英汉翻译被动与主动

之前总结过英汉翻译宏观上的句法差异主要有10点：

1.英语重结构，汉语重语义。

2.英语多长句，汉语多短句。

3.英语多从句，汉语多分句。

4.英语多静态，汉语多动态。英语多物称，汉语多人称。

5.英语多被动，汉语多主动。

6.英语多变化，汉语多重复。

7.英语多抽象，汉语多具体。

8.英语多引申，汉语多推理。

9.英语多省略，汉语多补充。

10.英语多前重，汉语多后重。

英语中被动语态

（1）为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性

?我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。

?National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.

（2）便于上下文的连贯、衔接。

?他出现在台上，观众给与热烈鼓掌。

?He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

（3）为了使措辞得当、语气委婉

?来宾请出示入场券。

?Visitors are requested to show their tickets.

Assignment 7

Passive vs. Active

As we have mentioned in the previous units, the passive voice is extensively used in English, while Chinese sentences are usually active. 有些含有被动语体的习惯用语需要记忆：it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．) Exercise:

英语多被动（正式文体的要求），汉语多主动。

1.他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。

I was surprised that he is ready to give me a job.

2. 很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。

?I’m sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain

3.采取一国两制适合中国国情, 并非权宜之计。

One country, two systems which is taken is suitable for China's national conditions, not shake-up.

4.那个孩子受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。

The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital.

5.凡是做工，都是把能从一种形式转换成另一种形式。

All work can be converted from one form into another kind of form.

英语被动翻译成汉语的主动形式。

1.保留原主语，被动变主动。

The ticket has been sold out. 票卖完了。

2.将英语中的主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性词语，如“人

们”“大家”等做主语。

it is admitted that, it is asserted that, it is believed that, it is claimed that, it is felt that, it is found out that , it is asserted that, it is noticed that, it is pointed out that, it is regarded that , it is stressed that, it is suggested that, It is thought that. (人们承认，有人主张，有人相信，有人认为，人们发现，大家知道，人们注意到，有人指出，人们认为，有人会说，有人强调，有人建议，有人认为，人们曾说．．．)

3.翻译为汉语的无主句。

It is hoped that…希望…

It is supposed that…据推测…

4.翻译为汉语中的判断句，是…的。

Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.

自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。

5.翻译为汉语的被动句，汉语——被，给，遭到，受到，把，

使，用，唯…所，由…

He was left in the cold. 他遭到冷遇。

I was troubled by toothache. 我受尽了牙疼的折磨。

6.动词不定式的被动形式做定语时，通常表示按计划或要求表

示的动作，含有将来的意思。“要”“将”“待”“应”“需”等词。

The chief difficulty to be overcome in aviation is the supply of oil while in the air.

航空中，要克服的主要困难是空中加油问题。