最新中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）

◆定义

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。

主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

◆被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

◆被动语态的时态：

“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：

◆主动语态变被动语态的方法

第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。

第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。

第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：

主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.

被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.

随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）

1.Bruce writes a letter every week.

→

2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.

→

3.We grow trees every spring.

→

4.My mother cleans our room every morning.

→

补充：

①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。

用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….

用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……

to him by Mary.

for her by her father.

随堂演练：

（1）He gave me a book.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

（2）My father bought me a new bike.

→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)

→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

②S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

→

补充：

在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。

使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）

I saw him play football on the playground just now.

→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.

随堂演练：

1. We saw them _______(play) football.

They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.

2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.

She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.

另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。

I can hear him singing.

He ________ _______ ______ _______.

被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句

The photos were taken in Japan.

①(改为否定句)

②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）

◆被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

My bike was stolen yesterday.

(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。

The pen was used by my father.

【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。

◆被动语态注意点

含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。

She took good care of her grandmother.

→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.

随堂演练

1.People often talk about that film.

That film is often talked ______.

2.He looks after me very well.

I ________________________________.

3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.

The sick man __________________.

4. We should speak to the old people politely.

The old people should _______________politely.

主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)

a)某些连系动词: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。

The music ________(听起来) interesting.

b)说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。

grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）

随堂演练

1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.

2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass ______ easily.(容易碎)

3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)

4. That book is sold here. It ________/_______well. (卖得好) (读起来好)

5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _______well. (洗起来好)

6. I like eating the food. And it ______ well (吃起来好)

7. He _______by a car yesterday. Now, his head _________(疼)badly.

c)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，

通常主动表被动。

d)need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式

表达被动意义。

need doing sth = need to be done

want doing sth = want to be done

require doing sth = require to be done

be worth doing sth 值得被做某事

My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。

我的旧自行车需要修一下。

随堂演练

My clothes need ___________ (wash).

The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.

The house needs __________(repair).

表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to

随堂演练

1. In summer, leaves ________(落下) .

2. His car ________(抛锚了)on the way here.

3. An accident _____(发生) and he _____(死了).

4. Great changes __________(发生) over the years.

5. A big cloud ________(出现) when the sun _______(消失).

6. Our teacher told us the sun ________(升起) in the east.

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读下列材料，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。

D

One year, a college in the United States announced that it would offer a lot of money for the pure white marigold(金盏花). The high reward attracted so many people, but in the nature, besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one. So after they were excited for a time, many people had forgotten the announcement.

One normal day after 20 years, the college received a letter and 100 seeds of pure white marigold. It was an old woman of over 70 years old. Some experts in the college doubted it, but in order not to let her down, those seeds finally took root (根）in the earth. The miracle appeared after one year; the field was covered by pure white marigold.

Therefore, the old woman who was always unknown to the public became a new focus.

The old woman was a flower-lover. When she read the announcement 20 years ago, she got very excited like others. But her eight children were totally against her decision. After all, a woman who never knew the seed genetics(遗传学) couldn't complete what the experts could never do, so her thought was only a day dream.

Still, the old woman didn't change her mind and went on working. She planted some of the most common seeds and took good care of them. A year later, when the marigold came out, she chose one faintest(最暗淡的) from those golden and brown flowers and got the best seed. The next year, she again grew them and chose ...Day after day, year after year, through many

seasons, the old woman's husband died, her children flew far, a lot of things happened in her life, but only the wish to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart.

Finally, after 20 years on the day we all know, in the garden she saw a marigold, which was nearly white, but as white as silver or snow.

A problem even experts couldn't deal with was solved by an old woman who didn't understand genetics. Was it a miracle (奇迹）?

To take root in the heart, even the most common seed, can grow into a miracle!

（1）According to the passage, _____ marigold is unusual.

A. white

B. purple

C. brown

D. golden

（2）It can be learned from the passage that ______.

A. the children didn't agree on their mother's decision

B. the woman needed the great reward for her big family

C. the experts also succeeded in growing the white marigold

D. the woman took good care of the flowers instead of her family

（3）The woman successfully grew the white marigold at last because she______.

A. was luckier than experts

B. put her heart into flowers

C. got support from her family

D. studied the seed genetics well

（4）The passage mainly talks about_______.

A. the difficulties of getting the white marigold

B. the possibility of going beyond experts

C. the unforgettable development of marigold

D. the importance of holding on to dreams

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文通过一个70多岁的老妇人历时20年终于培育出纯白色金盏花的故事告诉我们，只要坚守希望和梦想，奇迹就会发生。

⑴推理判断。white白色；purple紫色；brown棕色；golden金色。根据第一段but in the nature, besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one可知自然界中除了金色的金盏花之外只有棕色的，找到白色的很难。故选A。

⑵细节理解。根据第四段But her eight children were totally against her decision可知她的八个孩子完全反对她的决定。故选A。

⑶推理判断。根据第五段but only the wish to grow the pure white marigold took root in her heart可知只有种出纯白色金盏花的希望在她心里扎下根。故选B。

⑷主旨大意。本文通过一个20年的努力终于种出了白色金盏花的事说明只要坚守希望和梦想，奇迹就会发生。故选D。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

2．阅读理解

Good Neighbours

Mr. and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy. Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.

