大学英语六级长难句解析100句

六级真题阅读长难句分析

1.

For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to handcarry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… turtles have struggled…。For hundreds of millions of years 为介词短语作时间状语。before…为时间状语从句，该从句采用的是there be结构，主语为or连接的三个名词（词组）：natural documentaries，GPS satellites and marine biologists和volunteers，主语后的不定式均为主语的后置定语。lest“以免”引导状语从句，采用虚拟语气。

【译文】数百万年以来，海龟们都挣扎着从海里爬出来，到沙滩上产卵，那时候还没有自然纪录片来记录它们的活动，没有GPS卫星和海洋生物学家跟踪它们，没有志愿者用手把小海龟放到水边以防它们被桅灯搞得迷失方向而爬向旅馆的停车场。

2.

The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered” —meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The figures prompted Oceana…。to petition the government为不定式作prompted的状语，to upgrade the level of protection… 为不定式作petition的状语。they are in danger… help作meaning的宾语，相当于省略了引导词that的宾语从句。

【译文】这些数字迫使Oceana向政府请求将对北大西洋大海龟的保护程度由“受到威胁”提升到“濒临灭绝”，这意味着如果没有额外的保护，它们将面临消失的危险。

3.

But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句，主架为Nature is indifferent… and… a report… showed… a… drop…。But表转折。by the Fish and Wildlife Service为介词短语作report的后置定语。which can grow to as much as 400 pounds为非限制性定语从句，修饰loggerheads。be indifferent to意为“对…无动于衷”。a drop in指“在…方面下降”。

【译文】但是大自然对人们的平等观念却漠不关心，渔业和野生动物服务组织的一项报告显示，北大西洋好几种海龟的数量都在令人担忧地下降，尤其是一种能够长到400磅重的大海龟。

4.

The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… beach… are being squeezed。on which… eggs 为定语从句，修饰beach。squeezed后接了两个由on one side… and on the other结构连接的状语：by development和by the threat。of rising sea levels为介词短语作threat的后置定语。as the oceans warm为原因状语从句。

【译文】一方面是人类的开发，另一方面是海平面因海水变暖而上升，使得海龟们产卵的狭窄沙滩正在缩小。

5.

It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为It turns out… that…。according to Griffin为插入语。that while… in the ocean为宾语从句。while在这里为连词，表转折。they spend on land为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是the weeks。括号内内容进一步解释they spend on land，as相当于“作为…”。they spend in the ocean为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the years。

【译文】按照Griffin的说法，答案是这样：虽然我们对保护海龟们（产卵的母海龟，龟卵，小海龟）在岸上度过的几个星期做得很好，但是我们却忽略了它们在海里度过的岁月。

6.

Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we must… or…。or表条件。get a handle on sth.指“着手处理某事”。that… dinosaurs为定语从句，修饰的是a creature。leaving our… 为现在分词短语作结果状语。how a… affection为宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。固定短语meet one’s end指“迎接末日，即死亡”，at the hands of为，指“出自…之手，由…完成”。

【译文】最终，我们必须着手处理这些问题，否则，这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，从而给我们的后代留下疑问：为什么这么丑的生物却能获得人们如此多的关爱？

7.

But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为复合句，主架为economists say families… can…。about to go into debt为families的后置定语，to fund four years为不定式作目的状语，of partying, as well as studying为介词短语作后置定语。that college… investment为同位语从句，作knowledge的同位语；that… should yield huge dividends为定语从句，修饰的是investment，在该从句中，unlike many bank stocks为插入语。

【译文】但是，经济学家说，那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰：上大学是一项投资，与银行股票不同的是，这项投资将有巨大的红利。

8.

A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to

skill” —or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned — decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为A 2008 study… notes…。by two Harvard economists 作study的后置定语，说明study的发起者。that引导一个很长的宾语从句，作notes 的宾语。在该宾语从句中，主语为the “labor-market premium to skill”，谓语有两个，由but连接，即decreased和has come back。for much of the 20th century和since the 1980s为时间状语，修饰谓语。两个破折号中间的内容为插入语，解释说明“labor-market premium to skill”。在该插入语中，what引导宾语从句，作than的宾语，相当于the amount。

【译文】2008年哈佛大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出，“劳动力市场给技能的额外收益”——或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得多的那部分钱——在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降，但是从20世纪80年代起，开始迅速回升。

9.

But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为a look… reveals…。that引导宾语从句，作reveals 的宾语。about which college to attend为介词短语作choice的后置定语。which college to attend为宾语从句，作about的宾语。come down to指“取决于…”。【译文】但是看一下学费的奇怪变化，就可以知道选择去哪所大学不仅仅取决于金钱了。

10.

No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product — like a car or clothes or a house. (2009年6月)【分析】本句为简单句，主架为buyers aren’t evaluating college… as… but rather as…。in this consumerist age为时间状语。破折号后的like a… house解释说明consumer product。evaluate sth. as… 指“将某物评定为…”。

【译文】不，在这个消费年主义代，大多数买家不是把上大学看作投资，而是看作消费品——就像汽车、衣服和房子一样。

11.

