搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 高级英语课文译文

高级英语课文译文

高级英语课文译文
高级英语课文译文

Lesson2

The Game of the Name

By Peter Farb

Here comes John Smith walking toward me. Even though he is but a passing acquaintance, the American greeting ritual demands that I utter a few words to reassure him of my good will. But what form of address should I use? John? Smith? Dr. Smith? A decision such as this is usually made unconsciously.

As native speakers in the American speech community, we have grown up learning the rules of address at the same time that we were acquiring the grammatical rules of American-English. At first thought, it might seem a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address one another. But forms of address reveal many assumptions we make about members of our speech community.

Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. If the person being addressed is a child, then almost all the rules that we have unconsciously assimilated can safely be ignored, and we use the simple formula First Name. The child, in turn, addresses an adult by using the formula Title plus Last Name (TLN).

But defining a “child” is not always easy. I address my son's roommate at college by Uneven though he is an adult under the law. I, too, have the relative age of a child to a 75-year-old acquaintance who calls me Pete.

Let us assume that John Smith is not a child who can be addressed by FN but is either my contemporary or my elder. The next important determiner for the form of address will then be the speech situation.

If the situation is a formal one, then I must disregard all other rules and use social Identity plus Last Name. John Smith will always be addressed as Dr. Smith (or sometimes simply as Doctor, with Last Name understood) in the medical setting of office or hospital.(I am allowed to call him if my status is at least as high as his or if we are friends outside of our social roles, but the rest of my utterance must remain respectful.)

We are also obliged to address certain other people by their social Identity in formal situation: public officials (Congressman: Your Honor),educators (Professor or Doctor),leaders of meetings (Mr. Chairman),Roman Catholic priests (Father Daffy) and nuns (Sister Anna),and so forth. By the way, note the sexist distinction in the formulas for priests and nuns. The formula for a priest is Father plus Last Name, but for a nun it is Sister plus Religious Name (usually an FN).

Most conversations, however, are not carried on in formal speech situations, and so the basic decision is when to use FN to TLN.A social acquaintance or newly hired colleague of approximately the same age and rank is usually introduced on an FN basis. “Pete, I’d like you to meet Harry.” Now a problem arises if both age and rank of cone of the parties are higher:“Pete, I’d like you to meet Attorney Brown.”

Attorney Brown may, of course, at any time signal me that he is willing to suspend the rules of address and allow an FN basis. Such a suspension is his privilege to bestow, and it is usually handled humorously, with a remark like,“I answer quicker to Bruce.” Complications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. A young doctor who joins a hospital finds it difficult to address a much older doctor. They are equal in rank (and therefore FN should be used) but the great disparity in ages calls for TLN. In such cases, the young doctor can use the No-Name (NN) formula, phrasing his utterances adroitly to avoid using any term of address at all.

English is quite exceptional among the world's languages in this respect. Most European languages oblige the speaker to choose between the familiar and formal second person singular (as in the French tu and vous), as English once did when“thou”was in use. This is the basic American system, but the rules vary according to speech situations, subtle friendship or kin relationships between the speakers, regions of the country, and so forth.

Southern speech, for example, adds the formula Title plus First Name (Mr. Charlie) to indicate familiar respect. Southerners are also likely to specify kin terms (as in Cousin Jane) whereas in most of the United States FN is used for cousins. Address to strangers also alters some of the rules. A speaker usually addresses a stranger whose attire and behavior indicate higher status by saying sir. But sometimes speakers with low status address those with obviously higher status by spurning this rule and instead using Mac or buddy—as when a construction worker asks a passing executive, socially identified by his attaché case, “You got a match, buddy?”

