全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程 第1册 Unit 1 课堂笔记

Before Reading >> English Song –Beautiful Boy

I. John Lennon

i. A Brief Introduction to John Lennon

John Lennon (1940~1980) was an English rock musician and cofounder of The Beatles, the most lauded and influential rock group of all time.

ii. Questions about John Lennon

1. Who was John Lennon?

2. Which country was he from?

3. What was his profession?

4. Do you know any songs by him?

5. Can you tell us anything about Lennon?

iii. Chronology of John Lennon

– October 9, 1940

Born John Winston Lennon, in Liverpool, England.

– September 1957

Enrolled at Liverpool College of Art.

– August 23, 1962

Married college girlfriend Cynthia Powell (divorced 1968).

– February 19, 1963

Please Please Me reached Number One in the U.K. charts.

– February 12, 1964

The Beatles started their first U.S. tour.

– June 15, 1965

The Beatles received MBEs (Member of the Order of the British Empire) from Queen Elizabeth II. – March 14, 1969

Married Yoko Ono.

– November 25, 1969

Lennon returned his MBE in peace protest.

– December 8, 1980

Shot dead outside his apartment in the Dakota building in New York City. The killer was a crazed fan, Mark Chapman, who had recently obtained Lennon’s autograph(亲笔签名).

II. Beautiful Boy

Lyric:

Close your eyes

Have no fear

The monster's gone

He’s on the run and your daddy's here

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Before you go to sleep

Say a little prayer

Every day in every way

It's getting better and better

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Out of the ocean sailing away

I can hardly wait

To see you come of age

But I guess we'll both just have to be patient ’Cause it’s a long way to go

A had row to how

Yes it’s a long way to go

But in the meantime

Before you cross the street

Take my hand

Life is what happens to you

While you’re busy making other plans

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Before you go to sleep

Say a little prayer

Every day in every way

It's getting better and better

Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful

Beautiful boy

Darling, darling, darling

Darling Sean

III. Questions about the Song and the Texts

1. In your opinion, what is the song Beautiful Boy going to tell us?

2. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?

3. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?

Before Reading >> Spaghetti

I. Definition

Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Unlike some Chinese noodles, it is not served in soup and will never taste pulpy (软乎乎、没有嚼劲的).

II. Listen and Practice

Read the words given below and then listen to the passage. After listening to the passage, one student is required to come up and show the right way of eating spaghetti before the class.

The Right Way of Eating Spaghetti

1. Hold the fork in your hand as if to poke the spaghetti.

2. Scoop up a small amount of spaghetti on your fork and raise it

about 30cm above your plate. 3. Make sure the spaghetti on your fork is completely disconnected

from the remainder on your plate. 4. Put the prongs of the fork at an edge of the plate that is free of

food. 5. Quickly point the prongs of the fork straight down toward the

plate and place the points on the plate. 6. Twirl the fork to gather the spaghetti around the prongs.

7. With a quick scooping movement, gather up the roll around the prongs and place it in your

mouth.

8. Gently gather up any stray spaghetti ends that don’t make it all the way into your mouth.

Before Reading >> The American Educational System

In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:

- kindergarten: under 5 years old

- elementary / primary school (grades 1~6): 6~11 years old

- junior high / middle school (grades 7~8): 12~13 years old

- senior / high school (grades 9~12): 14~17 years old - college, institute, academy (学院), university

Global Reading >> Scanning

Scan Text A and find out all the time words, phrases and clauses.

Key:

since my childhood in Belleville (Para. 1)

until my third year in high school (Para. 1)

until then (Para. 1)

when our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English (Para. 2)

late in the year (Para. 3)

until the night before the essay was due (Para. 3)

when I finished (Para. 6)

next morning (Para. 6)

two days passed (Para. 6)

when I saw him lift my paper from his desk ... (Para. 6) when Mr. Fleagle finished (Para. 9) Global Reading >> Part Division of the Text

Global Reading >> Further Understanding

I. For Part 1 True or False

1. Baker had never thought of becoming a writer until he was in the eleventh grade. (F)

(As a child in Belleville, he had thought of becoming a writer from time to time.)