As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为consumers… have vast choices, and people search for the one。in today’s colle ge marketplace为介词短语作后置定语。that gives… satisfaction为定语从句，修饰的是the one。in line with their budgets为介词短语作状语。in line with指“与…一致，按照…”。

【译文】与买汽车一样，消费者在如今的大学市场有很多选择，人们会按照自己的预算寻找那些让他们感到最舒服最满意的。

12.

Since 2001, more than 1,000 high school and college students in the U.S. have participated in the Body Project, which works by getting girls to understand how they have been buying into the notion that you have to be thin to be happy or successful. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… students… have participated in the Body Project。Since 2001为时间状语。which… successful为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是the Body Project。by… understand为方式状语。how they… notion为宾语从句，作understand的宾语。that you… successful为同位语从句，解释的是notion。buy into 指“接受并受（某种思想、观点等）的影响”。

【译文】从2001年起，在美国已经有超过1000名高中和大学生参与了这项“身体计划”，这一计划旨在让女孩们了解她们是如何被灌输那种“为了成功和幸福，你必须瘦”的思想的。

13.

Such lasting effects may be due to girls’ realizing not only how they were being influenced but also who was benefiting from the societal pressure to be thin. (2009年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… effects may be due to…。girls’ realizing为动名词作宾语。realizing后接了两个由并列结构not only… but also… 连接的宾语从句，分别是how they were being influenced和who was benefiting… to be thin。

【译文】这些持续的效果可能是因为女孩们不仅意识到了她们是如何受到影响的，还意识到了谁从这些让大家感到应该瘦身的社会压力中受益。

14.

The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no estab lished athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为The company did not have the money… and there was no… industry。to hire “experts”为动词不定式作目的状语。established athletic footwear为industry的前置定语。in North America为地点状语。from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的是North America。

【译文】公司没有钱去雇佣“专家”，而且当时在北美也没有既成的运动鞋行业，无法从这一领域招聘到有才能的人。

15.

What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为… demand… is growing so fast that…。What’s more 为插入语。that… by 2050为结果状语从句，其中meeting it为现在分词短语作主语。

【译文】此外，发展中国家对动物制品的需求上升很快，要满足这些需求，需要在2050年之前每年增加3亿吨谷粮。

16.

The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为The key will be…。to abandon… sustainability为不定式作表语。which centre on the need… damage为非限制性定语从句，修饰的是measures of sustainability。

【译文】关键是要摒弃简单的、一成不变的可持续发展的方法，这些方法以满足生产需要但又不增加对环境的破坏为中心。

17.

That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为and连接的并列复合句，主架为That is a… larger question… and it is one…。much修饰larger。than后接了两个由or连接的宾语从句：what should… workers和how best… border。that… groups为定语从句，修饰的是one。在该定语从句中，谓语affects后跟两个由并列结构not only… but… 连接的宾语，分别是newcomers和groups。that have been here for generations为定语从句，修饰的是groups。

【译文】这个问题，比“对没有合法身份的工人应该采取什么政策”、“怎样才能保证边境安全”之类的问题要重要得多，它不但影响到新移民，也影响到那些在美国生活了好几代的族群。

18.

In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句，主架为Italians, Romanians and members… became… Americans and contributed… to the building。of other so-called inferior races为介词短语作后置定语，修饰members。in ways too numerous to detail为插入语。

【译文】随着时间的流逝，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他被称作“劣等民族”的人成为了美国人中的典范，他们以各种各样的方式为建设伟大的美国贡献良多。

19.

But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句，主架为we… ought to ask… questions…。But表转折。as arguments… campaign trail为时间状语从句。a bout…, about…为介词短语作后置定语，修饰questions。how to ensure为宾语从句，作about的宾语。that people…shores 为宾语从句，作ensure的宾语，在该从句中，once outsiders为插入语。

【译文】在总统竞选活动中，移民问题又再次升温，我们应该问些更广泛的有关“同化”的问题，即如何保证这些过去的局外人不会在这个国度永远处于边缘地位。20.

Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为development is applied to everything, and it has become difficult to question…。from… to… 意为“从…到…”，from… to… growth修饰everything。as a result表示结果。either… or… 意为“或者…或者…”，either… or the way 作question的宾语。the concept is put to use是定语从句，先行词为way，在这里可以不用引导词。

【译文】可持续发展被应用到了从能源到洁净水和经济增长的几乎每个领域。结

果，要想质问这一概念背后的基本假设或者这一概念是如何被执行的，就变得很困难。

21.

This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. (2008年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为This is especially true in agriculture。where引导的非限定性定语从句sustainable… perspectives修饰逗号前面的agriculture。historical and cultural perspectives意为“从历史和文化的角度”。

【译文】这一现象在农业领域更是如此。在农业领域，可持续发展经常被当作进步的唯一标准，但人们忽略了从历史和文化的角度去合理地评价。

22.

Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue.

【分析】本句为复杂句。主句为UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue。Although引导让步状语从句。in terms of意为“在……方面”，in terms… attainment在句中作插入语。that引导的宾语从句作find的宾语。

【译文】尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业造诣方面比他们的父母做得要好，但加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华·泰勒斯却发现，他们的收入没有增加。

23.

Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks — that large parts of the community may become mired (陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement.

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为Telles fears that…。that引导的宾语从句作fears 的宾语。破折号后的内容对前面的内容进行解释说明，说明美籍墨西哥人正在步美国黑人的后尘。

【译文】泰勒斯担心，美籍墨西哥人注定要步美国黑人的后尘——大部分人都可能陷入看似永远的贫困和失意。

24.

It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. (2008年6月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为It is sitting…。It指代的是前文中的美元。at… the Canadian dollar为介词短语。against 在这里表示美元与其他外币的兑换比率。【译文】美元对欧元的比率也跌破记录，美元对加拿大元的比率更是跌到近三十年的最低点。

25.

Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. (2008年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为Europeans may view the U.S. as a superpower。view… as意为“把…看做”；第一句中的that引导定语从句，先行词为arrogant superpower。

【译文】许多欧洲人会认为美国是一个傲慢自大的超级大国，对外国人不友好。

但是，没有什么比疲软的美元更让他们觉得美国温暖的了。

26.

We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. (2008年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为We see our kid’s college background as a prize。see… as意为“把…看做”；demonstrating为现在分词作定语修饰prize；how well we’ve raised them为demonstrating的宾语从句。

【译文】我们将孩子的大学背景看做是对自己辛苦抚养他们的奖励。

27.

Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. (2008年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Underlying the hysteria is the belief。Underlying the hysteria为现在分词做主语，that引导同位语从句，修饰belief。

【译文】支撑这种疯狂的是这样一种信念：稀有的精英学位必定价值颇高。28.

I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. (2007年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I’m now applying to graduated school。which引导非限制性定语从句，作从句的主语。在定语从句中包含了一个省略了引导词that 的宾语从句，作means的宾语。宾语从句中又嵌套了一个where引导的定语从句，修饰profession, where在从句中作状语。在这个定语从句中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，作get的宾语。

【译文】目前，我在申请研究生学历，这就意味着有一天我重回职场时，人们会为了一己之利而对我献媚。

29.

Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为I’ve understood。主句谓语动词understood 后有两个并列的that引导的宾语从句。在第二个宾语从句中包含一个省略that的定语从句people use…，修饰gauge，还包含一个how引导的宾语从句。

【译文】像大多数人一样，长期以来，我一直认为人们会以职业来评判我，我的职业才是人们用来评价我的聪明才智的标准。

30.

According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption (and their utility bills) by 43 percent. (2007年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为they’d cut… by 43 percent。if 引导条件状语从句，在从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰models。这个条件状语从句为虚拟语气，表示对现在的假设，从句谓语用过去时态，主句谓语动词用would do。【译文】一份国际能源署的研究表明，如果消费者选择在使用期间能节省电器费用的家电型号，他们将节省43%的全球居民用电量(和电费)。

31.

“Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no

role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. (2007年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Men have a fear of becoming dads,” says Jon Smith。在直接引语中有一个because引导的原因状语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前则用倒装。

【译文】“跟我同时代的男性(25岁到40岁之间)都害怕当爸爸，这是因为我们没有学习的榜样，”作家乔·史密斯这样说道。

32.

“Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th richest man in America. (2007年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为“bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented the richest man。直接引语作lament的宾语从句。在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里，若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前，常用倒装。

【译文】“我们国家与中产阶级讨价还价的核心条件正在瓦解，”一位在美国富豪排行榜排名117位的富翁哀叹道。

33.

If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside on office or “chained to your desk” mos t of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. (2007年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为一个祈使句vow to…，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰work，that在从句中作主语。If引导条件状语从句。从句中包含一个but连接的并列结构。

【译文】如果你喜欢自己的工作具有社会性，然而大部分时间你却被拴在办公室里或者“被绑在办公桌上”，那就发誓按照自己内心的想法行事，去调查一下那些可以让你有更多的时间与他人进行交流的行业。

34.

Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work. (2007年6月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为Miller developed a process to help job seekers assess their situation…start on a journey。that引导定语从句修饰journey，作从句的主语。主句中assess, identify, start都是help的并列补语。

【译文】米勒发明了七个步骤帮助那些潜在的求职者评估他们目前的处境及信念，激发他们真正的热情，然后踏上能让他们通过工作寻求激情的新征程。

35.

Obviously, there’s a difference between getting rid of possessions and losing them through a natural disaster without having a say in the matter.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为there’s a difference。between… and… 引出并列结构，between 为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。介词without 表示否定，后跟名词、代词或动名词。

【译文】显然，丢弃财产和在毫无征兆的自然灾害中丧失财产是完全不同的。36.