第二课名字游戏

约翰·史密斯正朝我走过来。虽然他只是我的一个很平常的熟人,但按照美国人的问候习惯,我得说出那么几个字来(如:“你好!”或“早上好!”之类的话。)向他表示我的好

意。然而,我该怎么叫他呢?叫他约翰?或是史密斯?或者史密斯医生?像这样的问题在平常,是不用思考的事情。

对于在美国土生土长讲美语的人来说,我们长大后,学会语法规则的同时也学会了称呼别人的规则。乍一想,我们会认为仔细去考察我们称呼的方式是一件不值得做的事情,然而正是这些称呼的方式揭示了我们对同一个语言社区的人们的主观看法。

首先,我们会用讲话者的年龄关系去判断使用的称呼是否合适。如果我们招呼的是个孩子,那么我们就可以毫无顾虑地忽略那些无意之中学来的规则,而简单地直呼其名(FN)。然而,孩子却要用“头衔+姓氏”的方式来招呼大人。

但“孩子”一词却不是那么容易界定的。我直呼其名地招呼我儿子的大学室友,即使他已经是法定的成人了。我也一样,相对一个叫我乳名(Pete)的75岁的老人来说,我也是个孩子。

假定约翰·史密斯不是一个可以直呼其名的孩子,他既不是我的同龄人,也不是我的长者,那么怎么招呼他就主要看语境了。

如果是在一个很正式的场合,我们就会用“社会身份+姓氏”的方式来招呼他,而不会考虑其他规则。这样一来,在与医学有关场合,如医生办公室或医院里,约翰·史密斯就会被称呼为“史密斯医生”(或者有时,在已知姓氏的情况下,直接叫他“医生”)(如果至少与他地位相当或者除开社会地位的因素我们是朋友,而且我对他的称呼又要保持一份敬意,这时我就可以叫他“Doc”)

在正式的场合,我们还不得不用社会身份来称呼其他的某些人:如出入公众视野的官员(议员;阁下),教育工作者(教授或博士),会议的领导(主席先生),罗马天主教的牧师(达夫神父)和修女(安娜姊姊)等等。顺便提一下,要注意,对牧师和修女的称呼差异中存在着性别歧视的倾向。对牧师的称呼是Father(父亲)+ 姓氏,而对修女的称呼却是Sister(姐妹)+ 教名(通常情况下就是名字)。

然而,大多数谈话都不是在正式的场合进行的。因此我们最基本的考虑就是什么时候直呼其名,什么时候用“头衔+姓氏”的方式。如果是一个社会上的熟人或刚刚雇来的一个与你年龄和级别相仿的同事,就有可能用直呼其名的方式介绍他:“皮特,过来见见哈里”如果那个人的年龄比你大,级别比你高,这样介绍也是没有问题的:“皮特,请过来见见布朗律师。”

当然,布朗律师任何时候都有可能向我表示愿意抛开那些客套的规矩, 让我直呼其名。这种放弃是他的一种特权,通常用一种幽默的方式来处理。比如说句这样的话:“你如果叫我布鲁斯,我会反应快些。”

当彼此的年龄和级别这两个方面不是都相仿的时候,事情就变得复杂了。一个刚到医院来的的年轻医生就会感到不太好称呼一个年龄比他大很多的医生。他们级别相当(因此应该直呼其名),但是他们年龄的差异又要求他用“头衔+姓氏”的方式打招呼。在这样的情况下,这个年轻医生就可以用避开姓名的方式打招呼,巧妙地措辞,完全避开那些称呼的形式。

英语在这方面是世界其他语言不可比拟的。大多数欧洲语言都要求说话的人对第二人称单数作出“随和用语”和“正式用语”的选择(比如法语就用“tu”和“vous”这两个词分别表示非正式场合和正式场合中的“你”),就如英语曾经用过“thou”这个词一样。

上面所谈到的只是美国人打招呼的基本规则。根据说话双方微妙的朋友或亲缘关系,语境以及地区差异等因素,这些规则也有所改变。

例如,南方话就用“头衔+名字”的形式(如:查理先生)来暗示关系亲近。同时,南方人也会使用很确切的亲缘名称(如:简表妹),而在美国大多数地方,表兄妹常常是直呼其名的。

给陌生人打招呼时,这些规则也会发生变化。当那个陌生人的衣着和行为举止显示他的地位高一些的时候,说话的人就会用“sir”(阁下)去称呼他。但是,有时,一个地位低一点的人也可能忽视这个规矩,用“老兄“”“伙计”等语言去招呼一个明显比他低位高些的人——比如,当一个经理走过来,一个建筑工人凭社会经验从他夹着公文包看出了他的身份, 而他却这样打招呼:“你有火吗? 老兄!”

