现代大学英语5 第八课 仅仅不错

现代大学英语课文译文V-8

仅仅不错而已

杰里米·伯恩斯坦

1．早在1981年．我收到过一份请柬，邀请我在宾西法尼亚州特拉华河沿岸过新泽西不远的某地召开的一次作家年会上做讲座。我记不起确切的地点了，查看地图后我认为大概是在新望市。我最开始的想法是拒绝。理由很多。首先我住在纽约，担任全职教学任务．周末对我来说很珍贵。一想到为做个讲座周六天没亮就起床,驾着租来的车穿过整个新泽西州，实在不情愿。我记得给的讲课费几乎不够行程所需的花费。另外,让我讲的题目实际上已经不再是我的兴趣所在了。我边写作边搞物理学研究，经常有人让我讲讲两者之间的联系。人们一开始提问的时候，我觉得是值得讲一讲。可是过了20年,我觉得惟一想要说的就是搞物理学和搞写作都极其困难，尤其是在你想两全其美的情况下。

2．大会的主题好像集中在诗歌上,于是我想起罗伯特·奥本海默过去自我介绍时的一件事。由于奥本海默将在以下的故事中扮演重要的角色,我讲得详细点。1925年奥本海默从哈佛毕业后，获得研究员的资格到欧洲学习。在英国他的神经出了点儿毛病，度过了一段不愉快的时光之后，他去德国攻读博士学位。在哥廷根．他师从着名的德国理论物理学家马克思·伯恩,并于1927年他23岁时获得了学位。伯恩去世后对奥本海默的回忆录l975年出版,书中没有赞扬之词。他写道，奥本海默“是伟大的天才，我从一件令人尴尬并惹麻烦的事上意识到他多么与众不同。在上我的量子力学讨论课时，他经常打断别人的演讲,不管这个人是谁，连我在内，然后跨上讲台,拿起粉笔，说道：‘用下面的方法这道题可以做得更好。”’实际上,研讨课上他的同学烦得要求伯恩制止这样的事情再次发生。

3．量子力学在此前一年由欧文·施罗丁格、沃纳·海森伯格和保罗·迪拉克创造。第二年,迪拉克到哥廷根做客,碰巧住在一位名叫加里奥的物理学家的大房子里,奥本海默也住在那里。迪拉克当时25岁。两个年轻人成了朋友----此前还没有人能和迪拉克建立友谊。迪拉克虽然年轻,可当时已经是了不起的物理学家了,我想他本人知道这一点。也许他对此并不在意。然而，他从前是个谜，现在也是个谜。他很少说话,可是一但开口，他的话往往极为精确，而且常常有压倒一切的威力。这在当时一定对奥本海默产生了深刻的影响。还在奥本海默打断伯恩的讲座，声称他可以运用量子理论计算得更精确的时候,只比他年长两岁的迪拉克已经发掘了这个课题。无论当时情形如何,那时两个人经常一块散步。在据说是奥本海默自己讲的那个故事说法中，事情是这样叙述的：那天傍晚他们正在环城墙上散步,讨论起奥本海默的诗歌来。可以想像，这种“讨论”更像奥本海默的独白。迪拉克突然打断奥本海默的话，问道：“你怎么能够又写诗又搞物理学?物理学让人们明白从前不知的道理，可是诗歌……”奥本海默意在让人们想像后半句话的内容。尽管听听人们对此如何应答会很有意思,可是这样的段子在以诗歌为主题的年会上讲恐怕不合时宜。

11．虽然有了以上那些冠冕堂皇的不去的理由,可是有两条最终还是让我启程了。第一条是我刚刚同一位极其热衷于写作的年轻女士坠人情网。为了写作她甚至放弃了在一家广告公司收入颇丰的职位，仅靠积蓄生活,在一年的时间里全身心地投入写作。这么做的确勇气可嘉，可是像许多尝试过的人一样,她感觉目前举步维艰,毫无进展。事实上,她已经有了挫折感。为了给她打气,我建议参加这个会,以便有机会结识一些同类人。这个先不说，我还读到会议议程上的另一位导师将由斯带芬·斯彭德担当。这个最终决定的原因我会在这里解释。首先我得说我其实并不欣赏斯彭德的诗。对我来说，他是那种人们对他们作品的评价比这些人的作品本身来的更有意思的那类人。不过我很有兴致地拜读过斯彭德的自传《世界包容的世界》，尤其是其中谈到了一位我最欣赏的诗人，即W·H·奥登。奥登有迪拉克的清晰敏捷，对语言驾驭纯熟，能从严肃呆板中找出幽默。“至少我的大作将妙趣横生．犹如英国主教涉足量子理论”---这样的诗句我简直爱不释手。斯彭德对奥登的情结让我着迷。奥登对于斯

