9分达人阅读AmateurNaturalists精读笔记

Amateur[??m?t?(r)] Naturalists[?n?t?r?l?st]

Ecologists[i:?k?l?d??sts] are using a wealth of unusual data to predict he impact of climate change.

生态学家们通过大量民间数据来预测气候变化带来的影响

a wealth of

Sn.大量;丰富If you say that someone or something has a wealth of good qualities or things, you are emphasizing that they have a very large number or amount of them.

FORMAL 正式

...such a wealth of creative expertise[?eksp?:?ti:z]...

如此丰富的创造性Un.专门技能

The city boasts[b??st]v.有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产）a wealth of beautiful churches.

这座城市拥有众多美丽的教堂

A:

Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound装订的notebook out of an envelope[?env?l ??p].

Tim Sparks从信封里取出了一本皮面笔记本

slide out of

The book’s yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire.

笔记本的纸页已经微微泛黄，它记载了在Kilworth, Leicestershire居住的已故的养蜂人Walter Coates从1941年到1969年间的养蜂记录

late

adj.已故的；已逝的；（尤指）新近去世的Y ou use late when you are talking about someone who is dead, especially someone who has died recently.

His growing pile[pa?l] of local journals

他那堆越来越多的地方日报

a pile of

“We’re uncovering about one major new record each month.”

“我们每个月都会发现一个新的记录”

uncover

v.揭露，发现（隐秘之事）If you uncover something, especially something that has been kept secret, you discover or find out about it.

Auditors[??:d?t?(r)] said they had uncovered evidence of fraud...

审计人员说他们已经发现了欺诈的证据

A specific plot to kill him was uncovered in the past couple of weeks.

一个针对他的暗杀阴谋在过去几周里被揭露了出来

v.发现，发掘（地下埋藏之物）When people who are digging somewhere uncover something, they find a thing or a place that has been under the ground for a long time.

Archaeologists[?ɑ:ki??l?d??st]have uncovered an 11,700-year-old hunting camp in Alaska[??l?sk?].

考古学家们在阿拉斯加发现了一个距今11,700年的狩猎营地

v.揭开…的盖子；除去…上的覆盖物To uncover something means to remove something that is covering it.

When the seedlings[?si:dl??]sprout[spra?t], uncover the tray[tre?].

秧苗发芽后，就把盘子上的盖子拿掉

When the first wood anemones[??nem?ni] flowered, the dates on which the oaks[??k] burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting.

银莲花第一次开花的时间、橡树抽芽的时间以及白嘴鸦开始筑巢的时间

burst into leaf or flower

（花、叶等）突然绽放，突然长出When plants burst into leaf or flower, their leaves or flowers suddenly open.

WRITTEN 笔语

...rows of wallflowers promising to burst into bloom.

一排排桂竹香含苞待放

Successive[s?k?ses?v]Marshams continued compiling[k?m?pa?l] these notes for 211 years.

Marsham家族一代代的后人们搜集这些资料长达211年

successive

adj.连续的;接连的;相继的Successive means happening or existing one after another without a break.

Jackson was the winner for a second successive year...

杰克逊已经是连续第二年获胜了

Britain was suffering from the failure of successive governments to co-ordinate a national transport policy.

接连几届政府都没能协调出一个全国性的交通运输政策，英国因此而深受其苦

compile

v.汇编;编制;编纂When you compile something such as a report, book, or programme, you produce it by collecting and putting together many pieces of information.

Councils were required to compile a register of all adults living in their areas...

各地政务委员会被要求编制一份该地区成年居民的名册

The book took 10 years to compile...

编这本书花了10年时间

B:

Ecologists interested in the timing of biological events or phenology[f??n?l?d?i]物候学

研究生物自然现象时间或者生态生物学的生态学者们

timing

Un.时机掌握;时间选择Timing is the skill or action of judging the right moment in a situation or activity at which to do something.

His photo is a wonderful happy moment caught with perfect timing...

他拍的照片时机掌握完美，记录下了动人的快乐瞬间

If your timing is right, you may be fortunate enough to stumble[?st?mbl] across a village festival.

如果你时机把握得好，你会幸运地撞上某个乡村节日

Un.时间安排Timing is used to refer to the time at which something happens or is planned to happen, or to the length of time that something takes.