The Bush administration seems bent on satisfying the small but vocal group of Americans who oppose stem cell research under any conditions. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为The Bush administration seems bent on satisfying the

small but vocal group of Americans。定语从句who oppose stem cell research under any conditions修饰Americans。

【译文】布什政府似乎下定决心要满足那一小部分大声疾呼在任何条件下都反对干细胞研究的美国人。

37.

Fortunately, Grove and others are more interested in advancing scientific research that could benefit the large number of Americans who suffer from Parkinson’s disease, nerve injuries, heart diseases and many other problems. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Grove and others are more interested in advancing scientific research。that引导定语从句，修饰research, that在定语从句中作主语。who引导定语从句，修饰Americans, who在从句中作主语。Parkinson’s disease, nerve injuries, heart diseases和many other problems是并列成分，作suffer from的宾语。advancing是动名词形式，不是形容词。

【译文】幸好，还有Grove和其他一些人致力于推进科学研究，以造福众多深受帕金森症、神经创伤、心脏病及许多其他疾病折磨的美国人。

38.

Using this information, the amygdale(扁桃核) appraises a situation —I think this charging dog wants to bite me —and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为the amygdale appraises a situation and triggers a response。using this information是方式状语，I think this charging dog wants to bite me解释说明situation，是插入成分。

【译文】运用这些信息，扁桃核对情况作出估计——我认为这只迎面跑来的狗要咬我——然后启动全身的神经信号，激发反应。

39.

Of the 78 existing stem cell lines which Bush said are all that science would ever need, only one is in this country (at the University of Wisconsin), and only five are ready for distribution to researchers. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为only one is in this country, and only five… to researchers。which Bush said are all that science would ever need是定语从句，修饰stem cell lines。Bush said 是插入语。that 引导定语从句，先行词是all。

【译文】布什称现存的78项干细胞系已能够满足科研所需，但这78个干细胞系中只有一个在美国(威斯康星大学)，而且只有五个准备分配给研究人员。

40.

Once on the inside of the government they have both political parties busily tearing up all the regulations that protect the rest of us from the greed of the rich. (2006年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为they have political parties。that引导定语从句，修饰regulations，that 在从句中作主语。on the inside的主语是they，所以省略they are,其完整形式是once they are on the inside。

【译文】而一旦进入政府，他们就让两党赶快撕毁所有保护我们这些人免受富人贪婪压榨的规章制度。

41.

“By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest,” he wrote at the time.(2006

年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I clearly had not found a way to he lp classes see…。to help classes full of MBAs see是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰way。that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest是see的宾语。

【译文】“总的说来，我显然还没有找到一种方法，让那么多班集的MBA们明白生活中有比金钱、权力、名誉和一己私利更重要的东西，”他当时这样写道。42.

That is, as LeDoux says, “if you pu t that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear.”(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。本句主干为That is “if you put that system into a brain, you get the feeling of fear.”。直接引语是主句的表语。as LeDoux says是方式状语从句。直接引语中，if引导条件状语从句，主句是you get the feeling of fear。that has consciousness是定语从句，修饰brain。

【译文】也就是，正像雷杜克斯说的那样，“如果你把那个系统放入有意识的大脑里，你就会感觉到恐惧。”

43.

Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Human have the ability to call up images of bad things…。to call up images和to anticipate future events是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰ability。that happened in the past是定语从句，修饰bad things。

【译文】爱德华·M·哈洛韦尔说，人可以回忆起过去发生的不快乐的事情，也能够预测将来的事情。

44.

Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom — and their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。本句主干为executives had little interest in concepts and their professor was met with blank stares。says Etzioni是插入语。在第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。

【译文】伊兹欧尼说，那些未来将坐在董事会会议室里的管理人员对伦理道德是没有什么兴趣的——当教授敦促学生要从新的、不同的角度看待商业时，回应他的却是茫然困惑的眼神。

45.

From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot that’s left him shaking his head.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Etzioni has seen a lot…。第一个that引导定语从句，先行词为classes；how to… 是teach的间接宾语；from… to…表示“从…到…”，连接两个平行结构。第二个that引导定语从句，先行词为a lot。

【译文】从开设课程教学生如何合法地操纵合同，到强调“利润高于公共利益”的观念，伊兹欧尼已见到很多使他摇头兴叹的例子。

46.

This is awkward for universities, which must spend extra money building separate labs

and keeping rigorous records proving no federal funds were involved.(2006年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为This is awkward for universities。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰universities, which在从句中作主语。building separate labs和keeping rigorous records是平行结构，作spend的宾语（extra money）的补足语。proving… involved 是目的状语。no federal funds were involved是省略that的宾语从句，作proving的宾语。

【译文】这一情况让各大学很为难，因为他们不得不另外掏钱修建独立的实验室，还要保存能证明这些实验室与联邦基金并无关联的严格记录。

47.