彭德来说一定跟迪拉克对于奥本海默一样，永远提醒人们“伟大”与“仅仅不错”之间有怎样的区别。让人难以理解的是，与奥本海默一样，斯彭德也有些“漂移不定”。某种程度上是犹太教信徒，某种程度上搞点同性恋，某种程度上又是英国当权派中的重要角色，真不知道他还有没有时间用来写诗。而奥登和迪拉克则不然，他们举止极其怪异，很自然就把自己与他人隔离开来。他们像激光一样目标集中。在1981年那个当时我所不知的是----这是我直到1986年斯彭德的日志发表以后才知晓的----斯彭德曾于1956年11月短期造访普林斯顿的高级研究院，早我一年，比迪拉克多次访问中的一次早两年。

5．斯彭德在日志中对他本人的那次造访的记载所提到的事和没有提到的事都同样引起我的兴趣。一开始他就说道“奥本海默的房子非常漂亮．房子内部几乎全部漆成白色。”这就是高级研究院主任的房子。斯彭德没有注意到的是，正是由于奥本海默与西方渊源至深，他的庭院里还怪怪地有一匹马。斯彭德接着写道：“奥本海默有几幅漂亮的画。我们刚一到，他就说，‘大家该欣赏欣赏梵高啦。’到了他的起居室，我们看到的是一幅梵高的作品，太阳高高地悬挂在完全笼罩在阴影里的田地上空。”那次我也是驾着棚顶露个大洞的折篷汽车，从洛斯阿拉莫斯匆匆赶来见面，一路风尘。与奥本海默会面终了的时候，他告诉我他和他妻子的有些画儿，也许我愿意什么时候欣赏欣赏。我那时不知他指的什么画儿，几个月以后我应邀参加奥本海默在家举办的晚会，才知道他说的是梵高的画儿。几年以后，我了解到那时他从他父亲那儿继承了几幅收藏品，他本人再也没有增添过。

6．斯彭德在日志中描写了奥本海默的长相：“罗伯特·奥本海默是我见过的长相最奇特的人。他的头跟一个聪明的小孩的头差不多，脖子长长的，让人想到埃及人特意拉长了脖子的脑壳。他的脑壳让人觉得像鸡蛋壳似的不堪一击，由一根细细的脖颈支撑着。他的表情看上去容光焕发，同时又让人觉得清苦淡漠。”对这个描写我很认同，但是遗漏了一个事实。那就是奥本海默看上去像一个进行过大量户外活动的人，皮肤黝黑，而事实也是如此。斯彭德也没有提到奥本海默的眼睛，那双眼睛里闪烁着一种提防的冷冷的光，这样的目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。更重要的是，奥本海默在斯彭德的日志中是一个游离于他人的人物，与斯彭德本人的生活圈格格不入。

7．日志中也没有提到另外一件事；那就是，三年前奥本海默由于对国家忠诚问题被审查，最终他的参加秘密工作许可被吊销。对他的指控之一是他的妻子凯瑟琳·普宁·奥本海默，也就是约瑟夫·戴勒特的前妻。约瑟夫·戴勒特是共产党员，参与西班牙共和军在1937年时战死。同一年，斯彭德也是英国共产党员，也曾到过西班牙。不知奥本海默是否了解此事。他总是了解很多对他感兴趣的人的事情。“基蒂”·奥本海默知道此事吗?斯彭德来访时，她恰好在楼上养“病”，这与此事是否相关?斯彭德在日志里没有提起。他当时怎么想的?他们两人其实有许多话题可谈，却没有谈。谈的是入侵苏伊士运河的事。