The timing of the minister's visit, however, could somewhat detract[d??tr?kt] from the goodwill it's supposed to generate.

但是，部长访问的时间安排不当，可能会有损访问的善意，使其不能得到有效传达

a small band of researchers

一小部分研究者

Cn.-COLL （一）群；（一）帮；（一）伙A band of people is a group of people who have joined together because they share an interest or belief.

...a small but growing band of Japanese companies taking their first steps into American publishing.

数量不多、但仍在增长的一批初次涉足美国出版业的日本公司

And more systematic projects have also started up, producing an overwhelming[???v??welm??] response.

与此同时，更多系统性的工作也已经展开，并创造了惊人的成果overwhelming

adj.极强烈的；势不可挡的；令人不知所措的If something is overwhelming, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.

The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps...

如果将这个任务细分为简单易行的若干步骤来做，便不会感到如此无所适从She felt an overwhelming desire to have another child.

她一心想再要一个孩子

adj.（数量）巨大的，压倒性的You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.

The overwhelming majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months...

绝大多数小企业在头两年内就破产了

“The amount of interest is almost frightening.”

“让人感兴趣的信息量简直多得惊人！”

The number of youngsters involved in crime is frightening.

年轻人犯罪的人数多得骇人

the Center for Ecology[i?k?l?d?i] and Hydrology[ha??dr?l?d?i]

生态与水文研究中心

C:

“Closet[?kl?z?t] phenologists”

“橱柜里的生态生物学家们”

He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another.

现在他把大量的时间用来追寻这些历史数据，从一个材料到另一个材料

As news of his quest[kwest] spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phenologists come out of their closets.

这个消息不胫而走，其他人也不断给他提供一些类似材料的信息，越来越多的业余生态生物学家们也从他们的“橱柜”中走了出来

quest

Cn.(长期艰难的)追求，探索，寻找A quest is a long and difficult search for something.

My quest for a better bank continues.

我继续寻找一家更好的银行

...his quest to find true love...

他对真爱的不懈追寻

tip somebody off

给…通风报信;暗中告知If someone tips you off, they give you information about something that has happened or is going to happen.

Greg tipped police off on his car phone about a suspect drunk driver...

格雷格用他的汽车电话向警方报告了一个有酒后驾驶嫌疑的司机

He was arrested two days later after a friend tipped off the FBI.

他的一个朋友给美国联邦调查局报了信两天以后他就被捕了

magnolia [m?g?n??li?] tree

木兰花树

D:

Other researchers have unearthed[?n??:θ] data from equally odd sources.

其他研究人员也从这类独特的资源中发掘出了有价值的数据

unearth

v.发现；揭露If someone unearths facts or evidence about something bad, they

discover them with difficulty, usually because they were being kept secret or were being lied about.

Researchers have unearthed documents indicating her responsibility for the forced adoption of children...

调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收养儿童事件负有责任的文件

The frauds have been unearthed by investigators working for the Camden Health Authority.

这些欺诈行为已被卡姆登卫生局的调查人员揭露了出来

...the unearthing of a plot to assassinate[??s?s?ne?t] the President.

行刺总统的阴谋的曝光

v.发掘，挖掘（埋藏物）If someone unearths something that is buried, they find it by digging in the ground.

Fossil hunters have unearthed the bones of an elephant believed to be 500,000 years old.

化石搜集者们发掘出了一具大象骨骼，据信距今已有50万年

...saying that the treasure had been unearthed on his property...

称宝藏是在他家地里挖掘出来的

More human remains have been unearthed in the north.

北部又挖掘出了更多的人体遗骸

v.找到，发现（隐藏或丢失之物）If you say that someone has unearthed something, you mean that they have found it after it had been hidden or lost for some time.

From somewhere, he had unearthed a black silk suit...

他不知从哪里找来了一套黑色的丝绸衣服

Today I unearthed a copy of '90 Minutes' and had a chuckle[?t??kl] at your article.

今天我找到了一期《90分钟》杂志，读了你的文章咯咯笑了半天

Participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a specially erected[??rekt] wooden tripod[?tra?p?d] Cn.三脚架will fall through the surface of a thawing[θ?:] river.

