大学英语专业翻译课课件

翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达出的思维内容准确而整体地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基，1980）

翻译是译者将原语文化信息转换成译语文化信息并求得二者相似的思维活动和语言活动。（黄忠廉，2000）

行合和意合：前者注重语言形式上的接应(cohesion)，后者注重意义上的连贯(coherence)。

形合(hypotaxis)：借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段和形态手段）来实现词语或句子的连接；

形合的语言模式反映了西方重形式逻辑、重实证的思维模式，

意合(parataxis)：不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现词语或句子的连接；意合的语言模式反映了汉民族重内省和体悟、表达简约、不重逻辑、意义模糊的思维模式。

英语形合的三大手段:介词/连词/动词的屈折

汉语意合的三大手段:隐性逻辑（前因后果）/意义/修辞/平行结构/四字格

英语的逻辑和理性的显著特点就是抽象性

汉语往往采用如下的手段来表达英语的抽象词义。

一、用动词取代抽象名词

二、用范畴词使抽象概念具体化

范畴词（category words）用来表示行为、现象、属性等概念所属的范畴，汉语特指手段。

3、用具体的词语阐释抽象的语义

4、用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化（figuration）。

结构调整

1. 省略表范畴的词语

2. 省译重复词语

3. 省译同义词

4. 省译没有实际意义的词语

5. 调整句法结构，省译某些词语

6. 从文化角度省译词语

主语选择的原则

无主句必须添加必要的主语;

必须是句中应该突出的信息；

必须符合英美人的思维视角；

必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯；

必须符合行文连贯的需要。

汉英主谓结构的差别

汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS.英语的综合型(synthetic)语言汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的单一谓语成分

汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓语的多被动式

确定谓语的原则

1. 主谓一致+时态+语气

2. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当

3. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当

4. 根据谓语和状语搭配确定谓语

5. 根据英语表达习惯

6. 谓语的确定应该基于表意的需要

7. 谓语的确定应该基于构句（语法）的需要

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