8．我在研究院的第二年，迪拉克曾经来访。我们大家都知道他要来，却谁也没有遇见他，只是有人说在远处看见他的身影。当年迪拉克50多岁，在物理学界的地位有些奇怪。他与爱因斯坦的不同之处是，他跟上了许多研究项目的发展，还时不时地评论一番。但是与爱因斯坦一样，他没有建立学派，没有追随者，也没有培养出几个学生。也基本是没有合作者。有一次被问及此事时，他回答说：“物理学中真正有价值的主张只能为个人享有。”这个说法好像也挺适用于诗歌。他曾是剑桥大学卢卡斯教授，此前牛顿曾经拥有这个位子，在教授量子理论课程时，他实际上是用他一贯精确而掐头去尾的方式念着他本人的着作。当有人对此提出疑问时．他回答说他对该课程斟酌至深，没有更好的方式讲给学生听。

9．研究院召开了一个为期一周的研讨会，奥本海默主持，还是不断地打断讲话者的发言。那是初秋的一天，研讨会正在进行，在那个小会议室里当时大约有40多位与会人员。这时门开了，迪拉克突然到来。我此前没有见过他，不过他的照片倒是常常看到。他本人比照片好多了。他身着大致是蓝色的西装----西裤、衬衫、领带，我还记得他还穿着毛衣。但

是给人以不可磨灭的印象的是，他当时穿着一双齐大腿、沾满泥土的胶皮靴。后来得知他花了很多时间手持板斧在离研究院不远的林子里朝特棱顿大致的方向开辟一条小径。几年以后，我开始给《纽约人》撰稿，想让迪拉克提供他个人的传略，他建议我们的几次会面可以一边清理那条小径一边谈。显然他仍在进行着这项工作。

10．现在25年过去了。太阳还没有升起来，我开着车和我的女伴穿越新泽西州。我们大约在早晨五点钟离开纽约，这样能赶上安排在上午的讲座。我胡乱拼凑了一xie关于物理学与写作的东西。两个人谁也没正经吃早饭。行至林肯第一隧道时，我想起我的同事诺贝尔奖获得者李政道讲的关于迪拉克的一件轶事。李政道当时开车送迪拉克从纽约到普林斯顿，穿过这座隧道。出隧道有一会儿了，迪拉克打破沉默说道：平均算起来，如果把收费价增加一倍并且把收费站都建在一端，收上来的钱会一样多。几年以后，口岸管理部门好像做了同样的分析，把收费站减少了一半。车驶过了通往普林斯顿的岔道，很想再去看一看。可是那时奥本海默已经去世，迪拉克和妻子住在佛罗里达。他的妻子是同是物理学家的尤金·威格纳的妹妹。迪拉克经常把妻子以威格纳的妹妹的身份介绍给人们，比方他会说：“请让我来介绍维格纳的妹妹。”迪拉克于1984年在佛罗里达去世。

11．我们在预定时间前几分钟到达会议中心。讲课厅里没有人，或者几乎没有人。但是在屋子的中央坐着斯彭德。我见过他的照片．所以一眼就认出他来。克里斯托弗·伊舍伍德曾描绘斯彭德的眼睛里有“蓝钟花的猛烈的颜色”。斯彭德穿着一套藏蓝色的西装，里面是一件带条纹的英国衬衫---特恩布尔一阿瑟品牌? ----一穿上就让人觉得特精神的那种。打的是一条带有某个俱乐部标志的领带。我讲课的过程中他一言未发，课程一结束就跟着那小伙儿零零星星的听众一起离开了，而我特意为了他们跑了5个小时的车程。此后我和我的同伴在当地的一家咖啡馆吃了顿不怎么样的午餐，好像会议没有提供正规午餐。这时我已经完全恼怒不已，要立刻回纽约去，但是她非常想多呆一会儿，看看斯彭德的诗歌研习会的一部分也好，所以我们留了下来。

12．我从未参加过诗歌研习会，想不出里面有些什么。物理学研习会倒是参加了不少，我太了解它们都干些什么了：一个屋子里有6个物理学家在黑板前互相大喊大叫。斯彭德举行诗歌研习会的屋子坐满了人，大约有30个人。可能不该以貌取人，可是这些观众 ----大多数是妇女，在我看来好像把诗歌当成救命的稻草一样抓住不放。如果我能够读到斯彭德的日志(他的日志几年以后才出版)，我会知道斯彭德对这一切已经习以为常了。事实上，从10年前他从伦敦的大学学院退休以后就以给这样的群体做讲座和讲课赖以生计的。我后来也了解到1981年的时候他对此已经厌倦了，也对做他过世的朋友----奥登、C·戴·刘易斯以及其他人的替身厌倦了。他比他们每个人都活得长久，可是仍然活在他们的阴影里，尤其是奥登。他们在牛津头一次结识，刚好和奥本海默与迪拉克头一次结识时同一年龄，也同一年代。