这长度赛事在正在融化的河面上搭建一种特殊的三脚架，参与者要猜出她倒在河面上的精确时间

erect

v.建造;建筑;设置If people erect something such as a building, bridge, or barrier, they build it or create it.

FORMAL 正式

Opposition[??p??z??n]demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament[?pɑ:l?m?nt] building...

反对派示威者已经在通往国会大厦的道路上设置了路障

The building was erected in 1900-1901...

这座建筑建于1900到1901年间

We all unconsciously erect barriers against intimacy[??nt?m?si] Un..

我们都会无意中对他人的亲近、亲密有所设防

v.建立（体制);创建（机构);创立（理论）If you erect a system, a theory, or an

institution, you create it.

Japanese proprietors[pr??pra??t?(r)] are erecting a complex infrastructure[??nfr?str ?kt??(r)] of political influence throughout America...

日本商人、业主正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构

He erected a new doctrine[?d?ktr?n] of precedent[?pres?d?nt] n..

他创立了一套新的判例、先例、前例原则、信条、主义、学说、（尤指）宗教教义；(尤指政府外交政策的)正式声明

...the whole edifice[?ed?f?s]Cn. of free trade which has been erected since the Second World War.

第二次世界大战以来形成的整个自由贸易体系

thaw

v.(冰雪等)融化，融解，解冻When ice, snow, or something else that is frozen thaws, it melts.

It's so cold the snow doesn't get a chance to thaw...

天太冷了，雪根本化不了

The ground has thawed.

地面解冻了

Cn.(通常指冬末的)解冻时节，天气回暖期A thaw is a period of warmer weather when snow and ice melt, usually at the end of winter.

We slogged[sl?g] through the mud[m?d] of an early spring thaw.

我们在初春解冻时节的泥泞中艰难行进

v.(使)(冷冻食品)解冻，融化When you thaw frozen food or when it thaws, you leave it in a place where it can reach room temperature so that it is ready for use. Always thaw pastry[?pe?stri]thoroughly[?θ?r?li]...

每次都要保证油酥面团彻底解冻

The food in the freezer had thawed during a power cut.

冰箱里的食物在停电期间化开了

Thaw out means the same as thaw .

I remember to thaw out the chicken before I leave home.

我记着出门前把鸡肉化开

v.&Cn.(使)(关系)回暖，缓和，改善If something thaws relations between people or if relations thaw, they become friendly again after a period of being unfriendly.

At least this second meeting had helped to thaw the atmosphere...

这第二次会议至少起到了缓和气氛的作用

It took up to Christmas for political relations to thaw.

直到圣诞节政治关系才有所改善

His visit is one of the most striking[?stra?k??]adj.results of the thaw in relations between East and West.

他的访问是东西方关系缓和的最突出的、引人注目的、异乎寻常的、显著的成果之一

The competition has taken place annually on the Tenana River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five days earlier than it

did when the contest began.

在阿拉斯加Tenana河畔，这场比赛自1917年以来每年举办一届，通过研究这一比赛的结果可以发现，现在这条河流开始融化的日期比比赛诞生时早了5天

E:

a raft[rɑ:ft]Cn. of natural events

很多自然现象

the emergence[?'m?:d??ns]Un.出现;兴起of butterflies from hibernation

蝴蝶羽化期

emergence vs emergency

emergence

emergency

Cn.紧急事件;意外事件;（尤指）事故

Together with models of climate change, amateurs’records could help guide conservation[?k?ns??ve??n].

业余爱好者们的记录与气候变化模型可以帮助指导环境保护

conservation

Un.(对环境的)保护Conservation is saving and protecting the environment. ...a four-nation regional meeting on elephant conservation.

四国保护大象的地区性会议

...tree-planting and other conservation projects.

植树以及其他环保计划

Un.(对文物或艺术品的) 保护Conservation is saving and protecting historical objects or works of art such as paintings, sculptures, or buildings.

Then he began his most famous work, the conservation and rebinding of the Book of Kells...

之后他就开始了他最为出名的工作，即保护并重新装订《凯尔斯书》

Un.节约;防止浪费The conservation of a supply of something is the careful use of it so that it lasts for a long time.

...projects aimed at promoting energy conservation.

旨在促进节约能源的计划

...rules concerning the conservation of fishery resources.

有关保护渔业资源的规定

Terry Root has collected birdwatchers’counts of wildfowl[?wa?ldfa?l]Pn.taken between 1995 and 1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest.

