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英语国家概况课后题汇总及答案

英语国家概况课后题汇总及答案
英语国家概况课后题汇总及答案

英美社会与文化复习题

I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.

1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .

A. Great Britain and Ireland

B. Great Britain and Scotland

C. Great Britain and Wales

D. Great Britain and England

2.is the capital city of Scotland.

3. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff

4.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.

A. 160

B. 600

C. 60

D. 16

5.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.

A. England

B. Scotland

C. Wales

D. Northern Ireland

6.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.

A. northeastern

B. southeastern

C. northwestern

D. southwestern

7.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.

A. Celtic

B. Indo-Iranian

C. Germanic

D. Roman

8.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to

English.

A. Danish and Finnish

B. Dutch and German

C. French and Italian

D. Latin and Greek

9.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.

A. Norman

B. Dutch

C. German

D. Danish

10.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .

A. grammar

B. handwriting

C. spelling

D. pronunciation

11.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.

A. half

B. a quarter

C. one third

D. one fifth

12.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.

A. Norman

B. Danish

C. Celtic

D. Germanic

13.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.

A. Celtic Christianity

B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity

C. Germanic Christianity

D. Roman Christianity

14.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .

A. St. Augustine

B. Edward the Confessor

C. William the Conqueror

D. Alfred the Great

15.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.

A. Viking invasion

B. signing of the Magna Carta

C. Norman Conquest

D. Adoption of common law

16.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .

A. the House of Valois

B. the House of York

C. the House of Tudor

D. the House of Lancaster

17.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .

A. divorce his wife

B. break with Rome

C. support the Protestants

D. declare his supreme power over the church

18.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .

A. Protestants and Puritans

B. Royalists and Parliamentarians

C. nobles and peasants

D. aristocrats and Christians

19.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.

A. Bill of Rights

B. Act of Supremacy

C. Provisions of Oxford

D. Magna Carta

20.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.

A. 17th

B. 18th

C. 19th

D. 20th

21.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.

A. 17th

B. 18th

C. 19th

D. 20th

22.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following

branches with the exception of the .

A. judiciary

B. legislature

C. monarchy

D. executive

23.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .

A. passing the bills

B. advising the government

C. political parties

D. public attitude

24.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.

A. rival

B. complement

C. criticize

D. inspect

25.British Cabinet works on the principle of .

A. collective responsibility

B. individual responsibility

C. defending the collectivism

D. defending the individuals

26.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .

A. make decisions

B. give advice

C. pass bills

D. supervise the Cabinet

27.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

28.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.

A. Wales

B. England

C. Scotland

D. Northern Ireland

29.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.

A. single-party

B. two-party

C. three-party

D. multi-party

30.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .

A. government intervention

B. nationalization of enterprises

C. social reform

D. a belief in individualism

31.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .

A. set up the National Health Service

B. improved public transportation

C. abolished the old tax system

D. enhanced the economic development

32.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .

A. 1860s

B. 1870s

C. 1880s

D.1890s

33.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.

A. 1945

B. 1946

C. 1947

D. 1948

34.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.

A. oil crisis

B. high inflation rates

C. large imports

D. unemployment problem

35.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.

A. reducing child benefits

B. shortening the unemployment benefits period

C. reducing the unemployment

D. lowering old age pensions

36.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .

A. limiting government spending

B. keeping inflation under control

C. reducing unemployment

D. reducing inequality

37.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.

A. 54%

B. 64%

C. 74%

D.84%

38.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .

A. the North Sea

B. the English Channel

C. The sea area around Ireland

D. The sea area between Britain and Ireland

39.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.

A. 1/3

B. 1/4

C. 1/5

D. 2/3

40.The car industry in Britain in mostly .

A. foreign-owned

B. state-owned

C. joint-venture

D. privately-owned

41.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end

of Word War II.

A. agriculture

B. energy industry

C. service industry

D. manufacturing industry

42.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the

introduction of comprehensive schools in the .

A. 1930s

B. 1940s

C. 1950s

D. 1960s

43.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the

independent system.

A. 5%

B. 6%

C. 7%

D. 8%

44.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining

funds from all the following sources except .

A. tuition fees

B. loans

C. donations

D. corporate contributions

45.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.

A. result in national entrance test

B. A-level result

C. an interview

D. school references

46.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .

A. some educational qualifications

B. no educational qualifications

C. General Certificate of Education-Advanced

D. General National Vocational Qualifications

47.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three”

with the exception of .

A. The Times

B. The Guardian

C. The Observer

D. The Daily Telegraph

48.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500

million viewers worldwide.

A. feature

B. drama

C. documentary

D. soap opera

49.is Britain’s top pay television provider.

A. BSB

B. SkyTV

C. BBC

D. BSkyB

50.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.

A. families getting together

B. friends exchanging good wishes

C. friends enjoying each other’s company

D. families traveling overseas

51.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .

A. Trooping the Color

B. Queen’s Christmas message

C. Boxing Day

D. Christmas pantomime

52.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .

A. poetry

B. drama

C. novel

D. pamphlet

53.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”

A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”

B. Don Juan

C.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”

D. Prometheus Unbound

54.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.

A. A Tale of Two Cities

B. David Copperfield

C. Oliver Twist

D. Great Expectations

55.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.

A. Robert Louis Stevenson

B. John Milton

C. Joseph Conrad

D. Thomas Hardy

56.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.

A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.

B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.

C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.

D. Treasure Island was a representative work.

57.is NOT included in the modernist group.

A. Oscar Wild

B. Virginia Woolf

C. William Butler Yeats

D. T. S. Eliot

58.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.

A. Jude the Obscure

B. Tess of the D’Urbervilles

C. Adam Bede

D. The Return of the Native

59.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.

A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.

B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.

C. She was an influential feminist.

D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.

60.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.

A. Samuel Beckett

B. James Joyce

C. William Golding

D. V. S. Naipaul

61.Waiting for Godot is written by .

A. Samuel Beckett

B. George Orwell

C. William Golding

D. D. H. Lawrence

62.The United States has states on the continent.

A. 50

B. 49

C. 48

D. 35

63.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.

A. Alaska

B. Hawaii

C. Texas

D. Florida

64.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the

Atlantic to its and the Pacific to its .

A. northern, east, west

B. central, east, west

C. southern, west, east

D. western, east, west

65.The largest river in the U. S. is .

A. the Missouri River

B. the Mississippi River

C. the Ohio River

D. the Colorado River

66.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .

A. in the South

B. along the Pacific Coast

C. in New England

D. in the Midwest

67.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

A. Yellowstone National Park

B. The Grand Canyon

C. Niagara Falls

D. The Great Salt Lake

68.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .

A. Indians

B. Eskimos

C. Aleuts

D. Blacks

69.The largest minority in the United States is the .

A. Pacific Islanders

B. Blacks

C. Native Americans

D. Asians

70.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States,

particularly from .

A. Europe

B. Asia

C. Africa

D. South America

71.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .

A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class

B. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class

C. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-class

D. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class

72.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .

A. Jamestown, Louisiana

B. Boston, Massachusetts

C. Jamestown, Virginia

D. Plymouth, Georgia

73.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution in

England.

A. Protestants

B. Puritans

C. Catholics

D. Christians

74.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .

A. French and American Indians

B. French and Spaniards

C. French and British

D. British and American Indians

75.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .

A. the settlers of Virginia

B. the people of Pennsylvania

C. the colonists in New England

D. the people of the 13 colonies

76.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .

A. Concord

B. Lexington

C. Philadelphia

D. Boston

77.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a

national government.

A. the First Continental Congress

B. the Second Continental Congress

C. the Boston Tea Party

D. the Congress of Confederation

78.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.

A. Declaration of Independence

B. Constitution

C. Emancipation Proclamation

D. Bill of Rights

79.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.

A. neutrality

B. full involvement

C. partial involvement

D. appeasement

80.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.

A. Wilson

B. Truman

C. Roosevelt

D. Kennedy

81.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the

terms of Presidents .

A. Johnson, Nixon and Ford

B. Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy

C. Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon

D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson

82.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .

A. 1787

B. 1789

C. 1791

D. 1793

83.The Constitution of the United States .

A. gives the most power to Congress

B. gives the most power to the President

C. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others

D. gives the most power to the Supreme Court

84.The Bill of Rights .

A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President

B. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedoms

C. is part of the Declaration of Independence

D. has no relationship with the Constitution

85.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

A. freedom of religion

B. the right to get into people’s house by police

C. freedom of speech and of press

D. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes

86.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.

A. the Senator

B. the Representative

C. the Secretary of State

D. the President

87.The following except are all powers of the President.