13．斯彭德夹着一摞研习会学员写的诗走了进来。没有开场白，开板就读起学员们的诗来。我感到惊奇的是那些诗竟然那么拙劣，多数都好像一串名单，什么“天空、性爱、海洋、大地、红色、绿色、蓝色”等等。斯彭德没有表露他对这些诗的看法，不时停下朗读，问问谁是作者，并且提出类似这样的问题：“为什么你选红色不选绿色?红色对你意味着什么?”问题脱口而出，好像自动化控制的一样。

14．很遗憾斯彭德的日志中没有记下这一段，但是很明显他的社交生活很丰富：某日与杰奎琳·奥尼瑟斯共餐，一星期以后出现在缪顿的罗氏银行----手段高明。我的感觉是无论他在想什么都与这个研习会无关。不知怎么，我越来越感觉不对头。大概这不是我该管的事，不过我可是花了一整天的时间，我觉得斯彭德欠我们不少。我不知道他欠的什么----反正不少。

15．我的同伴大概感觉到我要有所行动，因为她在带来的大本子上大写特写。最终，在

读了又一串典型的愚蠢的“单子”之后，我举手发言。斯彭德有点吃惊，但还是允许我说话。“为什么那也是一首诗?”我问道。几年后读了他的日志我才发现，这个问题他被问过许多遍，从来没有拿出过令他满意的答案。1935年，奥登为一本给小学生写的诗集写过序，其中他对诗歌的定义是“可以记忆的演讲”。这一定义听上去尚可，直到有人质疑：对谁可以记忆?这很重要吗?如果不重要，为什么要搞这个研习会?

16．我没有记住当时斯彭德是怎么回答的，但是我后来告诉他，我当学生那会儿听过T·S·艾略特的课。课后一个学生问艾略特他认为英国语言中最美的诗句是什么----疯子才问的问题，真的，就像问最大的数字是什么一样。令我万分吃惊的是，艾略特回答了这个问题，没有半点迟疑，“瞧啊，晨披金色氅，脚踏东山露。”我问斯彭德，他认为英国语言中最美的诗句是什么。他从椅子上起身，坚定地在黑板上写下了一行奥登的诗句。他盯着诗句的神情我永远难忘 ----悲哀、惊奇、懊丧、也许还有妒忌。他慢慢地背诵了一遍，然后坐下来。室内鸦雀无声。我道了谢。然后与同伴离开了课堂。

17．我有好多年没有去想这件事了，可是最近出于某种原因，这件事完全又回到我的脑海里来，几乎完全回来了。我记起了所有的一切，就差斯彭德写在黑板上的那行诗句。我只记得那句诗与月亮有关----反正是关于月亮的。15年前我的那位同伴已经不再是同伴了，所以我没法去问她。我有强制性地收藏自己历史资料的习惯，多数资料是返税时有用的东西。或许我保存了那次会议的议程表，在上面写下了那句诗。我翻遍了装着1981年材料的信封，没有找到那次旅行的痕迹。于是我有了个主意----精神错乱的(lunatic)、月的(lunar)，或许是这个字。我要从头到尾查一查奥登的诗集，找出每一句与月亮有关的来，看看是不是能唤醒我的记忆。令我惊奇的是，开始了这项工程以后我才发现这些诗里提到月亮的有多么少!我怀疑一本897页的集子中，连20处都不到。在《月球登陆》里有“谢天谢地，我的月亮没有受到污染，月缺又月圆，她仍后居天庭……”或者在《焦虑的时代》里，“月亮升起，温柔，安详，草在摇曳……”，还有在《夜曲》里的“月亮出现，悄然无声，避让山峦的獠牙磋齿；悄悄然，溜进开阔的天空，豁然知所处”----都是特棒的诗句，可都不是我记忆中的那一句。最接近的是“渐逝的月儿苍白地高悬，犹豫踌躇在天边……”，也是《焦虑的时代》里的。这一句也不像。