Terry Root收集了1955年到1996年间鸟类观察者在美国中西部季节性池塘中所做的野禽记录、计数

Her analysis shows that the increased droughts[dra?t] that the models predict could halve[hɑ:v] the breeding populations at the ponds.

经他分析发现，未来干旱气候将会增加，这一预测结果意味着池塘附近生物的繁殖量将会减半

Halve

v.把…减半;减到一半When you halve something or when it halves, it is reduced to half its previous size or amount.

Dr Lee believes that men who exercise can halve their risk of cancer of the colon[?k??l?n]...

李医生相信，锻炼身体能使患结肠癌的风险降低一半

The work force has been halved in two years...

劳动力在两年里减少了一半

v.将…对半分;把…二等分If you halve something, you divide it into two equal parts.

Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside with a spoon.

将菠萝对半切开，用勺子挖出里面的果肉

the number of waterfowl[?w?:t?fa?l] Cn.-COLL

水禽数量

F:

an open snowdrop[?sn??dr?p]

雪花莲的开放

“The biggest concern with ad hoc[??d ?h?k]observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken.”

“特殊观察最重要的是如何细致并系统地进行”

ad hoc

adj.（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的An ad hoc activity or organization is done or formed only because a situation has made it necessary and is not planned in advance.

The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.

议会临时安排会议讨论问题

...ad hoc committees to examine specific problems.

研究具体问题的专门委员会

“I noted when the leaves came out.”

“我记录了叶子掉落的时间”

Measuring the onset[??nset] of autumn can be particularly problematic[?pr?bl??m?t?

k]because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjective[s?b?d?ekt?v] process than noting when they appear.

测量秋天的到来可能就很困难，因为确定叶子何时变黄比确定它什么时候发芽要主观得多

the onset of

Sn.（尤指不快之事的）开始，开端，肇始The onset of something is the beginning of it, used especially to refer to something unpleasant.

Most of the passes have been closed with the onset of winter...

冬天来临，大部分关口均已关闭

With the onset of war, oil prices climbed past $30 a barrel[?b?r?l].

战争一爆发，油价就攀过了每桶30美元

G:

“They get at the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world.”

“他们具有淳朴的科学力量：细致地观察了自然世界”

But the professionals also acknowledge[?k?n?l?d?]the need for careful quality control.

但是专家们也清楚需要仔细考量记录的质量

professional

acknowledge

Root, for example, tries to gauge[ɡe?d?] the quality of an amateur archive[?ɑ:ka?v] by interviewing its collector.

比如，Root就准备和记录收集者进行面谈，来检测一份民间记录的可靠性

archive

Cn.档案;史料;记录;档案馆The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can also use archives to refer to the place where archives are stored.

...the archives of the Imperial[?m?p??ri?l] War Museum...

帝国战争博物馆里的档案

I decided I would go to the Archive the next day and look up the appropriate issue.

我决定第二天去档案馆查找对应的问题

“You always have to worry—things as trivial[?tr?vi?l]as vacations can affect measurement. I disregard[?d?sr??gɑ:d] a lot of records because they’re not rigorous[?r ?g?r?s] enough.”

“你总是会担心——诸如度假之类的琐碎事情都会影响数据的准确性，我之所以有很多记录不采用，就是因为它们不够准确”

trivial

adj.琐碎的;不重要的;微不足道的If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious.

The director tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later...

主管试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些细枝末节的小事，可以稍后解决

I don't like to visit the doctor just for something trivial.

我不喜欢为一点小毛病就去看医生

v.&Un.不理会;不顾;漠视If you disregard something, you ignore it or do not take account of it.

rigorous

adj.(测试、系统或程序)严格的，严密的，缜密的A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.

The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.

选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试

...a rigorous system of blood analysis.

缜密的血液分析系统

...rigorous military training.

严格的军事训练

rigorously

...rigorously conducted research.

严格进行的研究

adj.一丝不苟的;严格的;谨慎的If someone is rigorous in the way that they do something, they are very careful and thorough.

He is rigorous in his control of expenditure.

他对支出控制得非常严格

The right statistics can iron[?a??n] out some of the problems with amateur data.

