大学英语自学教程课文上unit1

[00:00.00]Unit 1 Text A

[00:16.00]第一单元课文A

[00:32.00]on the other hand

[00:35.76]How to Be a Successful Language Learner?

[00:37.89]怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者

[00:40.02]"Learning a language is easy.Even a child can do it!" [00:42.75]“学好一种语言很容易。连孩子都做得到！”

[00:45.48]Most adults who are learning a second language

[00:47.56] 大多数学习第二语言的成年人

[00:49.63]would disagree with this statement.

[00:51.51]不会同意这一说法。

[00:53.39]For them,learning a language is a very difficult task. [00:55.97] 对于他们来说，学习语言是一项很困难的任务。

[00:58.54]They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, [01:00.83]他们需要数百小时的学习和练习，

[01:03.11]and even this will not guarantee success

[01:05.44]就是这样也不能保证

[01:07.76]for every adult language learner.

[01:09.75]每一位成年语言学习者都能成功。

[01:11.73]Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. [01:14.11]语言学习不同于基它种类的学习。

[01:16.49]some people who are very intelligent

[01:18.41]有些很聪明并在自己领域

[01:20.33]and successful in theier fields find it difficult

[01:22.70]很有成就的人却发现

[01:25.08]to succeed in language learing.

[01:26.96]学好语言很难。

[01:28.84]Conversely,some people who are successful language learners [01:31.62]相反，有些成功的语言学习者

[01:34.41]find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

[01:36.78]发现他们在其它领域取得成就也很难。

[01:39.16]Language teachers often offer advice to language learners; [01:41.64]语言教师通常给语言学习者提出建议：

[01:44.12]"Read as much as you can in the new language."

[01:46.36]“尽量多读外语。”

[01:48.59]"Practice speaking the language every day."

[01:50.56]“每天练习说外语。”

[01:52.54]"Live with people who speak the language."

[01:54.46]“和说外语的人多接触。”

[01:56.38]"Don't translate--try to think in the new language."

[01:59.05]“不要翻译——努力用外语思维。”

[02:01.73]"Learn as a child would learn;play with the language."

[02:04.21]“像孩子那样学习；轻轻松松学语言。”

[02:06.69]But what does a successful language learner do?

[02:11.16]Language learning research

[02:12.78]语言学习研究表明，

[02:14.40]shows that successful language language learners are similar in many ways. [02:17.22]成功的语言学习者许多方面是相似的。

[02:20.04]First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.

[02:23.07]首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。

[02:26.10]They do not depend on the book or the teacher;

[02:28.34]他们不依赖书本或老师；

[02:30.57]they discover their own way to learn the language.

[02:32.75]他们找到自己学外语的方法。

[02:34.93]Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,

[02:37.11]他们不等着老师去解释，

[02:39.29]they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.

[02:41.82]而是自己努力去找出句型和规则等。

[02:44.34]They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. [02:47.52]他们很会猜测，会找出线索并得出自己的结论。

[02:50.71]When they guess wrong,they guess again.

[02:52.75]要是猜错了，他们会再猜。

[02:54.79]They try to learn from their mistakes.

[02:56.76]他们会努力从自己的错误中学到东西。

[02:58.73]Successful language learning is active learning.

[03:03.69]Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; [03:06.93]因此，成功的语言学习者不坐等说外语的机会；

[03:10.17]they look for such a chance.

[03:11.95]他们会寻找这样的机会。

[03:13.72]They find people who speak the language

[03:15.60]他们找到那些说外语的人

[03:17.49]and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. [03:20.12]并请他们纠正自己犯的错误。

[03:22.76]They will try anything to communicate.

[03:24.68]他们会尽一切努力与人交流。

[03:26.60]They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange thing; [03:29.38]他们不害怕重复所听到东西，也不担心自己会说些莫名其妙的话。

[03:32.17]they are willing to make mistakes and try again.

[03:34.39]他们情愿犯些错误，然后再重来。

[03:36.61]When communication is difficult,

[03:38.38]在交流有困难时，

[03:40.16]they cna accept information that is inexact or incomplete.

[03:42.64]他们能够接受不准确或不完整的信息。

[03:45.12]It is more important for them

[03:46.95]于他们来说，

[03:48.78]to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

[03:51.81]用外语思维比了解每个词的意思更为重要。

[03:54.84]finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.

[03:57.68]最后，成功的语言学习者是目的明确的学习者。

[04:00.51]They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language [04:03.38]他们是因为对外语和说外语的人

[04:06.26]and the people who speak it .

[04:07.84]感兴趣才学外语的。

[04:09.42]It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people

[04:12.45]他们认为有必要学习外语以便

[04:15.48]and to learn from them.