A. vetoing any bills passed by Congress

B. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur

C. making laws

D. issuing executive orders

88.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .

A. at least 35 years old

B. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United States

C. born in America

D. all of the above

89.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.

A. two, four

B. two, three

C. two, six

D. six, two

90.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.

A. six

B. seven

C. eight

D. nine

91.The President is directly voted into office by .

A. all citizens of America

B. the citizens over 18 years old

C. electors elected by the voters

D. the senators and representatives

92.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields

except .

A. machinery

B. automobiles

C. ore

D. chemicals

93.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually,

to .

A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy

B. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy

C. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy

D. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy

94.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.

A. political authority

B. economic rights

C. judicial authority

D. diplomatic authority

95.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .

A. George Washington

B. Thomas Jefferson

C. Andrew Jackson

D. Alexander Hamilton

96.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”

except .

A. typewriter

B. telephone

C. electric light

D. refrigerator

97.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the

following except .

A. Medicare

B. Food Stamps

C. Education Initiatives

D. Unemployment Pension

98.About of American crops are for export.

A. half

B. one third

C. one fourth

D. one fifth

99.The following statements are all true except .

A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.

B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.

C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.

D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.

100.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.

A. Ford

B. General Motors

C. Chrysler

D. American Motors 101.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.

A. 10%

B. 15%

C. 20%

D. 25%

102.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.

A. kindergarten

B. public

C. elementary

D. private

103.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.

A. mathematics and languages

B. politics and business education

C. science and social studies

D. music and physical education

104.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .

A. Yale University

B. Harvard University

C. Princeton University

D. New York University

105.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.

A. universities and colleges

B. research institutions

C. technical institutions

D. community colleges

106.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S.

institutions.

A. choosing the president

B. establishing policies for administrators and faculty

C. approving budget and other financial project

D. decide which student to enroll

107.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .

A. attending lectures and completing assignments

B. passing examinations

C. working for communities

D. earning a certain number of credits

108.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.

A. Harvard University

B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

C. Princeton University

D. Yale University

109.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.

A. The Washington Post

B. The New York Times

C. Los Angeles Times

D. New York Daily News

110.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.

A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)

B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)

C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)

D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) 111.The National Day of the United States falls on .

A. June 4th

B. July 4th

C. June 14th

D. July 14th 112.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.

A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen Poe

B. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan Edwards

C. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards

D. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 113.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.

A. James Fennimore Cooper

B. Ralph Waldo Emerson

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. Washington Irving

114.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.

A. The Scarlet Letter

B. The House of the Seven Gables

C. The Marble Faun

D. Nature

115.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.

A. The Last of the Mohicans

B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

C. Moby Dick

D. Daisy Miller

116.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.

A. colloquial speech

B. a sense of humor

C. a realistic view

D. an idealistic view

117.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.

A. Stephen Crane

B. Frank Norris

C. Theodore Dreiser

D. Herman Melville 118.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .

A. The Great Gatsby, the American Dream

B. Tender is the Night, love

C. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneself

D. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature

119.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.

A. The Sun Also Rises

B. The Sound and the Fury

C. A Farewell to Arms

D. For Whom the Bell Tolls

120.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.

A. Alice Walker

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. William Faulkner

D. Eugene O’Neil

121.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

A.Ralph Ellison

B. Tony Morrison

C. Richard Wright

D. James Baldwin 参考答案:

1-10 A B C D B C D A C B

11-20 D D B C C A B A C D

21-30 C D B A B C C B D A

31-40 C B A C D C D B A C

41-50 D B B A B C C D D A

51-60 B C B D C A C D B A

61-70 C A B B C C D B A D

71-80 C B C D B B C A C D

81-90 B C B B C C D D D C

91-100 C C D D D D B B D A

101-110 C B B B D C B B B B

111-120 C D D C D D A B A B

II. State your understanding of the following questions.

1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?

Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.

2.What were the major causes of Britain’s relative economic decline in the postwar period?

First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.

3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?

It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,

and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.

4. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?

The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books. It is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis.

5. How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?

Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.

An open answer to the second part.

6. Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?

a) Puritans were encouraged to rea d the Bible in order to better understand the God’s will. Thus, education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history.

b) When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build “a city upon hill”—an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations.

c) Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, which had had much influence on the following generations.

d) The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.

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