正确的统计数据可以消除民间记录的一些问题

iron out

解决;消除If you iron out difficulties, you resolve them and bring them to an end.

It was in the beginning, when we were still ironing out problems...

那是在刚开始,我们还在着力解决问题。

The various groups had now managed to iron out their differences.

各团体现在已努力消除了彼此间的分歧

create standardized['st?nd?da?zd] recording schemes for future efforts

为未来数据记录创建标准化的记录方案

They hope that well-designed studies will generate a volume[?v?lju:m] of observations large enough to drown[dra?n] out the idiosyncrasies[??di??s??kr?si] of individual recorders.

他们希望设计出好的研究方法并能在大部分观察数据中推广这些方法，从而消除个人记录者们记录方法上的差别

drown out

v.（把…）淹死，溺死When someone drowns or is drowned, they die because they have gone or been pushed under water and cannot breathe.

A child can drown in only a few inches of water...

儿童在只有几英寸深的水中就可能溺亡

Last night a boy was drowned in the river...

昨晚一名男孩在河里溺亡

He walked into the sea and drowned himself...

他投海自杀了

Dolphins have sometimes been known to save drowning swimmers.

据悉海豚有时会救溺水的游泳者

v.淹没（于…中）；置身（于…中）If you say that a person or thing is drowning in something, you are emphasizing that they have a very large amount of it, or are completely covered in it.

We were drowning in data but starved of information.

我们淹没在大量的数据中却找不到、极其缺乏、迫切需要有用的信息

...people who gradually find themselves drowning in debt...

渐渐发现自己债台高筑的人们

The potatoes were drowned in chilli.

马铃薯完全被辣椒盖住了

v.盖过,淹没(声音) If something drowns a sound, it is so loud that you cannot hear that sound properly.

Clapping drowned the speaker's words for a moment...

鼓掌声一度淹没了发言人的声音

The conversation was drowned by the arrival of the taxi.

到来的出租车的声音压过了谈话的声音

Drown out means the same as drown .

Their cheers drowned out the protests of demonstrators...

他们的欢呼声盖过了示威者的抗议声

Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.

她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没

drown one’s sorrows[?s?r??]

借酒浇愁If you say that someone is drowning their sorrows, you mean that they are drinking alcohol in order to forget something sad or upsetting that has happened to them.

idiosyncrasy

n.(个人特有的)癖好，嗜好;(物品的)特色，特点If you talk about the idiosyncrasies of someone or something, you are referring to their rather unusual habits or characteristics. Everyone has a few little idiosyncrasies...

每个人都有点小嗜好

The bike has style, it has looks, it has its little idiosyncrasies...

这辆自行车品质一流，外观漂亮，有一些细节之处与众不同

The book is a gem[d?em] of Victorian[v?k?t?:ri?n] idiosyncrasy.

这本书展现了维多利亚时代特色的精华

The data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadth[bredθ]in space, time and range of species.

这些数据收集起来成本低廉，却能够提供空间、时间、物种范围等广泛的资料breadth

Un.宽度The breadth of something is the distance between its two sides.

The breadth of the whole camp was 400 paces.

整个营地的宽度为400步

Un.广度；广泛性The breadth of something is its quality of consisting of or involving many different things.

Older people have a tremendous breadth of experience...

年长者阅历相当丰富

His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration.

他学识渊博，令我非常钦佩

the length and breadth of the area/country/land etc.

到处；处处If you say that someone does something or something happens throughout or across the length and breadth of a place, you are emphasizing that

it happens everywhere in that place.

The group built their reputation by playing across the length and breadth of North America...

这个乐队通过到北美各地演出打响了知名度

She has travelled the length and breadth of Britain.

她游历了英国各地

“It’s very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale without enlisting[?n?l?st] an army of observers.”

“没有观察者们的帮助，在广大的地理范围内收集数据是非常困难的”

enlist

v.（使）参军;（使）入伍If someone enlists or is enlisted, they join the army, navy, marines, or air force.

Michael Hughes of Lackawanna, Pennsylvania, enlisted in the 82nd Airborne 20 years ago...

来自宾夕法尼亚州拉克万纳的迈克尔·休斯20年前参军，在第82空降师服役He enlisted as a private in the Mexican War...

在墨西哥战争中他参军成为一名二等兵

Three thousand men were enlisted...