18．我又想到了一个主意。我要重读斯彭德的日志，看他是否提到过奥登的有关月亮的诗。于是，在1975年2月6日的那一条中我找到了这样的话：“模仿已故的奥登并不难。(他于1973年去世)因为在奥登晚年的诗中有一种怪诞的外表，一些雄心勃勃掌握了技巧的年轻人可以效仿。但是模仿早期的奥登难乎其难。‘此月之美，无始无终，初始即已成……”我敢肯定，这一句正是1981年那个下午斯彭德写在黑板上的那行诗。

19．可怜的斯蒂芬·斯彭德，可怜的罗伯特·奥本海默，即使不是被划分到仅仅不错之列，也都受其限制。他们了解什么是真正出类拔萃，因此两人都不可避免地感到悲哀。“做个渺小的诗人如同做个渺小的皇族，”斯彭德在日志中写道，“正如玛格利特公主的贴身女仆有一次告诉我的那样，任何人在那个地位上都不会高兴的。”至于奥本海默，我记得埃斯德·拉比曾经跟我说“如果他研究的是犹太教法典和希伯来语，而不是梵语的话，他(奥本海默)或许会成为更杰出的物理学家。我从未遇见过他那么聪明的人。但是要更具原创性和博大精深，注意力得更集中才行。”

20．正如斯彭德所说，w·H·奥登的诗无法模仿，保罗·迪拉克的物理学更无法模仿。这就是伟大的诗歌与伟大的物理学之间的共同之处：两者犹如前无古人的天才们掀起的巨浪，席卷澎湃而去，将那些仅仅不错的人甩在后头。

(宋兴蕴译，边娜审校)

现代大学英语3课件

Lesson Ten Diogenes and Alexander I．Teaching Objectives: After learning this unit, students are supposed to: 1. get familiar with the rules of word formation ; 2. get familiar with some grammatical points; 3. retell the text as a whole; 4. have a thorough understanding of the whole text: Diogenes and Alexander 5. get a list of the new words and expressions and be able to use them freely in writing and daily conversation; II.Listening and speaking activities 1.Listen to the recording of the text and fill in the blanks about the main ideas of the article. 2. Talk about this passage with your friends ,and talk about what you think of Diogenes. III. Reading Comprehension and Language Activities 1. Pre-reading discussions: 1) What do you think of the person who lying on the street , shoeless, bearded, half-naked ? ? 2) Are you a cynic person?. 2. Background knowledge : 1) Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person “ disposed to find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.”In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder” The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all social conventions ,customs and laws. 2)Diogenes （第欧根尼） Diogenes was a famous Cynic philosopher living during the time of Plato ( the 4th century BC ). Having to flee from Sinope because of charges against him and his father for debasing the public coin , Diogenes went to Athens where he studied under comforts of civilized life , and lived an extremely ascetic lifestyle. Later on the captured by pirates and sold into slavery in Crete to Xeniades, who was so impressed by the philosopher that he made him the teacher of his children . He is said to have died of old age in the same year as Alexander the Great in 323 BC. 3. Text analysis: Part One (para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two (para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men

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现代大学英语第二版精读2 unit 1 课文翻译

Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. 给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training 虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep." 但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school —or engineering, or law school, or client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic

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(6 to resent the treatment (15 to expand business (7 to establish their identity (16 to expect better results (8 to frustrate the students (17 to assemble cars (9 to declare war (18 to present facts 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following. (P15 1 Give synonyms. (1 objective, purpose, end (7 choice (2 to happen (8 to choose/to pick or pick out (3 to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop (9 main/chief/principal/leading (4 to try/to attempt/to make an effort (10 belief (5 clear (11 strong feeling (6 magazine (12 to get/to gain/to obtain 2 Give antonyms. (1 masculine (9 to exclude (2 immature (10 disapproval (3 independence (11 mistrust/distrust

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Lesson 1 Vocabulary 1. Manhood:the state of being human 2. White lie:harmless or trivial lie，esp．one told in order to avoid hurting sb． 3. black sheep：person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group 4. To upset: to defeat 5. Affirmation:stating sth．as truth firmly and forcefully 6. To strain: to make the greatest possible effort 7. Off base: mistaken 8. (a) want (of) : lack of 9. Ringing cry: rallying call Paragraph 1. The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people. 2. Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination. 3. The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation. The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when a negro is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free. 4. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Power in its best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power. ability and 5. At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s talents. At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was). 6. …the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber. A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong. 7. It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster, or by animal necessity. This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because

