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初中英语语法大全 句子种类

初中英语语法大全 句子种类
初中英语语法大全 句子种类

初中英语语法大全-句子的种类

按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类:

陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。

陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。

疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

图解语法

1. 陈述句

说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句

特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody等。

另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。

2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句

①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。

例句:

Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you?

Don’t be late again, will you?

②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式

例句:

What fine weather, isn’t it?

How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she?

③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?”

例句:

I'm working now, aren’t I?

④陈述部分主语是everything,nothing,anything或something 时,疑问句主语用it

例句:

Something is wrong with my radio, isn’t it?

Nothing is difficult, is it?

⑤陈述部分的主语是somebody, nobody, everybody, anybody, no one,none, neither 时,疑问句的主语用they

例句:

Everyone is here, aren’t they?

No one knows about it, do they?

⑥陈述部分的主语是:

1) this或that时,问句的主语用it

2) these或those时,问句主语用they

3) there be句时,反意疑问句中用there

例句:

This is a plane, isn’t it?

These are grapes, aren’t they?

There was a hospital here, wasn’t there?

⑦陈述部分的主语是one时,问句的主语可用one,也可用you (美语用he)

例句:

One should be ready to help others, shouldn’t one?

⑧陈述句中有few, seldom, never hardly,not,rarely,no,nobody,too…to等时,疑问句部分用肯定结构;如由前后缀构成否定词,疑问句部分仍用否定结构

例句:

He is never late for school, is he?

You got nothing from him, did you?

It is useless, isn’t it?

⑨陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,疑问句的主语用it

例句:

What you need is more important, isn’t it?

⑩陈述部分由think, believe, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句:

1) 主语是第一人称时,问句与从句的主谓语一致

2) 主语是其他人称,问句与主句的主谓语一致

例句:

I think he will come, won’t he?

I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he?

He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he?

? have是实义动词时,疑问句用助动词do,does,did;have 是助动词,则不然

例如:

They had a meeting just now, didn’t they?

She’s been to many places of interest, hasn’t she?

? 陈述部分有have /has /had to 时,疑问句要用助动词的否定形式

例句:

You have to water the vegetables now, don’t you?

? 陈述部分有had better时,疑问句中用hadn’t

刘局:

We had better go to school at once, hadn’t we?

? 陈述部分有must:

1) 作“一定;必须”解释时,疑问句用mustn’t或needn’t;

2) 表示推测,作“一定是;必定”解释时,疑问句需根据其后的动词原形选用相应的形式;

3) 对过去动作推测时,问句的助动词用did或have;

4) 对过去的状态推测时,问句的be用was

例句:

He must work hard at physics, mustn’t he?

You must go to Guangzhou, needn’t you?

You mustn’t smoke here, must you?

Tom must be at home, isn’t he?

She must have finished her work, hasn’t/didn’t she?

He must have been a policeman, wasn’t he?

? 陈述部分有ought to,used to,疑问句要用 shouldn’t,usedn’t / didn’t

例句:

Jill used to be a teacher, usedn’t / didn’t she?

? 陈述句部分是复合句时,疑问句的主语和助动词要与主句一致

例句:

He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he?

特别提示:反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定问句”时,如回答内容是肯定的,用“Yes+肯定结构”,反之,用“No+否定结构”。译成汉语时,要将“Yes”译成“不是”,“No”译成“是的”。

例如:

— You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吗?

— Yes, I will. 不,我会离开很久。 (事实是会离开很久)

— No, I won’t. 是的,我不会离开很久。 (事实是不会离开很久)

Let’s go home, shall we? 回家吧,好吗?(包括说话人)

Let me have a try, will you? 让我试一试,行吗?(不包括说话人)

注意判别:'s是has和is与主语的缩略形式,'d是would和had与主语的缩略形式。

例如:

He’s going to play basketball, isn’t he?

She’s been to Beijing many times, hasn’t she?

You’d better tell him about it at once, hadn’t you?

They’d like something delicious to eat, wouldn’t they?