2. Teachers found it painful to read students’ long and lifeless essays. (T)

3. Before Mr. Fleagle became the English teacher for Baker’s class, the English course had been interesting. (F)

(From the words “another cheerless year” we can see the English course had been quite boring.)

4. In Baker’s opinion, Mr. Fleagle was really a formal, rigid and out-of-date teacher only because of Fleagle’s manner of speaking. (F)

(Besides the manner of speaking, Fleagle’s appearance and dress also showed that he was a dull and rigid teacher.)

II. For Part 2 Multiple Choice

Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.

1. At first, Baker thought Mr. Fleagle’s English course was ___________. (B)

A. interesting

B. dull

C. hopeful

D. attractive

2. In Baker’s opinion, the title of the composition “What I Did on My Summer Vacation” was _________. (D)

A. dull

B. unfruitful

C. difficult

D. foolish and dull

3. Baker liked to write a com position with the title “The Art of Eating Spaghetti” because __________. (D)

A. neither Baker nor Doris had ever eaten spaghetti before

B. Baker and Doris argued about it at a supper

C. spaghetti was from Italy and quite new then

D. it reminded him of the pleasure of that evening

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? _________ (A)

A. You’ll not write a good composition until you like the topic.

B. When Baker wrote the essay, he thought his teacher would like it.

C. Mr. Fleagle had liked Baker’s com positions before.

D. Baker succeeded in writing two compositions.

III. For Part 3 Questions and Answers

1.Do you think Baker would write another essay if he had enough time? Why?

2.What was Baker prepared for when he found all the papers had been given back but his?

3.Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class? How did the class respond?

4.Which paragraph in this part gives readers the impression that Baker’s essay was very good?

5.Why did Baker feel so delighted?

Detailed Reading

I. Difficult Sentences

1.Until t hen I’d been bored by everything associated with English courses. (Para. 1)

What can we infer from this sentence?

(Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses.)

2.I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. (Para. 1)

Paraphrase the sentence.

(I found it painful to write long, boring essays as required by teachers; neither did teachers enjoy what I wrote.)

3.another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects (Para. 2)

What can we learn from this phrase?

(We can know from this phrase that before Mr. Fleagle became Baker’s English teacher, all English courses were dull.)

4.I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. (Para. 3)

What does the author really mean when he says “I ... was not disappointed”?

(He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.)

5.I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa,

I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. (Para. 3)

1) What can we infer from these sentences?

(Baker was unwilling to write his essay.)

2) List phrases to support your inference.

(did n othing until … the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.)

6.This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. (Para. 4)

Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.

(At the sight of the title I saw an unusual series of pictu res in my mind’s eye.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。)

7.Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. (Para. 4)

Analyze the structure of the sentence.

(在这个长句中，came flooding back 是谓语，其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如：

- A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far.

- All is not gold that glitters.)

8.Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. (Para. 4)

What is the relationship between Baker and Doris? Why?

(Doris was Baker’s sister or his female cousin. Two reasons for that:

- Doris is a female name;

- The author mentioned “none of the adults ...” which shows that they were still children, not adults.)

9.I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk a nd knock for the class’s attention. (Para.

6)

1) Paraphrase this part of the sentence: I was prepared … for discipline.

(I was ready for Mr. Fleagle’s order to see him soon after school for the purpose of punishing me ...)

2) Why did Baker think he would be punished?

(Because to his mind, this time he had violated the rules of formal composition.)

3) What’s the function of the word “when” in the sentence?

(The word “when” here doesn’t mean “at or during the time that” (当…时). Instead, it means “and then” (在那时).

More examples:

- He had just drifted off to sleep when the bell rang.

- I was about to ask after his wife when I suddenly remembered that they were getting a divorce.)