Their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing (将产品包给外公司做) because these business maneuvers don’t act to create new jobs as the founders of new industries used to do, but only to cut out jobs while keeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为their selfishness is most shamelessly expressed in downsizing and outsourcing。because引导原因状语从句。not… but… 连接两个平行结构，表示“不是…而是”。第一个平行结构中包含了一个as引导的方式状语从句，第二个中包含了一个what引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。

【译文】他们的自私最无耻地表现在裁员和业务外包上，因为与过去那些新产业的创立者们不同，这些商业操纵者不是去创造就业机会，而是削减就业机会，同时还将这些职位所创造的价值据为己有。

48.

The president himself is constantly leaving Washington and the business of the nation because he is su mmoned to “fundraising dinners” where fat cats pay a thousand or so dollars a plate to worm their way into government not through service but through donations of vast amounts of money.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为The president himself is constantly leaving Washington and the business of the nation。because引导原因状语从句。where引导定语从句，修饰fundraising dinners，where在从句中作地点状语。not… but… 连接两个平行结构，意为“不是…而是…”。

【译文】总统自己经常离开华盛顿，脱身于国家大事，因为他被邀请参加一次接一次的筹款晚宴。在宴会上，那些有钱人为一道菜花费上千美元，目的仅仅是为了慢慢进入政府，他们凭借的不是对国家的服务而是大量捐赠金钱。

49.

The president’s decision a year ago to allow research on already existing stem cell lines was portrayed as a reasonable compromise between scientists’ needs for cells to work with, and concerns that this kind of research could lead to wholesale creation and destruction of human embryos (胚胎), cloned infants and a general contempt for human life. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为The president’s decision was portrayed as a reasonable compromise。不定式短语to allow… lines 作后置定语修饰decision。that this kind of research… for human life是concerns的同位语从句。between… and… 连接两个平行的结构。

【译文】一方面，科学家们需要干细胞用于研究；另一方面，人们又担心这种研究可能导致大规模制造和销毁人体胚胎、克隆婴儿，甚至造成对人类生命的普遍

蔑视，而总统一年前允许现存的干细胞系研究继续进行的决定被描绘为这两者之间一个合理的折衷。

50.

Hindered by limits President Bush placed on stem cell research a year ago, scientists are turning to laboratories that can carry out work without using federal money.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为scientists are turning to laboratories。过去分词短语Hindered by… 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Because they are hindered by… 。President Bush placed on stem cell research a year ago是省略关系代词that 的定语从句，修饰limits，that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。that can carry out work without using federal money是定语从句，修饰laboratories。

【译文】由于一年前布什总统对干细胞研究设置了种种限制，科学家们目前正纷纷转到那些不依赖联邦资金就可以开展研究的实验室。

51.

After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action —like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为a little healthy worrying is okay。if引导条件状语从句。like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back是插入成分，表示举例说明。

【译文】毕竟，存在一些对健康状况的担忧还是好的，如果它能够有所助益的话——比如让医生检查你背上的那块奇怪的斑。

52.

Though we’ve never had a catastrophic loss such as that, Gibbs and I did have a close call shortly before we decided to simplify.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Gibbs and I did have a close call shortly before we decided to simplify。Though引导让步状语从句。before引导时间状语从句。

【译文】尽管我和吉布斯从未经历过像那样的灾难性的损失，但在我们决定精简东西之前确实差一点就遭意外。

53.

As increasing numbers of friends’ children are prescribed medications — stimulants to deal with inattentiveness at school or anti-depressants to help with the loss of interest and joy in their lives —I question the role of kids’ boredom in some of the diagnoses. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I question the role of kids’ boredom in some of the diagnoses。as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候，随着”。两个破折号间的stimulants和anti-depressants是medications的同位语，进一步解释说明。动词不定式to deal和to help都作后置定语，分别修饰stimulants和anti-depressants。【译文】我越来越多的朋友的孩子都在接受药物治疗——用兴奋剂类药品治疗课堂注意力不集中，或者用抗抑郁药品帮他们重新找回生活中的乐趣——我却很怀疑病情诊断是如何定义孩子们的厌倦状态的。

54.

I watch my little daughter’s face as she absorbs the powerful onslaught (冲击) of arousing visuals and bloody special effects in movies.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I watch my little daughter’s face。as引导时间状语

从句，意为“当……时候”，主句是I watch my little daughter’s face。

【译文】据我观察，当面对电影里那些色情画面和血腥的特效场面产生的巨大冲击时，我小女儿的表情总是十分专注。

55.

Then, as we stepped off the ride, he shrugged and, in a distressingly calm voice, remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides he’s been on.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为he shrugged and remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides he’s been on。第一个as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，in a distressingly calm voice是插入的状语。that引导宾语从句，作remarked 的宾语。not as… as意为“不如，不及”，引导比较状语从句，省略从句谓语were。he’s been on是一个省略that的定语从句，修饰rides。

【译文】然后，当我们从过山车上下来的时候，儿子耸耸肩，用平静但有点不爽的口气说，这并不比他以前坐过的过山车更刺激。

56.