5. 祈使句

表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等的句子,常省略主语you,句首用动词原形。

①肯定祈使句:动词原形+其他成分,如:Listen to me carefully.

②否定祈使句:Don’t (never)+动词原形+其他成分,如:

Don’t be late for class next time.

Don’t do that again.

Never leave today’s work for tomorrow.

③ Let引导的祈使句 Let +第一、三人称+(not)动词原形,表示建议做某事,如:

Let me try again.

Let Jack wait a minute.

④祈使句的强调语气 Do+动词原形+其他成分,如:

Do come back at once!

Do be careful.

⑤祈使句的特殊形式:

1) No+名词/动名词+其他

2) None+of介词短语

3) 祈使句+and+简单句,表示“如果……就……”

4) 祈使句+or+简单句,表示“……否则……”

5) 在祈使句后面,加一个问句,使语气更加委婉

例句:

No smoking! 请勿吸烟!

None of your nonsense!

Go down the street, and you’ll see a cinema. 沿着这条街走,你就会看到一家电影院。

Be quick, or we’ll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。

Don’t tell anyone, will you? 不要告诉任何人,好吗?

6. 感叹句

表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫作感叹句。感叹句的主谓语可以省略,句末用感叹号“!”,常用what或how来引导。what 修饰名词,how 修饰形容词、副词。

初中英语句子分类练习

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初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—并列连词的分类汇编及答案

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中考英语语法复习:句子的种类 句子的种类 一、知识要点 句子就是具有一定的语法结构和语调,用来表达一个比较统统的独立意义结构。句子开头第一个字母要大写,句子末尾要有标点符号。 句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1.陈述句:用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。分为肯定句和否定句两种类型。 肯定句:They often go to school on foot.他们通常步行去上学。 否定句:My father doesn’t watch TV at home after supper.我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。 2.疑问句:用来提出疑问的句子。分为大凡疑问句、分外疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种类型。 ①大凡疑问句:能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫大凡疑问句,肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。 大凡疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+表语+……?或者是:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+……? -Are you a teacher?你是老师吗? -Yes, I am.是的,我是。/-No, I am not.不,我不是。 —Does your mother go shopping on Sunday?你妈妈星期天购物吗?-Yes, she does.是的,她经常去购物。/-No, she doesn’t.不,她不经常去购物。 —Must we go at once?我们必须立刻走吗? —Yes, we must.是的,必须走。/—No, we needn’t.不,没有必要。

注意:大凡疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so(我想是的),all right(好吧) certainly not(当然不是), notat all(一点也不), never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。 ②分外疑问句:用来对句子的某一分外部分提问的句子叫分外疑问句。分外疑问句大凡用降调。其结构是:分外疑问词+大凡疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No,要根据询问的内容详尽回答。 -Where were you at that time?那时你在哪里?I was at home.我在家。 常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。 Who is your teacher?谁是你的老师?(指人,作主语) Whom did you telephone to just now?你刚才给谁打电话?(指人,作宾 语)Whose coat is this?这是谁的大衣?(作定语) Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语) What class are you in?你在几班?(指物,作定语) When will you arrive?你什么时候到?(提问时间) Where has he gone?他去了哪里?(提问地点) Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?(提问原因) How do you often go to school?你经常怎么去上学? (提问方式) How far is it from your house to your school? (how far提问距离) How often does he go to the French club?他多长时间去一次法语俱乐 部?(howoften提问频率)

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小学英语语法句子的种类

句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答,实际情况是肯定的,就用yes。否定的就用no.

小学英语一般疑问句,否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句: 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,放在最前面, 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,句前加Did,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是,则句前加Do,其余照抄。 改为否定句: 方法和上面一样, 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,再后加not,其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,人后加didn’t,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是,则人后加don’t,其余照抄 对划线部分提问: ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分,②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 (注:如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄;如划线部分为动词或动词短语,则用do代替,句前加what,再改为一般疑问句)例如: He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、 宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. (动词短语) 2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成; 例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

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