现代大学英语第二版精读2unit 10 课文翻译

1.Not very far from Naples, a strange city sleeps under the hot Italian sun. It is the city of Pompei i, and there is no other city quite like it in all the world. Nothing lives in Pompeii except crickets a nd beetles and lizards, yet every year thousands of people travel from distant countries to visit it. 1. 在离那不勒斯不远的地方，一座奇特的小城寂静的沉睡在意大利炙热的骄阳之下。那就是庞培城。全世界再没有任何一个城市和庞培城相像。在庞培城中，除了蟋蟀、甲虫和蜥蜴之外，别无其他生物，然而每年都有成千上万的人从不同国度不远万里前来参观。 2.Pompeii is a dead city. No one has lived there for nearly two thousand years----not since the su mmer of the year A.D. 79, to be exact. 2.庞培是一座死城。确切的说自从公元79年的那个夏天开始，两千年来没有人在这里生活过。 3.Until that year Pompeii was a prosperous city of 25,000 people. Nearby was the Bay of Naples, an arm of the blue Mediterranean. Rich men came down from wealthy Rome to build seaside vill as. Farmlands surrounded Pompeii. Rising behind the city was the 4000-foot Mount Vesuvius, a gr ass-covered slope where the shepherds of Pompeii took their goats to graze. Pompeii was a busy city and a happy one. 3.直到那年夏天庞培成还是一座拥有25000人的繁荣城市，离那不远就是蓝色地中海之臂的那不勒斯湾。一些有钱人从富有的罗马城来到这里建造海边别墅。庞培城的周围有农田环绕。在这座城市的背后矗立着4000英尺高的维苏威火山。绿草覆盖的山坡上，牧羊人赶着他们的羊群在吃草。庞培城是一座繁忙而又充满幸福感的城市。 4.It died suddenly, in a terrible rain of fire and ash. The tragedy struck on the 24th of August, A.D. 79. Mount Vesuvius, which had slept quietly for centuries, erupted with savage violence. Tons of hot ash fell on Pompeii, hiding it from sight. For three days the sun did not break through the clou ds of volcanic ash that filled the sky. And when the eruption ended, Pompeii was buried deep. A c ity had perished. 4.可是，在一阵可怕的火与灰的袭击中，这座城市灭亡了。这个悲剧发生在公元79年的8月24日。维苏威火山。这座沉睡了几世纪的山脉，突然剧烈的爆发了。数以吨计滚烫的火山灰落到了庞培城遮住了人们的视线。3天以来阳光都无法穿过被火山灰充斥的云层。当喷发结束的时候，庞培城被深深的掩埋了。这座城市也就消失了。 5. Centuries passed, Pompeii was forgotten. Then, seventeen hundred years later, it was discover ed again. Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. Everything was as it had been t he day Vesuvius erupted. There were still loaves of bread in the ovens of the bakeries. In the wine shops, the wine jars were in place, and on one counter could be seen a stain where a customer h ad thrown down his glass and fled. 5.几个世纪过去了，庞培城几乎被遗忘了。不过，1700年后，人们又重新发现了它。在火山灰的保护下，这座城市完好无损的躺在那里。一切都是维苏威火山喷发那天的样子。面包店烤箱里依然有尚未出炉的面包，在卖红酒的店里，酒坛子依然放在原处，在柜台前，人们扔下酒杯逃命的痕迹清晰可见。 6. To go to Pompeii today is to take a trip backward in time. The old city comes to life all around y ou. You can almost hear the clatter of horses’ hoofs on the narrow streets, the cries of children a nd the laughter of the shopkeepers. The sky is cloudlessly blue, with the summer sun high in the s ky. The grassy slopes of great Vesuvius rise to the heavens behind the city, and sunlight shimmers on the waters of the bay a thousand yards from the city walls. Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets. 6.今天，去庞培可以称得上是一次体验时光倒流的旅行，古老的城市在你的周围仿佛又重新充满了活力。你几乎能听到狭窄街道上的马蹄声，孩子们的哭闹声和店主们的笑声。蔚蓝的