大学高级英语课文翻译

第一课救赎 ----兰斯顿.休斯 在我快13岁那年,我的灵魂得到了拯救,然而并不是真正意义上的救赎。事情是这样的。那时我的阿姨里德所在的教堂正在举行一场盛大的宗教复兴晚会。数个星期以来每个夜晚,人们在那里讲道,唱诵,祈祷。连一些罪孽深重的人都获得了耶稣的救赎,教堂的成员一下子增多了。就在复兴晚会结束之前,他们为孩子们举行了一次特殊的集会——把小羊羔带回羊圈。里德阿姨数日之前就开始和我提这件事。那天晚上,我和其他还没有得到主宽恕的小忏悔者们被送去坐在教堂前排,那是为祷告的人安排的座椅。 我的阿姨告诉我说:“当你看到耶稣的时候,你看见一道光,然后感觉心里似乎有什么发生。从此以后耶稣就进入了你的生命,他将与你同在。你能够看见、听到、感受到他和你的灵魂融为一体。”我相信里德阿姨说的,许多老人都这么说,似乎她们都应该知道。尽管教堂里面拥挤而闷热,我依然静静地坐在那里,等待耶稣的到来。 布道师祷告,富有节奏,非常精彩。呻吟、喊叫、寂寞的呼喊,还有地狱中令人恐怖的画面。然后他唱了一首赞美诗。诗中描述了99只羊都安逸的待在圈里,唯有一个被冷落在外的情形。唱完后他说道:“难道你不来吗?不来到耶稣身旁吗?小羊羔们,难道你们不来吗?”他向坐在祷告席上的小忏悔者们打开了双臂,小女孩们开始哭了,她们中有一些很快跳了起来,跑了过去。我们大多数仍然坐在那里。 许多长辈过来跪在我们的身边开始祷告。老妇人的脸像煤炭一样黑,头上扎着辫子,老爷爷的手因长年的工作而粗糙皲裂。他们吟唱着“点燃微弱的灯,让可怜的灵魂得到救赎”的诗歌。整个教堂里到处都是祈祷者的歌声。 最后其他所有小忏悔者们都去了圣坛上,得到了救赎,除了一个男孩和依然静静地坐着等侯的我。那个男孩是一个守夜人的儿子,名字叫威斯特里。在我们的周围尽是祈祷的修女执事。教堂里异常闷热,天色也越来越暗了。最后威斯特里小声对我说:“去他妈的上帝。我再也坐不住了,我们站起来吧,就可以得到救赎了。”于是他就站了起来,也因此得到了救赎。 祈祷席上只剩下我一个人孤零零的。里德阿姨走过来,开始跪在我的旁边,小声哭泣。祷告者的诵诗充满了整个教堂。所有人都在为我一个人祈祷,时而呻吟时而呼号。我依然很平静的等待耶稣,等待等待——可是他没有来。我希望可以看见他,可是什么都没有发生。我希望有些事发生,可什么都没有变化。 我听见大主教说:“为什么你不来呢?我亲爱的孩子,为什么你不来到耶稣身边?他正等着你。他需要你。为什么你不来呢?里德修女,这个孩子叫什么名字?” “休斯顿。“我的阿姨啜泣着说。”休斯顿,你为什么不过来,得到救赎呢哦上帝的小羊羔啊,你为什么不过来呢?“现在天真的黑了。我开始惭愧,是自己把他们托得这么晚。我开始想上帝会怎么认为威斯特里。他当然也没有看见主,但现在正骄傲地坐在圣坛上,晃着灯笼裤的褪,露齿嘲笑我。周围围着一群跪着祈祷的老女人。上帝并没有因为他亵渎神灵或在教堂里撒谎而惩罚他。所以我决定也许为了省去更多的麻烦,我最好也撒谎,说耶稣已经来了,然后站起来,得到救赎。 于是我站了起来。 整个屋子突然成了欢呼的海洋,当她们看见我站起来时。欢呼声一阵接着一阵。女人们跳了起来。我的阿姨拥抱了我,大主教拉起我的手,把我牵到了主席台上。 当一切渐渐平息的时候,教堂安静了下来,只听见几声愉悦的阿门。所有的小羊羔们都得到了上帝的祝福。教堂里充满了欢悦的吟唱。 但那天晚上我却哭了。那是我一生倒数第二次哭泣,因为我已经是个12岁的大男孩了。我独自一人躺在床上,哭泣不已。担心里德阿姨会听到,我把头埋在被子下面。她还是醒了,告诉我的叔叔说:“我哭是因为神圣的上帝进入了我的生命,因为我看见了耶稣。但是我哭的真正原因是我羞于告诉她我撒谎了,我骗了教堂里所有人。我没有看见耶稣,我也不再相信有一个耶稣,因为他没有来拯救我。 第二课名字游戏 约翰·史密斯正朝我走过来。虽然他只是我的一个很平常的熟人,但按照美国人的问候习惯,我得说出那么几个字来(如:“你好!”或“早上好!”之类的话。)向他表示我的好意。然而,我该怎么叫他呢?叫他约翰?或是史密斯?或者史密斯医生?像这样的问题在平常,是不用思考的事情。 对于在美国土生土长讲美语的人来说,我们长大后,学会语法规则的同时也学会了称呼别人的规则。乍一想,我们会认为仔细去考察我们称呼的方式是一件不值得做的事情,然而正是这些称呼的方式揭示了我们对同一个语言社区的人们的主观看法。 首先,我们会用讲话者的年龄关系去判断使用的称呼是否合适。如果我们招呼的是个孩子,那么我们就可以毫无顾虑地忽略那些无意之中学来的规则,而简单地直呼其名(FN)。然而,孩子却要用“头衔+姓氏”的方式来招呼大人。