[04:17.01]能与说外语的人交流并向他们学习。

[04:18.53]They find it easy to practice using the language regularly

[04:20.87]所以他们感到经常练习说外语并不难。

[04:23.21]because they want to learn with it.

[04:24.99]因为他们想利用外语学习新东西，

[04:26.76]What kind of language learner are you?

[04:28.59]你是哪一种语言学习者呢？

[04:30.42]If you are a successful language learner,

[04:32.34]你若是一名成功的语言学习者，

[04:34.26]you have probably been learning independently,

[04:36.55]你大概一直在独立地、

[04:38.83]actively,and purposefully.

[04:40.66]主动地、目的明确地学习。

[04:42.49]On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful, [04:45.31]反之，如果你的外语学得一直不太成功，

[04:48.13]you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

[04:50.72]你不妨试试上面概括的一些技巧。

[04:53.30]Text B

[04:54.92]课文B

[04:56.54]Language

[04:58.12]语言

[04:59.70]when we want to tell other people what we think,

[05:02.22]当我们要把自己的想法告诉别人时，

[05:04.74]we can do it not only with the help of words,but also in many other ways. [05:08.83]我们不仅可以借助于词语，还可用许多其它方法。

[05:12.92]For instance,We sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes"

[05:16.94]比方说，我们想说“是”的时候通常点点头；

[05:20.97]and we move our heads from side to side when we want to say"no"

[05:24.21]而想说“不”的时候就摇摇头。

[05:27.44]People who can neither hear nor speak (that is,deaf and dumb people)

[05:31.42]那些既听不见也不能说的人（即聋哑人）

[05:35.39]talk to each other with the help of their fingers.

[05:38.12]则用手势相互交谈。

[05:40.85]People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same. [05:44.63]人们彼此语言不通时也这么做。

[05:48.42]The following story shows how they sometimes do it.

[05:51.35]下面的故事就表现他们有时是这么做的。

[05:54.27]An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.

[05:57.96]有一次，一位不会说意大利语的英国人曾在意大利旅行。

[06:01.64]One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table.

[06:05.18]一天他走进一家钣店并坐在一张桌旁。

[06:08.72]When the waiter came,the Englishman opened his mouth,

[06:11.75]当侍者走过来时，这位英国人张开嘴，

[06:14.78]put his fingers in it,took them out again and moved his lips.

[06:18.66]把手指放在嘴里，又拿了出来，并动了动嘴唇。

[06:22.54]In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat."

[06:26.22]他想以此说，“给我拿点吃的来。”

[06:29.90]The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea.

[06:32.63]侍者很快给他端来一杯茶。

[06:35.36]The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea,

[06:39.75]这位英国人摇摇头，侍者明白了他并不想要茶。

[06:44.14]so he took it away and brought him rome coffee.

[06:46.92]于是他把茶端走又给他端来了咖啡。

[06:49.70]The Englishman,who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty, [06:53.53]这位英国人这时已非常锇但一点也不渴，

[06:57.36]looked very sad.

[06:59.40]所以他看上去很不高兴。

[07:01.43]He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. [07:04.92]侍者每次给他端来喝的东西时，他都摇摇头。

[07:08.41]The waiter brought him wine,then beer,

[07:11.53]侍者给他端来了葡萄酒，接着是啤酒，

[07:14.65] then soda-water,but that wasn't food,of course.

[07:17.83]然后是苏打水，可这些当然都不是吃的。

[07:21.00]He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. [07:24.79]他正要离开时，另一位旅客进来了。

[07:28.57]When this man saw the waiter,he put his hands on his stomach.

[07:32.21]这个人看到了侍者就把双手放到肚子上。

[07:35.84]That was enough: in a few minutes

[07:38.71]这就足够了：几分钟之后

[07:41.58]there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him. [07:45.32]一大盘通心粉和肉就摆在了他面前。

[07:49.05]As you see,the primitive language of signs is not always very clear. [07:53.59]可见，这种原始的确良手势语言不总是非常明确的。

[07:58.12]The language of words is much more exact.

[08:01.35]词语的语言要准确得多。

[08:04.57]Words consist of sounds,

[08:07.21]词语由声音组成

[08:09.85]but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words. [08:13.68]然而有许多声音虽有一定的意义却不是词语。

[08:17.50]For example,we may say "Sh-sh-sh" when we mean "keep silent."

[08:21.58]例如，我们想说“保持安静”时就会说“嘘——嘘——嘘”。

[08:25.65]When babies laugh,we know they are happy,

[08:28.49]当婴儿笑时，我们知道他们很高兴。

[08:31.32]and when they cry,we know they are iii or simply want something.