10.In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. (Para. 9) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

(就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。)

II. Words & Expressions

off and on (or on and off):from time to time; now and again; irregularly

- It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp.

- As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.

take hold:become established

- The idea of one child has taken hold in many Chinese families.

- 老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。(Old habits die hard. That’s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.)

bore:vt. make (sb.) feel tired and lose interest

- The speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.

- Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him.

Collocation:

a crashing bore 讨厌至极的人/事

a frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙

an insufferable bore 讨厌得令人无法忍受的人

an utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事

associate:vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind

- 我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。(We often associate Egypt with pyramids.)

- I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written.

- Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.

turn out:

1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc.

2) prove to be

3) shut off

4) produce; make

Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

- A large group of protesters have turned out. (1)

- The school has turned out some great scholars. (4)

- Turn out the light before you go to bed. (3)

- The plan turned out a failure. (2)

- We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. (4)

- The experiment turned out to be a success. (2)

- Crowds turned out for the procession. (1)

anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)

- The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.

- 他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。(They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2012.)

N.B. 该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。

- We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.

- We anticipate hearing from you again.

tedious:adj. boring and lasting for a long time

- The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over.

- Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him anymore.

inspire:vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc.

- Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans.

- The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on.

Collocation:

inspire sth. in sb .(= inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情

rigid: adj. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior; based on correct or accepted rules

- 如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。(If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.) - The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days.

severe: adj.

1) completely plain

- The widow wore a severe black dress to her husband’s funeral.

- 海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。(Hemingway is known for his severe writing style.)

2) stern; strict

- Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force.

- Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry.

3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.

- The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.

- 工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。(A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.)

CF: severe, stern & strict

severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severe father 严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look 严厉的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生很严厉。）。stern 与severe 相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如：a stern father 和a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。

strict 相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：

- The teacher is strict with his students.

- There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.

tackle:vt. deal with

- Toshiba (东芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework.

- The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it.

face up to:be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty)

- Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Year’s Eve.

- 既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。(Now that your daughter was born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.)

sequence: n.connected line of events, ideas, etc.

- 连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（foreign aid）。(A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid.)

- The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.

CF: sequence & series

sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：- I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. (我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。)

- Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first. (你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。)

series 是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如：

- Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue. (李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。)

- The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the Olympic Games. (邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。)

Collocation:

in sequence 顺次，挨次

in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个

in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊

the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序

recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause)

- I recognize the face but can’t recall her name.

- I don’t recall ever meeting her.

- She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon.

CF: recall, remember & remind

这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。

recall“想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与can，could 等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：

- Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book. (我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。)

- I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her. (我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地方见过她。)

remember “想起”，用处比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：- I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library. (我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。)

如果remember 表示有意识的行动，常指“记住”。例如：

- You must remember this phone number. (你必须记住这个电话号码。)

remind 指“使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：

1) 接宾语；

2) 接宾语+of+宾语；

3) 接宾语+不定式；

4) 接宾语+that-clause。

例如：

1) If I forget it, please remind me. (如果我忘了，请提醒我。)

2) This reminds me of last year. (这使我想起去年的事。)

3) Remind me to write to my Mom. (提醒我给妈妈写信。)

4) The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. (看到钟我想起自己迟到了。)

argument: n.

1) a disagreement; a quarrel

- Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.

2) a reason given to support or disprove sth.

- There are many arguments against smoking.

- 那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。(The famous professor can always drive home an argument.)

Collocation:

get into an argument 加入/卷入争论

break off an argument 中断一场争论

terminate an argument 结束一场争论

settle an argument 解决一场争论

a bitter / violent / heated argument 激烈的争论

put forward / offer an argument 提出论点

confute an argument 驳倒一个论点

put down:write down

- 管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。(The housekeeper puts down the daily expenses in a little notebook.)

- Put down what you hear, please.

violate:vt. act against

- Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations.

- A country isn’t respected if it violates an international agreement.

compose:vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.)

- The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?

- John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.

CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute

这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。

compose 常见于被动语态，构成be composed of 的结构，表示“由…构成”；在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：- Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. (混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。)

- England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. (英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。)

consist of 意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：

- New York City consists of five boroughs. (纽约市由五个行政区组成。)

comprise 可表示“由…构成”；也可表示“构成”。例如：

- The committee comprises men of widely different views. (这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。)

- Fifty states comprise the United States. (美国由50个州组成。)

constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：

- Seven days constitutes a week. (七天构成一个星期。)

turn in:

1. hand in; give over

2. deliver (a person or thing) to the police

3. give back; return

Match the above definitions with the sentences below.

- The criminal turned herself in. (2)

- For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. (1)

- You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army. (3)

- Have you all turned in your homework for last night? (1)

command:

1. n. order

- The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.

- The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President.

2. v. give an order (to)

- 船长命令船员立刻离船。(The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.)

- If you command wisely, you’ll be obeyed cheerfully. ([谚语]指挥有方，人人乐从。)

- He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. ([谚语]不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。)

NB:

像suggest, demand 等动词一样,跟在command后面的that 从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+原形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如：

- He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.

Collocation:

get command of 控制

have a good command of 能自由应用

have … at one's command 能充分掌握…

take command of 开始担任…指挥

under (the) command of 由…指挥；在…指挥之下

CF: command & order

command 暗含“必须服从”的意思，比较正式。例如:

- The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy. (军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。) order 指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：

- He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. (他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。)

what’s more:in addition; more importantly

- Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. What’s more,

she has already published three books on gardening.

-你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！(How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!)

hold back:

1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.)

- Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.

2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forward

- The men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water.

3) prevent the development of

- You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.

4) keep (sth.) secret

- 把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。(Tell me about it —don’t hold anything back.)

avoid:vt. keep or get away from (usu. followed by noun / gerund)

- The little boy who had broken a neighbor’s window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished.

- 我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。(I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.)

NB:

英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，postpone，suggest，feel like，give up，put off 等，我们在使用中要特别注意。

CF: avoid & escape

两词均有“避”的意思。

avoid 指“（有意识地）躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是“逃避”实际的威胁。例如：

- He deliberately avoided seeing me. (他故意回避我。)

- The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully. (如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。)

escape 作及物动词时，表示“逃脱”，常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如：

- How did he imagine that things like that could escape detection? (他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢？)

- The name has escaped my memory. (我记不得那名字了。)

the eleventh hour:the last moment before sth. important happens

- John turned in the report at the eleventh hour.

-那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。(The president’s visit was called off at the eleventh hour.)

career:n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s life

- My farmer parents have never expected me to make novel writing my career.

- 我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。(My grandfather was a career teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.)

Collocation:

carve (out) a career for oneself 闯出一番事业；谋求发迹

in (the) full career 开足马力地,全速地

make a career 在事业上有所成就

put / set the seal on:make sth. definite or complete

- A last-minute goal set / put the seal on Tottenham’s victory.

- The experience set the seal on their friendship.

After Reading >> Useful Expressions

断断续续off and on

对…感到腻味be bored by …

觉得…枯燥难懂find … dull and difficult

以…而出名have a reputation for …

据说某人…sb. be said to be …

拘谨刻板，落后于时代formal, rigid and out-of-date

随笔小品文informal essay

躺在沙发上lie on a sofa

不得不面对…face up to …

围坐在晚餐桌旁be seated around the supper table

…重现在我脑海中… reawake in my mind

自得其乐for my own joy

违反规定violate the rules

不及格分 a failing grade

别无选择，只好做…There is no choice but to do …

更重要的是，而且what’s more

专心地听listen attentively

乐呵呵地开怀大笑laugh with open-hearted enjoyment

心花怒放pure delight

最后的时刻at the eleventh hour

After Reading >> Sentence Translation

1. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.

(从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。)

2. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire.

(弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。)

3. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it.