3,000名男子应征入伍

He decided to enlist.

他决定参军

vt.取得，赢得（帮助）If you enlist the help of someone, you persuade them to help or support you in doing something.

I had to cut down a tree and enlist the help of seven neighbours to get it out of the garden!...

我不得不砍掉一棵树，并叫来7位邻居帮忙把树抬出花园！

I've read that you've enlisted some 12-year-olds to help out in your campaign...

我读到你让一些12岁的孩子在宣传活动中做帮手

The prince has also enlisted his two daughters in the effort to avoid the press.

亲王还借助他的两个女儿来躲避媒体

an army of

Cn.-COLL大批;大群An army of people, animals, or things is a large number of them, especially when they are regarded as a force of some kind.

...data collected by an army of volunteers.

由大批志愿者收集的资料

...armies of shoppers looking for bargains.

成群的寻找便宜货的购物者

...the army of television cameras outside his house.

装在他家外面的大量的电视摄像机

H:

Phenology also helps to drive home messages about climate change.

生态生物学也能帮助公众理解气候变化方面的信息

rat infestations[??nfe'ste??n]

鼠灾

cockroach infestation

蟑螂成灾

“People are thrilled[θr?ld] to think that the data they’ve been collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientific—it empowers[?m?pa??(r)] them.”

“人们乐于看到他们因为爱好而收集的数据具有科学实用价值——这会让他们更有动力”

thrilled

adj.欣喜若狂的;非常开心的If someone is thrilled, they are extremely pleased about something.

I was so thrilled to get a good report from him...

收到他的好消息让我欣喜若狂

empower

v.授权；给予…权力If someone is empowered to do something, they have the authority or power to do it.

FORMAL 正式

The army is now empowered to operate on a shoot-to-kill basis...

军队得到授权,在行动中可以开枪射杀

His position does not empower him to cite[sa?t] our views without consultation[?k?nsl?te??n].

他的地位并没有给予他不经许可、磋商、咨询就引用我们观点的权力

v.给予…力量；使有能力(实现…) To empower someone means to give them the means to achieve something, for example to become stronger or more successful.

Empowering the underprivileged[??nd??pr?v?l?d?d] lies in assuring them that education holds the real source of power...

帮助贫困人民就要让他们相信教育是真正的力量源泉

What I'm trying to do is to empower people, to give them ways to help them get well.

我现在努力做的就是帮助人们，引他们过上好日子

underprivileged

adj.贫困的；弱势的Underprivileged people have less money and fewer possessions and opportunities than other people in their society.

...helping underprivileged children to learn to read.

帮助贫困儿童读书识字

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介词： 1. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, ad well as giving them an adva ntage in terms of cop ing with the challe nges of sude nt life. 2. The children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention becaause working parents do not have time for this, but in more material way. 3. I find myself in complete agreement with them with regard to experiment for new medici ne. 4. Physical punishments damaging the health of children should be dealt with accord ing to laws regardi ng child abuse and physical assult. 5. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. 举例、列举 6. Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emaili ng frie nds, it is no substitute for huma n in teract ion. 7. There are plenty of well-made TV programmes that provide viewers with information on such diverse topics as history, scienee, medicine, foreign Ianguages and econo mics. 8. Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when compring these super salaries with those of top surgeois or research scie ntisi, or eve n lead ing politicians who have the resp on sibility of gover ning the coun try.（直接列举） 9. In spite of all this, there are certain occasions when letter are still the number one choice. The weddi ng in vitati on s always seem more formal and sin cere if handwritten; holidy cards with ink will often delight us more; and a carefully written love letter may intrigue or move your beloved one more easily.（排比） 进行释义 10. Tale nt is what disti nguishes a pers on who has bee n trained to play a sport or in strume nt, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill tha n a lear ned tech niq ue. 11. Overall, I th ink the ability to keep a clear perspective in life is a more esse ntial factor in achiev ing happ in ess. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is improta nt in our lives and what is not. （or） more percisely/ i.e./ that is to say/ or rather 12. This is a poem about death, or more precisely, dying. 13. Some poems are mnemonics, I.e. they are designed to help you remember somethi ng. 14. Some poems are mnemonics, that is to say, they are designed to help you remember somethi ng. Using fertilisers too much may damage people ' s health. According to some research by agricultural scientists, a large proportion of common diseases troubing the elderly result from the excessive chemical residue contained in the food they con sume everyday. 度的把握 1. If they could raise them to be con siderate of others and to be social, resp on sible in dividual s, the whole com mun ity would ben efit. 2. High quality nursery schoobcould be established that would surpport familemore in terms of raising