[08:34.59]当他们哭时，我们知道他们病了或只是想要某个东西。

[08:37.85]It is the same with animals.

[08:40.35]动物也是这样。

[08:42.84]When a dog says "G-r-r" or a cat says "F-f-f" we know they are angry.

[08:47.41]当一条狗发出，“G——r——r”的声音或一只猫发出“F——f——f”的声音时，我们知道它们生气了。

[08:51.98]But these sounds are not language.

[08:54.66]但是这些声音不是语言。

[08:57.34]Language consists of words which we put together into sentences.

[09:01.06]语言是由我们用于组成句子的词语组成的。

[09:04.78]But animals can not do this:a dog can say "G-r-r" when he means "I am angry," [09:08.96]可是动物不会这么做么：狗想说“我生气了”时会叫“G——r——r”，

[09:13.14]but he cannot say first "I' and then "am" and then "angry."

[09:17.41]但它不能说“我”，然后说“生气”，然后说“了”。

[09:21.68]A parrot can talk like a man;

[09:23.87]鹦鹉可以像人一样说话；

[09:26.05]it can repeat whole sentences and knows what they mean. [09:29.38]它可以重复整句话，也知道这句话意思。

[09:32.71]We may say that a parrot talks,but cannot say that it really speaks, [09:36.84]我们可以说鹦鹉学舌，但我们不能说它真正会说话，

[09:40.96]because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows. [09:44.93]因为它不能用所知道的词语组成新的句子。

[09:48.90]Only man has the power to do this.

[09:51.48]只有人才有这种能力。

大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by

大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义

视频互动讲义四 课次: 英语二第4次视频互动教学 时间: 月日周三19:30-21:00 主题: 第七、八单元重点回顾，语法讲解，实战演练 主讲: 高伟老师 同学们，大家好！经过前三次的洗礼，你们对英语二教材中的重点知识点的回顾应该有一种感觉：在学习完精讲课件、背过教材中的单词和词组后，应该通过我的讲义对教材有一个更为深层的认识，似乎考点到处密布，要求我们掌握的东西越来越多。请大家冷静，不要烦躁----想通过英语二并非易事，但也绝非不可能。我们只要有信心，有毅力，我想任何考试都不是不可战胜的。 解惑： turn down：关小，拒绝 turn in：上缴，交出 turn into：变成 turn off/on：关掉/接通，打开 turn out：制造，生产，结果是 turn over：移交，翻过来 turn to：变成，借助于 turn up：出现，发生。 near与nearly：前者更多使用的是介词，表示“在附近，近”，后者更多为副词用法，表示“几乎，差不多”。另外，关注一下nearby。 devise与device：前者是动词，表示“想出，设计出”，后者名词，表示“办法，装置”。 drop与fall：两个都是动词，前者表示“失手落下”，后者表示“跌到，落下”。 decline表示“婉拒”，refuse表示“拒绝”，口气更为强烈。 一、第七单元重点内容的回顾

Text A 1.find----finding(s)：注意词性转换。 2.★be concerned with/about(As far as I’m concerned)：注意词组的固定用法。 3.★attach importance(oneself)to：注意词组的固定用法。 4.generally speaking：注意固定用法。 5.★in terms of：注意与by means of区别。 6.★carry out：注意词组搭配，同时注意与carry有关的所有词组。 7.★desire----★desirable----desired：注意词性转换并注意虚拟语气的使用。 8. ★take to：注意词组搭配，有关与take搭配的词组。 9.enjoy----enjoyment：注意词性转换。 10.★in a (great)variety of：注意词组固定搭配。 11.★It is...belief that：注意belief(fact, suggestion, doubt…)后面从句的连接词that。 12.put to good use：注意词组搭配。 13. impart… to：注意词组搭配。 14. it can be argued that…：注意句型，翻译常考。 15.relevant to：注意词组搭配。 16.leader----leadership：注意词性的转换。 17. set… as objective：注意词组搭配。 18.the attainment of a balanced development of the person：注意中文翻译的准确性。 Text B 1.★get through：注意有关get词组应记牢。 2.look ahead to：注意词组搭配。 3.★run out(of)：注意词组含义及搭配。 4.allocate for(to)：注意词组含义。 5.★adjust(to)----adjustment(to)：注意词性的转换。

大学英语综合教程答案

3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

大学英语自学教程(上册) unit 23 非言语交际

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大学英语综合教程答案

Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF.

B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go.

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

大学英语自学教程电子版教材上册

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大学英语综合教程答案

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