封信, 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞,一行表扬的话,或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事,还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人,后来收到他热情的赞扬信,感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们,其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心,且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森,福特公司的前主席,把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话,然后 传递出去,‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间,就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候,‖他发表自己的看法说,―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候,我们会以为,我并没有说过什么 批评的话,为什么非得去说好话呢?我们忘了,人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上,我们靠这个 取得进步,获得成功!‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢?只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―4S‖技巧。 12 1)真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 2)简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思,你很可能过火了,写得太长。 14 3)具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲

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