One day, Joe saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden. Jo's sisters were playing in the snow there. They were throwing snowballs and having a lot of fun. But Laurie's face was very sad.

"Poor boy!" Jo thought. "He's all alone. He needs some friends." She couldn't stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, but how could she go to the house without an invitation?

Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie's grandpa go out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitchen.

"What are you going to do, Jo?" asked her sister Meg.

"To clear the garden path." Answered Jo.

When Laurie saw Jo from the window, a big smile changed his pale, sad face.

Jo laughed and shouted, "How are you? Are you ill?"

Laurie opened the window and said," I'm better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay inside for a week".

"I'm sorry," said Jo. "Are you bored?"

"Yes, very." he replied.

"Don't your friends come to visit you?"

"No. But I don't want to see anybody. Boys are noisy and they give me a headache."

"Girls are quiet."

"I don't know any girls."

"You know us."

"That's true! Can you come and visit me?" cried Laurie.

"I'm not quiet, but I'd like to come," replied Jo. "I must ask Mother first." She ran back into her house.

A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of Laurie's house. A servant took her upstairs.

"Here I am!" she said brightly. "Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange (牛奶冻) for you."

"That looks delicious," Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.

Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves.

"A nice room!" she said. "I can read to you if you like."

"No, let's talk," replied Laurie.

"All right," said Jo, "I can talk for hours. My sisters say I never know when to stop."

"You have three sisters—Amy, Beth and Meg." Laurie continued.

"How do you know this?" Jo was surprised.

"You call each other's names when you are in the garden. Sometimes I can see you all around the table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like looking at her. I haven't got a mother."

Jo felt sad when she heard this.

"Why don't you come and visit us?" she said, "It isn't good for you to stay in this house all the time."

"Thank you. I'd like to come very much." Said Laurie.

"We know all our neighbours except you." Jo said, "I'm glad we're friends now."

She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said," Besides(除了……之外)

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The bookhad been borrowedwhen I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转换 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接、直接宾语+其他

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一、选择题 1．Both Lily and Lucy ______________to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all. A．agreed B．sent C．were called D．were invented 2．His plays by millions of people. A．read B．will read C．are read D．is read 3．It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A．used for B．will be used up C．used up D．will be used for 4．Han Han’s books are popular. They ___________ by many teenagers now . A．is read B．was read C．are read D．were read 5．Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________ in a short time. A．can learn B．need learn C．can be learned D．need be learned 6．—Where did you go last night? —I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party. A．asked B．am asked C．have been asked D．was asked 7．This book_______by a lot of young people today. A．reads B．are reading C．is read 8．—The park is the oldest one in our city. —Yes. it _______ when I was sixteen years old. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 9．-Hey, Molly, You______ o n the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number. -Oh? I was in the library. A．wanted B．are wanted C．were wanted D．have wanted 10．May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．has invited 11．We hope that more trees________in our city next year. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．will be planted 12．— What tools ________ to make paper cutting? — Scissors and paper. A．are used B．used C．will use 13．--- Mom, where is my model plane? --- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A．is lent B．lends C．was lent D．lent 14．The flowers ________ every day, or they will die. A．must water B．can be watered C．should water D．must be watered

初中被动语态详细讲解

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式 的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many p eople speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make t he bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made b y them in the factory.

初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义

初中被动语态详细讲 解

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例 如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语 就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。

最新初中英语被动语态

一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成.) 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词 I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词 This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will/shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being＋及物动词的过去分词. A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词 he meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词 His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法 一般来说,在我们日常生活中,能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态.只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁. 1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了. 2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年. 3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打 2.没不要说出动作的执行者是谁. 1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了 2).China was founded in 1949. 3.不愿意说出动作的执行者,其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等.在这种情况下,有时常用一些句式,如It is said that…（据说……）,It is reported that …（据报道）,It is well known that（众所周知……）It is supposed that（据推测说, It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议等等. It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人. It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） 4.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者. 1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的. 2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的. 3).Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成. 注：使用被动语态的情况口诀：动作谁做的不知道,谁说出的不必要.接受动作需强调,用被动语态最为妙. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语. 2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).

初中英语被动语态的讲解

初中英语被动语态的讲解 定义：英语中有两重语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。 规则：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。第一，助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化，第二，助动词be 要随着时态的变化而变化。 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 3）shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 4）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here． 5）was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 6）should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 7）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 8）had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July. 2．被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词，否定句主语+be not+过去分词，一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词，特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。 3.被动语态的特殊形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 双宾语结构。主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

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初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编附解析(1)

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