In the past, the people of the middle class mostly deemed that they’d be rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the people of the middle class mostly deemed…。they’d be rich themselves someday or have a good shot at becoming rich是that引导的宾语从句，作deemed的宾语。

【译文】以前，中产阶级大都认为总有一天他们会自己富起来，至少他们会努力去变富。

57.

He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为He hoped…。hoped后面是省略that的宾语从句。从句中，how引导宾语从句，作into的宾语。where引导定语从句，修饰places，where在该从句中作地点状语。

【译文】他希望在这所大学的工作能使他洞察到道德如何在私欲膨胀的地方发挥作用。

58.

The middle class may also wake up to forget its loyalty to the so-called free enterprise system altogether and the government which governs only the rest of us while letting the corporations do what they please with our jobs.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为The middle class may wake up to forget its loyalty to the system and the government。loyalty to有两个宾语free enterprise和government。which引导定语从句，修饰government。while引导让步状语从句，从句省略主谓结构it is。what they please with our jobs是宾语从句，作do的宾语。【译文】中产阶级也该觉醒了，完全忘掉对所谓的自由公司体系和对政府的忠诚，政府只管理我们这些人，却放任那些公司随心所欲地处理我们的工作。

59.

Yet I have been reflecting more and more on how the pace of life and the intensity of stimulation may be contributing to the rising rates of psychiatric problems among children and adolescents in our society. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I have been reflecting。how引导宾语从句，作on

的宾语。more and more… 意为“越来越……”。

【译文】我开始越来越多地反思：我们的生活节奏和所受刺激的强度是如何导致社会上儿童和青少年精神问题患病率的增长的。

60.

The landlords lobby protested that it would involve too much paperwork over too little money — less than $10 interest a year on a $1,000 deposit, at current rates.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为The landlords lobby protested…。that引导宾语从句，作protested的宾语。at current rates是插入成分。

【译文】房东游说团反对说，这将会因为一点小钱而增加太多的文书工作——按照现在的利率计算，1000美元押金每年的利息还不到10美元。

61.

The day the report was released, the U.S. House, in a tie vote, upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore and library records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the U.S. House upheld the government’s right to obtain bookstore and library records。The day the report was released是时间状语从句。in a tie vote为插入成分。

【译文】报道发表的那一天，在投票结果不分胜负的情况下，美国议院赞成政府按照《美国爱国者法案》的规定，获得书店和图书馆的记录信息。

62.

Today, school is where most people come into contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science for the first time, at least in a systematic way.(2006年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为school is where people come into contact with a formal instruction and explanation of science。where引导表语从句，放在系动词is 后面。at least in a systematic way为插入成分。

【译文】现在，学校成为许多人首次接受正规教育和科学解释的地方，至少以比较系统的方式。

63.

And because of what he’s seen taught in business schools, he’s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals.(2006年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为he’s not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals。because of引出原因状语。what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。taught 是后置定语修饰这个宾语从句。

【译文】因为见过商学院里的教学情况，所以他对最近一连串的公司丑闻并不感到吃惊。

64.

As a result, children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget them shortly afterwards. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为children memorize processes。such as表示举例说明。“only to+动词”是固定结构，作结果状语，一般位于一个句子中的第二部分，表示一系列事情中“较晚”发生的。这种不定式经常用来描写出乎意料的或者是不受欢迎的事件，有的时候可以省略only。

【译文】结果，孩子们记忆像数学公式或周期表这样的程序，过后不久就忘掉了。

65.

It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits (赤字)” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为It is an educational campaign。more important是插入成分。to highlight… of all kinds 是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰campaign。the unequal conditions 是reality的同位语。that 引导的定语从句修饰conditions。【译文】更重要的是要开展教育运动，使人们重视当代出现的各种“种族赤字”，也就是要重视影响各阶层黑人的不平等条件。

66.

This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为This group will still include…。who引导定语从句，先行词为middle-income seniors on Medicare；第二个定语从句是that starts in 2006，其先行词是the new drug benefit。

【译文】这个群体也包括那些中等收入的依赖美国医疗保障制度的老年人，在从2006年实施的新药品福利中受益之前，他们也不得不大大支出一笔费用。

67.

When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression.(2006年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression。a social psychologist at the University of Toronto是Jonathan Freedman的同位语。when引导时间状语从句。

【译文】加拿大多伦多大学的社会心理学教授乔纳森·弗里德曼仔细审阅了这些文献资料后发现，只有大约200份研究涉及看电视与攻击行为。

68.

The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction. (2006年6月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The intent is an important step。to collect and standardize是动词不定式作定语，修饰intent。

【译文】新建立的哈佛大学媒体与儿童健康中心意图收集并以统一标准衡量媒体暴力，以便能够比较它们背后的方法论、假设及结论，这是在正确的研究方向上迈出的重要一步。

69.

Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statemen t: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies point overwhelmingly to causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.” (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Skeptics were dismayed several years ago。when 引导时间状语从句。直接引语部分是同位语，具体说明statement的内容。

【译文】几年前，包括美国医学会在内的几家团体试图通过发表联合声明来终止

这种争论，声明中说：“到目前为止，已有1,000多项研究以压倒性优势指出了媒体暴力与一些儿童的攻击行为之间存在因果关系。”这令怀疑论者们很是沮丧。70.

The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The First Reconstruction ended slavery and gave black men rights, but gave no compensation。三个谓语动词，即ended、gave和gave，分别由and和but连接。

【译文】第一次重构(1865—1877)结束了奴隶制并很快赋予了黑人男性选举权，但是却没有对两个世纪以来的无偿劳动给予有意义的补偿。

71.

And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert for the first signs of potential problems. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为educators are trying to get the message to parents…。that引导同位语从句，具体说明message的内容。to parents分隔了中心词和同位语。

【译文】而且教育家们正试图让家长明白他们应该警惕潜在问题的最初征兆。72.

Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job —thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为more and more Americans are declining the retirement dinner。过去分词Buoyed作原因状语，它的逻辑主语是older Americans，old Americans与buoy所表达的关系是被动承受。现在分词短语lessening… 作结果状语。

【译文】在法律和法庭判决的支持下，越来越多的美国老年人正在拒绝退休而宁愿选择继续工作——因此减少了年轻人的就业和升职机会。

73.

Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in model rooms and free coffee on airliners. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为the discounts have become a part of businesses。过去分词短语unheard of a generation ago作状语，它的逻辑主语是the discounts。破折号后的内容是插入成分。as… as结构表示同级比较，意为“和…一样”。

【译文】实际上，人们在二三十年前还没听说过折扣，但现在折扣已经成为许多行业的惯常行为了——就像样板间里的彩电和飞机上的免费咖啡一样普通。74.

Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. (2006年6月)

【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为Senior citizen discounts enhance the myth and they threaten the creation of a new myth。句中的两个myth后面都是that引导的

同位语从句，解释说明两种观念的内容。

【译文】老年人折扣只是加强了这样一种观念，即认为老年人不能照顾自己而需要特殊对待；它们也预示了一种新观念的形成，即老年人实际上并不感谢这种特殊对待，并且让孩子和其他年龄群的人负担自己。

75.

When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为I wish I could… squeeze on me。句首When引导时间状语从句。I wish后面是省略that的宾语从句，其中又包含由when引导的时间状语从句。wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实情况相反的愿望，因此使用了虚拟语气。

【译文】当我想到有关世界人口过剩的所有问题，看着我们的儿子抓起沙发旁的台灯时，就在想如果那时在父母逼着我生孩子的时候，自己能够求助于“有计划地成为祖父母”这一组织就好了。

76.

At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to “economic needs”, that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are “near the market” and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the politicians demand of scientists…。句中前两个that引导的宾语从句都作demand的宾语，从句中用了虚拟语气，谓语构成为(should+)原形动词。最后一个that引导定语从句，修饰proposals。定语从句中，are和can be translated是并列谓语。注意demand+of+sb.+that 从句的结构。

【译文】同时，政客们要求科学家使其研究适应于经济的需求，也要求他们优先着手那些“靠近市场”并能在最短期内获得最大投资回报的研究提案。

77.

Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为scientists have little choice but to comply。连词as 引导原因状语从句，用了部分倒装结构，正常语序是as they are dependent on politicians for much of their funding。little表示否定，用法相当于no。but表示“只能，只有”，but后的动词形式要根据but前面有没有do来判断，一般是“有do没to,没do有to”。

【译文】由于科学家的许多基金都依靠这些政客，因此他们没有别的选择，只能遵从。

78.

Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为children are vulnerable to the influence。exerted by grandchildless parents为过去分词作后置定语，修饰influence。aiming to persuade their kids to produce children为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰parents。

【译文】同时，在还没有孙儿的父母所施加的压力下，大部分子女很容易被说服同意要孩子。

79.

The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dress for success.” (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The notion of success haunts us。冒号后的分句解释说明前面的分句。现在分词reading和learning作并列的宾语补足语。该用法源于固定结构spend… (in) d oing，表示“花费…做”。此外，“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。

【译文】我们时时刻刻想着要成功：我们每年都花费数百万美元去阅读关于富人或名人的书籍，学习如何“白手起家挣大钱”，学习如何“为了成功而穿着打扮”。

80.

Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为some people may still distrust him… or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding。Even if引导让步状语从句。or连接两个并列谓语may distrust和wonder。who do是定语从句，修饰those。【译文】即使那个教授不是任何一家公司的顾问，有些人仍然可能因为他和那些担任顾问的人有交往而不信任他，或者至少会怀疑他的一些研究资金的来源。81.

Planned Grandparenthood’s carefully-written literature would detail all the joys of life grandchild-free: a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为literature would detail the joys。a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc是举例说明“快乐的生活”。

【译文】“有计划地成为祖父母”组织精心撰写的文章，详细描绘了没有孙儿的快乐生活：安静的起居室，在暮年仍有额外的钱买奢侈品等等。

82.

