《美英报刊文章阅读》复习
《美英报刊文章阅读》复习第一题：将15个英语名词短语翻译成中文（15×1）
不好说，不难，自己看书。最好把书上的单词弄懂意思。
第二题：用英语写出5所著名大学或政府机构名字（5×2）
美国大学：Yale University：耶鲁大学Harvard University：哈佛大学
Princeton University：普林斯顿大学Stanford University：斯坦福大学
Brown University：布朗大学University of Pennsylvania：宾夕法尼亚大
Columbia University：哥伦比亚大学……
美国政府机构：白宫（The White House）农业部(ministry of Agriculture)
商务部(Commerce Department) 国防部(Ministry of National Defense)
联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation）教育部(Ministry of Education)
国防部(Department of Defense Administration) ……
第三题：写出5个英语缩写的全称（5×2）
FOR EXAM：UN=United Nations
第四题：翻译15个报刊杂志或出版社名字成中文（15×1）
美国
The New York Times 《纽约时报》
The Washington Post 《华盛顿邮报》
Los Angeles Times 《洛杉矶时报》
USA Today 《今日美国报》
The Wall Street Journal .《华尔街日报》International Herald Tribune .《国际先驱论坛报》
The Christian Science Monitor..《基督教科学箴言报》Time ...《时代》周刊Newsweek …《新闻周刊》
U.S. News & World Report ..《美国新闻与世界报道》Reader’s Digest ..《读者文摘》
Fortune .《财富》
Business Week .《商业周刊》Far Eastern Economic Review .《远东经济评论》英国
The Times . 《泰晤士报》Financial Times 《金融时报》The Guardian 《卫报》
The Daily Telegraphy .《每日电讯报》The Independent .《独立报》
The Economist 《经济学家》The Spectator 《旁观者》New Statesman 《新政治家》
The Associated Press (AP)：美国联合通讯社Reuters：英国路透社United Press International（UPI）：美国合众国际社
第五题：回答与课文相关的5个问题（5×3）
答案见下页。
第六题：翻译段落成中文（35）
课后习题答案
（时间有限，没有将问题一并列出）
Lesson Two
1. Not only had China changed dramatically since most of them had left but also the nation could offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities than ever before.
2. Most of them like to go in for ecommerce.
3. Because IT is the leading industry now.
4. They want to gain experience in the States before they come back.
5. It is the complicated relationship and the uncertainty of our human resource management system.
6. It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to serve their country.
Lesson Three
1. The writer thinks that the best way to appreciate how much changed in China has is to examine the people themselves: what they eat and drink now and how dangerously overweight more than one-fifth of adults are.
2. Traditional Chinese lifestyle emphasizes restraint while the Western lifestyle emphasizes indulgence. The change from Traditional lifestyle to Western indulgence will affect public health strongly: deaths from diet-related illnesses are expected to increase 10 times faster than population growth. And the increase in health care costs could slow down the economic development.
3. Less exercise and more fat in the diet. Because people have more money than before.
4. YES. He believes that increased supplies of alcohol, together with the rising disposable income, have stimulated drinking.
5. YES. Unhealthy eating and drinking may cause diseases like heart attack, stroke and adult-onset diabetes, and the government will have to spend more money to treat these diseases.
Lesson Five
1. in the late fall. This is a challenge to Darwin’s theory which is widely regarded as one of the best-supported ideas in science since it comes from decades of study and objective evidence. Till now Darwin’s theory is the only explanation for the rich variety of life forms on Earth, so scientists fell horrible.
2. Bush supports the idea of introducing both evolutionism and intelligent design in biology class. His attitude will further provoke battles on the topic and even bring more political and competitive pressure on science.
3. NO. Because Darwin’s theory has conflicted with people’s religious convictions. The “monkey trial” was a famous case, in which Tennessee school teacher was convicted of violating the ban of teaching evolution in 1925. That was a big war between creationism and evolutionism.
4. Living things are too exquisitely complex to have evolved by a combination of chance mutations and natural selection. Some pieces in the fossil record that may prove the evolution process are missing.