9分达人 精品词汇

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deductive defeated define definition denote departure derector description despite devotion director discredit disregard distribution diversity dramatic dramatically drown ecologist eespecially elderly emergence empower enlist enormous enormously entangle entangled enthusiasm envelope erected estate exact exceed exceptional excess executive faithfully figure finding fitting flood formula foundation frightening further

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人。作为教师，我们教育学生的时候不单单只教他们掌握知识，更重要的是要让他们学会如何做人，明白做人的道理。只有这样才能教出品德高尚，成绩优异的好学生。 《论语》，孔子智慧之精华，他告诉了我们怎样做人，怎样处事。我们作为教师，要有一颗平常心孜孜不倦地追求，去做好我们每天该做的事情，在平凡的岗位上实现我们不平凡的人生价值。 论语读书笔记篇2论语是孔子写的一本名著，分别有二十篇，第一篇是学而第一、第二篇是为政第二、第三篇是八佾第三…… 今天我读了第一篇学而第一，心里有很多感受。其中有一段使我觉得很有道理，这句话就是“子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎?” 意思是：孔子说：“学了后，时时去温习它，不也很高兴吗?有志同道合者从远方来共学，不也很快乐吗?别人不了解自己的才能，却不抱怨，不也算得上君子吗?”最让我深刻感受的句子，就是第这一句。 我觉得这句话正好指明了我的缺点，我也要感谢这句话，让我知道了如何改正。以前我总是学了的东西就扔在一边不管了，而如今知道了学完的东西要时时去温习才行。而且就是因为这个问题才让我几次考试没得满分。

文献阅读笔记模板

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文献1 阅读时间：2017 年9 月11 日 序号项目内容 1 论文题目“社区化”理念在城市居住区规划中的应用 2 作者/ 时间倪梅生储金龙/2013.02 3 文献来源中国知网/ 《城乡规划》期刊 4 文献级别核心刊物：国家级 社区是城市中的一个人文和空间复合单元，社区规划旨在创造一 个环境优美、方便舒适、安全卫生的居住生活环境，完整意义上 5 研究内容 的社区规划还应考虑发展动力源、社区类型、规划过程、人群需 求特征。本文将研究如何将社区规划的相关理念、方法运用居住 区规划中。 研究方法 通过与传统模式下的居住区规划进行比较，得出“社区化”理念 6 下的城市居住区规划具有经济、社会、生态可持续发展等优点，及思路 并以合肥市大圩新市镇南片区控制性详细规划为例进行验证。 7 研究创新从城市社区体系结构组织、交通组织、公共空间组织、社区资源 配置四个角度探讨居住区规划模式。 “社区化”理念引入城市居住区规划，一方面使得社区规划的相 关理念和方法在城市居住区中得以体现，提高了社区规划的可实 施性；另一方面使得在城市居住区规划过程中，能够更多的注入 8 研究结论 人文关怀，体现对人性交往的关注，塑造亲切宜人的城市空间尺 度感，在一定意义上解决了相关社会问题。“社区化”理念下的城 市居住区规划是一项重要的综合工程，需要相关部门的配合和相 关规划的整合，意义深远。 10 文献价值高 简要评述： “社区化”是将社区规划的相关理念、方法运用到城市规划中解决当前城市社会问题的一种

科学理念。社区规划旨在创造一个环境优美、方便舒适、安全卫生的居住生活环境，完整意

义上的社区规划还应考虑发展动力源、社区类型、规划过程、人群需求特征。“社区化”是一个动态过程，指运用社区规划的理念、原则和方法进行规划、建设和管理社区的实践过程。“社区化”理念下的城市居住区规划，即将社区规划的相关理念、方法融入居住区规划，并以此为依据，科学合理指导城市居住区建设。通过科学创新的研究方法，并对实地项目的考察研究为例进行验证，得出了“社区化”理念对于居住区规划具有巨大的良好效果。本文也 对于居住区“社区化”建设具有指向性的意义。