At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为children could obtain non-biased information。targeted by their parents to reproduce是过去分词短语作定语，修饰children，children与target是被动承受的关系。

【译文】在“有计划地成为祖父母”这个组织中，被父母逼着要孩子的子女能够获得客观的信息，进而知道自己要孩子的想法是愚蠢的。

83.

That shift, in turn, places an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers”, a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为That shift places an unprecedented premium on

“knowledge workers”。in turn作为状语分隔了主句的主语和谓语。a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people为同位语，解释说明“knowledge workers”。who 引导定语从句，修饰people。as为介词，表示“当作”。

【译文】这种改变反过来会使得“知识型工人”获得前所未有的重视。这是一个新的阶层，他们富裕、受过教育、易变通，并认为自己是卖方市场中的自由分子。

84.

Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为Public distrust stems from the blurring of boundaries。介词短语in part将作谓语的动词词组stems from分隔开来。between… and… 是介词短语作定语，修饰boundaries。

【译文】公众不信任科学家的部分原因是科学和技术、发现和生产之间的界限模糊不清。

85.

The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为The promise drew immigrants and fueled expansion。where引导定语从句，修饰land, where在从句中作地点状语。从句中with equal steps是方式状语。

【译文】在这块土地上，“每个人付出多少劳动，就得到多少回报”，这种承诺吸引了许多贫穷的欧洲移民，并推动了整个国家向西部地区的扩展。

86.

Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Every American also knows the fear of failure。who hopes to “make it”是定语从句，修饰Every American。because引导原因状语从句。the haves and the have-nots和the stars and the anonymous crowd是平行结构，都作between的宾语。

【译文】每个渴望成功的美国人同时也害怕失败，因为成功的神话不可避免地意味着在有钱人和穷人、名人和普通人之间的比较。

87.

Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines “our scientists” have invented, the new drugs to relieve old ailments (病痛), and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously intractable (难治疗的) conditions may now be treated and lives saved. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Politicians remind their voters of…。三个名词性短语the splendid machines，the new drugs和the new surgical equipment and techniques是平行结构，都作of的宾语。“our scientists” have invented是省略that 的定语从句，修饰machines; which引导定语从句，修饰equipment and techniques，by与先行词which构成搭配。lives saved两词中间省略了may now be。

【译文】政客们使他们的选民回想起“我们的科学家”所发明的绝妙的机器、新研制的缓解旧疾的药品、发明的用于治疗以前不能救治的疑难杂症并挽救生命的外

科手术设备和技术。

88.

In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为globalization has started a variety of trends。冒号后面四个平行的名词短语，解释说明a variety of trends。

【译文】在短短几年里，全球化就已经引发了多种趋势，并带来深远的影响：市场开放、真正的全球竞争、解除政府对工业的广泛控制以及大量可获得的资本的出现。

89.

Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new businesses, wiped out others, and produced a pervasive (广泛的) demand for continuous innovation. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为the pace has created business, wiped out others, and produced a demand。后两个谓语动词前省略了助动词has。

【译文】除了信息技术领域，几乎每个产业的技术变化的加速发展都创造了全新的产业，淘汰了其他一些产业，并对持续创新提出了广泛的需求。

90.

It is one of the great paradoxes of our culture that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为that we believe in the equality, yet strive to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens is a paradox。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主句从句，由yet连接的两个并列句构成。as… as… 引导比较状语从句，在这里意为“尽可能…”。

【译文】在我们文化中的一大矛盾就是我们在坚定信奉基本的人人平等的同时，也在拼命地将自己和我们的同胞区分开来。

91.

The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为The staff would include depressed grandparents。who引导定语从句，修饰grandparents。从句中how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick作explain的宾语。

【译文】其工作人员会包括一些很沮丧的祖父母，他们会向人们解释孙儿们如何打破灯具、乱咬乱叫、拳打脚踢。

92.

When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. (2005年12月)

【分析】本句为复合句。主句为we cannot be blamed for wondering whether…

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英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。

历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总

历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总（上） 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words. 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：大量物种灭绝 今天我们来看这样一个句子： The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically has given rise to such hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth asmeteors and causing widespread devastation upon impact. (TPO15, 46) recur /r'k/ v. 再发生，复发 periodically adv.定期地，周期性发生地 hypothesis /ha'pɑθss/ n. 假说，假设 deflect /d'flkt/ v. (使某物)运动转向;使某人改变原来的计划 meteor /'mit/ n. 流星 devastation /dev'sten/ n. 毁坏，荒废 impact /m'pækt/ n. 撞击，冲击;影响 such sth as/that...：(像後面提及的)那样的, 这样的 我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解 The possibility (that mass extinctions may recur periodically) has given rise to such hypotheses as that (of a companion star)(with a long-period orbit) (deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits), (making some of them fall to Earth as meteors) and (causing widespread devastation upon impact). (TPO15, 46) 托福阅读长难句100句分析：