5. NO. The earlier anti-Darwinists, mostly creationists, regarded evolution as a heresy and they openly claimed the role of God. But the proponents of intelligent design accept some role of evolution and they avoid bringing God into the discussion.
6. They think the intelligent design is faith-based, so the debate about evolution is not a real scientific argument.
7. Because it is difficult for people to argue over such benign and earnest language. This can even make people feel the theory a scientific one and avoid violation against the Constitution.
8. 开放性问题。
Lesson Six
1. It is a riff on classic territorial conquest board game. It more closely resembles an intramural or interscholastic sport than the typical online video game.
2. This game provides players for the possibility of team work, and discussion on strategy and ways to win the hegemony.
3. The game enables players to gather together in the real world to elect commanders, recruit other players and discuss strategy and ways of spying on opponents as they formulate their battle plans.
4. The company will inevitably face challenges if the game continues to show signs of promise. Deep-pockets video companies might start amassing on GXC’s borders with their own versions.
5. GXC creates really intense and enthusiastic groups of online gamers, essentially out of people who have often never played an online game before in their lives. The game also exploits up the social networking to a great
extent.
Lesson seven
1.Do researchers agree with each other on the correlation between college selectivity and future income of the graduates?
No. according to Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale, college selectivity does not affect future earnings of the students very much, especially students with affluent backgrounds. But Caroline Hoxby’s research shows that the choice of different colleges makes a great difference to the students’ future income.
2. Are all state-run universities less competitive than private universities? Please give examples.
No. some state-run universities are more competitive than the private ones, such as the University of Michigan, Ohio’s Miami University and the University of North Carolina.
3. If a candidate is admitted to Harvard University, but decides to go to a state university, will his future earnings be affected?
According to the research of Krueger and Dale, a candidate’s futur e earning will not be affected. His good qualities will be carried to the workplace and he will be duly paid.
4. For students from poor backgrounds, does it affect their future earning to choose an elite university? Why? Yes. That’ because at an elite univ ersity they will have better access to the network of affluent students and alumni, and this will influence their future job hunting.
5. Where do most top companies go to recruit their employees? Why?
The top universities, because that is where the majority of talented students graduate.
6. What has influenced the old pattern of employee recruiting for companiee?
The introduction of the dot-com world has changed the old pattern of employee recruiting for companies. Old companies began to employ students further down the educational food chain, as they can’t hire enough MBAs from Wharton, Harvard and other elite schools.
7. What is the attitude of the author toward the issue of college selectivity?
He keeps a fairly objective point of view. In regard to the correlation between college selectivity and future
income, he makes three points:
(1) An elite education gives students – especially less affluent ones – better access to certain kinds of elite jobs;
(2)There is no economic advantage to choosing an expensive, mediocre private school over a top public one;
(3) Talented students rise to the top everywhere.
Lesson Eight
1. Both elections took place when economy was in recession and the candidates talked about economy most in their campaign.
2. Policymakers are reluctant to admit the economic recession and remain optimistic about the economic prospect.
3. The trouble started with housing.
4. Fiscal policy and monetary policy. As the primaries roll into economically depressed Michigan, the need for the government to stimulate the economy has become a hot political issue.
5. Because rich people account for a disproportionate share of consumer purchase. As long as they keep buying things, the economy can keep growing.
6. Banks have to set aside money for bad loans because of higher write offs of auto and credit-card loans.
7. We still don’t know. Banks recovering from poor lending decisions are less willing to make mortgage loans. And, unlike the argument that the rich will spend anyway, even rich people are struggling and behind in card payment.
Lesson nine
1. What are the most important factors that contributed to Obama’s victory in the presidential election?
1. American people were dissatisfied with Bush’s administration because of its failure in handling of the economy, Hurricane Katrina and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. McCain, the Republican candidate, could not overcome his connections to the increasingly unpopular administration. Though he promised some reform, his proposals, however, largely echoed Bush’s policies. Obama’s reformist message of change, therefore, could inspire people, especially people living at the bottom of the society, the black and the Hispanic for example. Besides, his ability to raise money, his organizational strength and his ability to appeal to white voters also played a very
important role in the Presidential election.