高级英语下lesson13课文翻译

Lesson Thirteen Work 工作 究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉,这可能是一个难以回答的问题。 Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. 毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的,而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。 There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. 然而我认为,只要不过量,对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。 I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. 工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样,从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐,这会随工作的性质和工 作者的能力而异。 There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. 大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言,但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. 首先,工作可将一天的许多时间占满,人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么,大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时,常常会不知所措,想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。 To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. 而他们的决定又总是受到干扰,觉得干别的什么事也许会更令人愉快。 And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. 能够有意义地利用闲暇时间是文明发展到最高阶段的结果,而目前很少有人能达到这一层次。To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. 何况作出选择本身就是件令人厌烦的事。 Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. 除了那些具有非凡主动性的人,其他的人肯定有人乐于被告诉一天中的每时每刻该做什么, 当然命令他们做的事不能太令人厌烦。 Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. 多数无所事事的阔佬免遭从事单调乏味工作之苦,但代价是莫名其妙的无聊。 Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. 有时他们去非洲猎取巨兽或环绕世界飞行来解闷,但这类刺激的数量有限,尤其到了中年以后更 是如此。 At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. 因此较为明智的阔佬们工作起来几乎像穷人一样卖力,而有钱的女人则大多忙于她们自以为

(完整版)高级英语第二册课文翻译

高级英语第二册课文翻译 Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English 酒吧闲聊与标准英语 亨利?费尔利 人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”,那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是,问题便解决了。不过,酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题,大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情,有些人便说起刻薄话来了,说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样,在五分钟内,大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里,“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时,总会遭到下层人民的抵制 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错,并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知,但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词,而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig,饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore);地里放牧着的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf);Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet);calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语,我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜,自己出产的肉自己却吃不起,全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜,诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此,活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit

高级英语上册第五课翻译范文

关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话 二十二日星期天早晨,我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务,采取何种政策。我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。于是,我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告,我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿,匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室,为我带来了详细情报。德国人已大规模入侵苏联,苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句,“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。” 一整天我都在写讲稿,根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商,也没有必要这样做。我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵,还有斯塔福德?克里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一 起。 那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克 尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字,也许值得一提: “六月二十一日,星期六。晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华?布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。晚饭席上,邱吉尔先生说,德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。不过,希特勒的如意算盘打错了。 我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。 晚饭后,当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时,他又一次谈到了这一话题。我当时问他,对于他这个头号反共大将来说,这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。‘绝非如此。我现在的目标只有一个,即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱,我至少会在下议院替魔 鬼说几句好话的。’ 次日清晨四点钟,我被电话铃惊醒,原来是外交部来的电话,内容是报告德国已开始进攻俄国的消息。首相一向吩咐,只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。因此,我等到八点钟才向他报告这一消息。他听完消息后只说了一句话:‘通知英国广播电台,我今晚九点要发表广播讲话。’他从上午十一点开始撰写讲稿,中间除与斯塔福德.克里普斯爵士、克兰伯恩勋爵和比弗布鲁克勋爵共进午餐外,这一天的全部时间都花在写讲稿上了……讲稿直到九点差二十分才写好。” 在这次广播讲话中,我说道: “纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。除了贪欲和种族统治外,它没有任何指导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中,我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得烟消云散了。过去的一切,连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土,英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园,在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷——是啊,任何人都总有祈祷的时候——祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安,并保佑她们的壮劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄,那儿的人们虽然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计,却依然能够享受到天伦之乐,那儿的姑娘在欢笑,儿童在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击,正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些全副武装、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、既驯服听话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎物。“在