(我躺在沙发上，最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课，便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗看了一下。)

4. 我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。

(The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”)

5. 突然我就想描述那一切，描述当时那种温馨美好的气氛，但我把它写下来仅仅是想自得其乐，而不是为弗利格尔先生而写。

(Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle.)

6. 等我写完时已是半夜时分，再没时间为弗利格尔先生写一篇循规蹈矩、像模像样的文章

了。

(When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle.)

7. 我尽力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我写的文章竟然能使别人大笑，我真是心花怒放。

(I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh.)

After Reading >> Synonyms

Find out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for the words and phrases below.

dull (Para. 1): [ lifeless (Para. 1), cheerless, tedious (Para. 2) ]

turn out (Para. 1): [write (Para. 1), put down (Para. 5), compose (Para. 6) ]

anticipate (Para. 2): [ prepare for (Para. 3) ]

formal (Para. 2): [ rigid, prim, correct (Para. 2), proper, respectable (Para. 6) ]

topic (Para. 3): [ title (Para. 4) ]

vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb. (Para. 4): [ sth. reawakes in sb’s mind; sb. recalls sth. (Para. 4) ]

recapture (Para. 5): [ relive (Para. 5) ]

contempt (Para. 8): [ ridicule (Para. 8) ]

pleasure (Para. 9): [ delight, happiness (Para. 9) ]

After Reading >> Writing Practice

I. A Brief Introduction

A letter of congratulations, or congratulation letter, is used in both personal and business situations. Its primary purpose is to formally congratulate someone on an outstanding achievement. Certain types of congratulation letters are also referred to as “commendation letters” in some situations. In order to write an effective congratulation letter, you can follow the following tips:

- Write the congratulation letter as soon as possible after the fortunate event takes place.

- State in the beginning the specific occasion that has motivated you to write your letter.

- Exp ress praise and approval of the reader’s accomplishments.

- Keep your congratulation letter simple and concise —under one page in length.

- Be positive and don’t include any negative comments or unhappy news.

- Don’t suggest that the fortunate event should benef it the letter-writer in any way.

- Don’t exaggerate your congratulatory words, or your letter may seem sarcastic or mocking.

- Edit your letter for correct structure, grammar, and punctuation.

- Don’t forget to spell check your letter.

- Wait some time and proof-read your letter again before sending it.

II. Sample Letters Informal

Formal

III. Homework

You are required to write a letter of congratulations based on the information below.

1.XX是你高中的同班同学。

2.获悉他（她）考上XX大学，攻读XX专业，特此祝贺。

3.他（她）的成绩是他（她）刻苦努力的结果，希望他（她）在新的环境里取得更好成绩。

4.再次表示祝贺。

Reference:

29th July, 2009

Dear Xiao Ma,

I am writing to congratulate you on having been admitted to Southeast University and majoring in electronic engineering.

All that you have gained is the result of your hard work. I wish you would continue your efforts and gain further success in the new environment. Although we live in different cities, we still feel close to each other. Please keep in touch with me. I often recall our life in high school. In those

days, we stayed, played and studied together. We enjoyed each other’s company so much that we have maintained our friendship till now. Besides, I have learnt a lot from you, and even today I often remember how hard you studied. You told me that you were determined to be an expert in Double E, and now you are beginning to realize your dream. Your success tells me that hard work will pay off in the end.

Congratulations again.

Sincerely yours,

Tang Jinguo

After Reading >> Spot Dictation

During the course of growing up, many children will meet different kinds of problems. The passage you’re going to listen to is about two letters between an eleven-year-old girl and an editor of a children’s magazine. When you’re listening, you’re required to fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear.

A Letter from a Girl

Sometimes my three-year-old sister makes a mess (一团糟) in my room. When I tell her to clean it up, she doesn’t. Can you help me?

A Letter from an Editor

Having a younger sibling (同胞) can be a challenge. It’s great that you are looking for a peaceful solution.