2. Has the Democratic Party won a majority of seats in Congress? What does that mean to Democrats?
Yes. The Democrats already dominated Congress two years earlier,but it was a thin majority. Therefore they want to earn more seats in Congress. Only by so doing could they use their legislative muscle to advance an economic and foreign police agenda that Bush largely blocked for eight years without fearing the Republicans hindering their efforts by filibustering.
3. What are McCain’s and Bush’s attitudes towards Obama’s victory?
McCain congratulated Obama in a phone call and then delivered a gracious concession speech before his supporters. He said,”This is an historic election, and I recognize the special significance it has for African Americans and the specia pride that must be theirs to night.”
Bush called Obama to offer his congratulations. And he promised a smooth transition. He siad, “You are about to go on one of the great journeys of life. Congrratulations, and go enjoy yourself.”
4. Has Obama accomplished his promise to transform the electoral map? How was that map changed?
Yes, he has. The electoral map turned blue in places where Republicans had labored for a decade to cultivate a permanent conservative voter base that would ensure their presidential victories. Obama appeared to have made huge gains among Hispaic voters,earning about two- thirds of their votes. He also captured 95 percent of black voters. Obama won a majority of women and took the support of 49% of men.
5. Why does the writer say Obama made history?
He was the first African American to ascend to the White House. He is the fifth youngest man elected to a first presidential term. He is the 16th senator to ascend to the office and the first since Nixon’s election in 1968..
6, 开放性问题
Lesson Ten
1. More and more people are deciding not to come to and settle in United States because of tougher enforcement and border control, the slowing US economy and the impressive growth in developing countries.
2. The government enforced a strict control along the US-Mexico border by employing enough Border Patrol agents and National Guard members to prosecute immigrants for illegal entry and inland egregious employers as well as illegal aliens.
3. Less work for immigrants.
4. It means that people no longer want to migrate to the US because it is not their ideal place to make money any more.
Lesson Eleven
1. The latest report foresees “a world in which the US plays a prominent role in global events, but the US is seen as one among many global actors”. The report issued four years ago had projected “continuing US dominance”.
2. It means that Americans, especially the intellectuals, think that America is in decline.
3. The war in Iraq and Afghanistan; the rise of China and India; the financial crisis.
4. He pointed out that America may recover from the new decline just like before and there may be a resurgence of American confidence.
5. Because he thinks that China may pose more challenge to the US than the Soviet Union and Japan since it has a large size and a record of sustained and dynamic economic growth.
6. 开放性问题。
Lesson Thirteen
1. The “three-word mantra” is “war on terror”. The author’s attitude toward it is basically negative. He says that the mantra has had a very bad impact on America, causing a mentality of fear in the US undermining US’s standing in the world, and greatly undermining US’s strength against terrorism actually.
2. The major objective for the Bush Administration to refer to “war on terror” constantly, according to the author, is to create a “culture of fear”, so that the public could be misled to follow the policies the politicians want to pursue, to vote for them.
3. The endless increase of the sites as potentially important national targets for would-be terrorists.
4. The discrimination against Arabs, such as drivers in turbans taken as suspicious terrorists, films produced with evil characters with recognizable Arab features, and animus towards Muslim travelers, has stimulated a strong Islam phobia.
5. The rough treatment of Iraqi civilians by the US military has prompted a widespread sense of hostility toward the US in general.
Lesson Fourteen
1. Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and biochemical weapons and Saddam’s regime had links with the Al-Qaida terrorists.
2. Because the evidence of Iraq’s possession of WMD and biochemical weapons have not been found and people in the world have become suspicious of US’s claim that North Korea is trying to produce nuclear weapons.
3. Because thousands of Iraqi people have died and they had to leave their hometowns and could not live a normal life.
4. Private contractors or companies working in Iraq such as Blackwater.
5. Iraq is one of the oil-producing countries. During the war, the oil production was ceased, the cut of the oil production led to the rise in the price of oil.
6. The relationship is mutually beneficial.
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