自考高级英语上册11课课文翻译

Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep谈睡眠 人真是充满矛盾啊! 毫无疑问,幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法,要是没有它,我们就会死于烦恼。 What a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. 在我看来,没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。 With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. 比如,我打算写一篇文章,面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸,准保没写几个字我就会困得要命,无论当时是几点都会那样。 If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. 我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸,直到眼前一片模糊,声音也难以辨清,只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。 I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. 即使这时,我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。 Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. 但是当深夜躺在床上,我什么事都能干,只有睡觉无法做到。 But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do any-thing but sleep. 随着时钟一遍一遍的报时,我可以完成大量的文章。 Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. 极有吸引力的主题和崇高的思想纷纷出现在脑海,随之而来的还有恰如其分的意象和措辞。Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. 除了笔、墨和纸,什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作。 Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper. 如果,我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和图片一样是有形的、摸得着的,那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉。 If it be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly tangible things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place. 只要我躺在床上有一两个小时睡不着觉,我就能令自己满意地解决人类一切的疑虑。 Give me a restless hour or two in bed and I can solve, to my own satisfaction, all the doubts of humanity. 如果我有兴致的话,我可以谱写出宏伟的交响乐,描绘出壮丽的画卷。 When I am in the humour I can compose grand symphonies, and paint magnificent pictures. 我就是莎士比亚、贝多芬和米开朗基罗。但这一切仍无法令我满意,因为我还是无法入睡。

大学高级英语下册翻译.pdf

Lesson One 1.This picture brings back many pleasant memories of her Spanish holiday. 2.News and weather forecasts reports are staples of radio programmes. 3.By mere accident Tom met in a bar his long-lost brother who was thought to have been killed in action during the war. 4.Bill intuited something criminal in their plan. 5.They think that obsessive tidiness in factory is a bad sign . 6.Yesterday his mother sold several years’ worth of paper and magazines. 7.His heartening speech impelled us to (work with) greater efforts. 8.Those who enjoy pulling off a miracle often fail. 9.As language students we should have a sense of nuances of plain words and expressions. 10.The rude behavior of Mrs. Taylor’s ado pted son is driving her into a nervous breakdown. 11.I like to see films in general, and American Western and horrors in particular. 12.In some sense Mary saw in her aunt a surrogate of her mother. 13.My father never equivocated, and he always gave some brief but poignant opinions. 14.Though he disabled, he never tries of helping people. 15.In any country, those who are remiss in their duty must be severely punished. 16.Awareness of the fact that the child was in danger impelled the policeman to action. Lesson 2 1. A. The chances are that they will be held up by traffic on their way to the airport. B. the plane takes off at 6:35. It would be a pity if they couldn’t make it. 2.Another popular notion which is in fact a misconception is that expensive clothes invariably raise one’s status. 3.Can you imagine what kind of life a man has lived who aspires to excellence and abhors mediocrity? 4. A copy of our latest product catalogue will be sent free of charge if you will fill up the form on the reverse of this card and post it. 5.It will be an absurdity, if not a catastrophe. If half of the population of this city abandons their posts and goes in for business. 6.Because they want their kids to be somebodies, some well-intentioned parents exercise enormous pressures on their children and the results all too often prove the reverse. 7.The revered professor predicted that these brilliant young people would surely make their way in the scientific-technical realm in a few years. 8.Many writers have quitted writing stories because, as they say there is no market for them. Yet Lessing sticks and she would go on even if there really wasn’t any home for them but a private drawer. 9.Satire under his pen is only a means to an end, a form to expose social evils. 10.It seemed no body at the party, not even the reporters, made special note of the general’s absence which might have aroused the suspicion of his rivals.