Your sister is very young and may not realize that she is making a mess. When little children play, they tend to spread things everywhere. Perhaps you could make a game out of cleaning up together. Tell her it’s a race and want to see if she can clean up faster than you can.

If you help your sister now, she’ll probably learn to clean by herself when she is a bit older.

After Reading >> Talk about the Pictures

(略)

After Reading >> Proverbs and Quotations

1. Youth and age will never agree. (少年和老头，永远不相投。)

2. Youth is the season of hope. (青春是希望的季节。)

3. Youth must have its fling (猛冲). (年轻人要敢闯。)

4. You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success.

— Charles Chaplin, American actor (人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。

——美国演员C. 卓别林) 5. Follow your own course, and let people talk.

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit4

Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start 新的开端 1当我父母开车离去，留下我可怜巴巴地站在停车场上时，我开始寻思我在校园里该做什么。我决定我最想做的就是平安无事地回到宿舍。我感到似乎校园里的每个人都在看着我。我打定主意：竖起耳朵，闭上嘴巴，但愿别人不知道我是新生。 2第二天早上我找到了上第一堂课的教室，大步走了进去。然而，进了教室，我又碰到了一个难题。坐哪儿呢？犹豫再三，我挑了第一排边上的一个座位。3“欢迎你们来听生物101 课，”教授开始上课。天哪，我还以为这里是文学课呢！我的脖子后面直冒冷汗，摸出课程表核对了一下教室——我走对了教室，却走错了教学楼。 4怎么办？上课途中就站起来走出去？教授会不会生气？大家肯定会盯着我看。算了吧。我还是稳坐在座位上，尽量使自己看起来和生物专业的学生一样认真。 5下了课我觉得有点饿，便赶忙去自助食堂。我往托盘里放了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在这时，我无意中踩到了一大滩番茄酱。手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股着地的刹那间，我看见自己整个人生在眼前一闪而过，然后终止在大学上课的第一天。 6摔倒后的几秒钟里，我想要是没有人看见我刚才的窘相该有多好啊。但是，食堂里所有的学生都站了起来，鼓掌欢呼，我知道他们不仅看见了刚才的情景，而且下决心要我永远都不会忘掉这一幕。 7接下来的三天里，我独自品尝羞辱，用以果腹的也只是些从宿舍外的售货机上买来的垃圾食品。到了第四天，我感到自己极需补充一些真正意义上的食物。也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。于是我去了食堂。 8我好不容易排队取了食物，踮脚走到一张桌子前坐下。突然我听到一阵熟悉的“哗啦”跌倒声。抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。我料想他会像我一样溜出食堂，可他却转身重新盛一盘食物。就在那一刻，我意识到我把自己看得太重了。

全大学英语综合教程第二版课题答案全集

【一】全新版大学英语综合教程1课后题 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1. …down back and on in 2. been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. the command the soldiers opened fire. bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. , rigid, to inspire tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas , career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. violating Ⅲ. , in upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ. Cloze 1. back

and on out/in 2. Ⅱ. Translation 1. 1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2. Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship I. Vocabulary 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. 1) absolutely 2) available

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

新编大学英语综合教程3第三版unit9music

1. Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in brackets. 1. (attention) Correct answer inattention 2. (qualify) Correct answer qualified Correct answer Navigation 4. Correct answer participants 5. Correct answer unconscious 6. Correct answer competence 7. Correct answer inequalities 8. morning. (request) Correct answer

requested 9. Correct answer varied 10. Correct answer partners 2. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 11. Correct answer in 12. Correct answer of 13. Correct answer to 14. accident. Correct answer at 15. Correct answer beyond 16.

Your answer Correct answer from from 17. Your answer Correct answer to to 18. Your answer Correct answer on on 19. Your answer Correct answer in in Your answer Correct answer On On 3. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the best answer from the choices given. 21. The buses, ___________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of which B. both of which C. few of them D. those of which 22. There's only one man ____________ the job. A. qualified for

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

新编大学英语综合教程1-unit1

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全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

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