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(12)

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(12) 我为什么写作 Lesson 12:Why I Write 从很小的时候,大概五、六岁,我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。 From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. 从15到24岁的这段时间里,我试图打消这个念头,可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性,认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。 Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea,but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books. 三个孩子中,我是老二。老大和老三与我相隔五岁。8岁以前,我很少见到我爸爸。由于这个以及其他一些缘故,我的性格有些孤僻。我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢,这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。 I was the middle child of three,but there was a gap of five years on either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. 我像一般孤僻的孩子一样,喜欢凭空编造各种故事,和想像的人谈话。我觉得,从一开始,我的文学志向就与一种孤独寂寞、被人冷落的感觉联系在一起。我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地,在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons,and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. 我知道我有驾驭语言的才能和直面令人不快的现实的能力。这一切似乎造就了一个私人的天地,在此天地中我能挽回我在日常生活中的不得意。 I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts,and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure 还是一个小孩子的时候,我就总爱把自己想像成惊险传奇中的主人公,例如罗宾汉。但不久,我的故事不再是粗糙简单的自我欣赏了。它开始趋向描写我的行动和我所见所闻的人和事。

自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译

1 Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s . It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life . In this forum , the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , war and peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love and hate . Allin all , in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society . The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on . They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped . 2 The American young people in 1960’s were a generation of rebellion . They found that the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy . They didn’t trust the adult world that didn’t belong to them and refused to take their beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle which protested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War . Some young people even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other young took passive ways to show their disaffections . They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life . Or they escaped to the frontiers and lived a primitive way of life . 3 Mathilda had been ill for three days . Her mother had given her some medicine, but it did n’t do any good . So they had to ask the doctor to come . There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda’s school and two of them had been dead . When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home , he wanted to examine Mthilda’s throat first . But no mat ter how he coaxed ,,She wouldn’t open her mouth . So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth . But Mathilda reduced it to splinters . In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make sure

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”,那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是,问题便解决了。不过,酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题,大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情,有些人便说起刻薄话来了,说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样,在五分钟内,大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里,“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时,总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错,并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知,但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词,而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig,饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore);地里放牧着的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf);Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet);calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语,我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜,自己出产的肉自己却吃不起,全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜,诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此,活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示,而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时,我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想,新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言,从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时,他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后,第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说:

大学高级英语下册翻译

Lesson One 1. This picture brings back many pleasant memories of her Spanish holiday. 2. News and weather forecasts reports are staples of radio programmes. 3. By mere accident Tom met in a bar his long-lost brother who was thought to have been killed in action during the war. 4. Bill intuited something criminal in their plan. 5. They think that obsessive tidiness in factory is a bad sign . 6. Yesterday his mother sold several years’ worth of paper and magazines. 7. His heartening speech impelled us to (work with) greater efforts. 8. Those who enjoy pulling off a miracle often fail. 9. As language students we should have a sense of nuances of plain words and expressions. 10. The rude behavior of Mrs. Taylor’s adopted son is driving her into a nervous breakdown. 11. I like to see films in general, and American Western and horrors in particular. 12. In some sense Mary saw in her aunt a surrogate of her mother. 13. My father never equivocated, and he always gave some brief but poignant opinions. 14. Though he disabled, he never tries of helping people. 15. In any country, those who are remiss in their duty must be severely punished. 16. Awareness of the fact that the child was in danger impelled the policeman to action. Lesson 2 1. A. The chances are that they will be held up by traffic on their way to the airport. B. the plane takes off at 6:35. It would be a pity if they couldn’t make it. 2. Another popular notion which is in fact a misconception is that expensive clothes invariably raise one’s status. 3. Can you imagine what kind of life a man has lived who aspires to excellence and abhors mediocrity 4. A copy of our latest product catalogue will be sent free of charge if you will fill up the form on the reverse of this card and post it. 5. It will be an absurdity, if not a catastrophe. If half of the population of this city abandons their posts and goes in for business. 6. Because they want their kids to be somebodies, some well-intentioned parents exercise enormous pressures on their children and the results all too often prove the reverse. 7. The revered professor predicted that these brilliant young people would surely make their way in the scientific-technical realm in a few years.

相关主题