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汉英翻译技巧与实践

汉英翻译技巧与实践
汉英翻译技巧与实践

汉英翻译技巧与实践

题型:

按要求翻译句子(15*2)

翻译下列句子(15*2)

翻译段落(4*10)

词类的转换

汉语动词转换成英语名词

?在校大学生人数急剧增加.

?There was a sharp increase in the number of the students in universities.

?我们是绝对不会支持这种做法的.

?We will never give any support to such behaviors.

?你必须好好照顾病人.

?You must take good care of the patient.

?这本杂志一发行就销售一空.

?The magazine was sold out immediately after its issue

汉语动词转换成英语名词

?专家建议立刻削减军费开支.

?Some experts suggested an immediate reduction in military expenditure.

?熟练掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情.

?The mastery of a language is not easy.

?你选择哪一个?

?Which is your choice?

?这个国家的和平遭到破坏,是美国政府的干涉造成的.

?The destruction of peace in this country resulted from the intervention of the US government.

汉语动词转换成英语形容词

?我们对他的工作极为满意.

?We are very satisfied with his job.

?我们为他的身体健康担忧.

?We are anxious about his health.

?他们怀疑他是否会准时来.

?They are doubtful whether he will come on time.

?工人们给政府施压,要求改善工作条件.

?The workers are pressing the government for better working conditions.

汉语动词转换成英语介词(词组)

?他们正在准备参加这次晚会.

?They are preparing for the party.

?许多人反对这项计划.

?Many people are against the program.

?所提建议仅供参考.

?All the suggestions are for your reference.

?我不必排队等车,我是在始发站上车.

?I don’t have to queue for my bus. I get on at the terminus

汉语动词转换成英语介词(词组)

?深圳大学归市政府管辖.

?Shenzhen University is under the control of the municipal government.

?他们完全赞成我的建议.

?They are all in favor of my suggestion.

?他们开始寻找食物.

?They started in search of food.

汉语名词转换成英语动词

?地球的形状像一个大鸡蛋.

?The earth is shaped like an egg.

?该地区天气的主要特点是变化无常.

?The climate in this region is chiefly characterized by its variety.

?我们的判断应该以事实为基础.

?We should base our judgment on facts

汉语名词转换成英语动词

?我们对投资的依赖超过其他城市.

?We rely more than any other city on the investment.

?他的演讲给我留下深刻的印象.

?His speech impressed me deeply.

?问卷调查的目的是加强对学生思想的了解.

?The questionnaire aims to know better the students’ideas.

汉语名词转换成英语形容词或副词

?汉语非常具有表现力.

?Chinese language is very expressive.

?他的行为使我们起了疑心.

?His behaviors make us suspicious.

?我们的脑力和体力都在透支.

?We are being overdrawn both mentally and physically.

?他们具有罕见的娴熟技巧,能够从自然界获取自己需要的一切.

?They were exceptionally skillful at taking from nature all they needed to survive. 汉语副词转换成英语的动词,名词或形容词

?他们成功地改善了生态环境.

?They succeeded in improving the ecological environment.

?政府毫不犹豫地采取最严厉的措施打击犯罪分子.

?The government will not hesitate to take the severest measures against criminals. ?他勉强地接受了邀请.

?He accepted the invitation with unwillingness.

汉语副词转换成英语的动词,名词或形容词

?这些孩子很困难地在泥泞的道路上行走.

?The children were walking in the mud with difficulties.

?他生动地向我们描述了婚礼的场面.

?He gave us a vivid description of the wedding.

?在这种非正式场合,人们可以随意地穿着.

?People are free to wear what they please in this informal occasion.

?中国积极地参与了营救工作.

?China took an active part in the rescue

汉语形容词转换成英语名词或副词

?这次会议十分重要.

?The negotiation is of great importance.

?科学家对政治并不陌生.

?Scientists are no strangers to politics.

?他发现我很犹豫,于是过来对我说: “别犹豫啦.”

?When he noticed my hesitation, he came to me and said: “Come on.”

主语的选择

原文的形容词性成分作主语

我的头疼得要命.

My head aches badly.

My head is killing me.

I have a splitting headache.

I have a terrible headache.

I have a migraine.

懒惰的人不会成功.

A lazy person will never succeed.

Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed.

Laziness makes success impossible.

这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲.

The mother is very proud to have an intelligent and pretty daughter.

The intelligence and beauty of the daughter makes her mother very proud. 原文的名词性成分作主语

一个星期前我遇上了一件最不可思议的事情.

I had the most incredible experience a week ago.

I had the most inconceivable encounter a week ago.

The most unbelievable thing happened to me a week ago.

他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点.

He suddenly saw a dark stain on the carpet.

A dark stain on the carpet caught his eye.

A dark stain on the carpet suddenly attracted his attention.

他两天就抽完一包烟.

He finishes a pack of cigarettes in two days.

A packet of cigarettes lasts him only two days.

It takes him only two days to finish a pack of cigarettes.

原文的副词性成分作主语

因为天气太糟,我们未能成行.

Because of poor weather, we did not go.

Bad weather prevented us from going.

Bad weather caused us to cancel/postpone our trip.

在刚刚结束的全运会上, 山东女子田径队有出色表现.

The Shandong women’s track and field team put on an excellent performance at China’s just-completed National Games.

China’s just-completed National Games saw the outstanding performance by the Shandong women’s track and field team.

去年许多国家发生了严重的金融危机.

Last year witnessed a serious financial crisis in many countries.

原文的动词性成分作主语

我见到他就恶心.

Whenever I see him, I feel sick.

I feel sick at the very sight of him.

The very sight of him makes me sick.

昨天他们表演得很成功.

They performed very successfully yesterday.

Their performance yesterday was a very huge success.

昨天他们表演得很成功,引起了媒体的广泛关注。

Their highly successful performance yesterday has attracted wide media attention.

我从来没有那么想过.

I have never thought like that.

I have never had such a thought.

The idea has never crossed my mind.

The thought has never occurred to me.

添加主语

他今天的举止有些反常.

His behavior is a bit unusual today.

He is acting a bit odd today.

There is something strange about his behavior today.

新工作不见得比原先的工作要强.

The new job will not necessarily be better than the old one.

There is no guarantee that the new job will be better than the old one.

只有缺乏经验的人才会犯这样的错误.

Only an inexperienced person could have made such a mistake.

Such a mistake can be made only by an inexperienced person.

None but the inexperienced could have committed a mistake like that.

None but the brave deserves the fair.

词量的增减

增词1.语义性增词

感冒可以通过人的手进行传染.

Flu can be spread by hand contacts.

我们提倡顾全大局.

We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.

我们必须坚持改革开放.

We must stick to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world

增词2.语法性增词

既然你不愿意做,我就不强迫你了.

Since you don’t want to do it, I won’t force you to.

如果你喜欢这块手表, 就拿去.

If you like this watch, keep it.

有的人去美国的目的是为了提高英语水平.

The reason why some people go to the United States is to improve their English.

在我国,人才培养存在着一些弊端.

In our country, the practice of cultivating people has quite a few drawbacks.

这些问题只能收费解决.

These problems can be solved only by introduction of fees.

你能告诉我为什么把物体向天上抛却会向地下落吗?

Can you tell me the reason why things fall toward the ground when they are thrown out into the air.

增词3.注释性增词

班门弄斧

Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

三个臭皮匠,顶一个诸葛亮.

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

减词1.减去范畴词

上中学时, 他就显示出在写作方面的才能.

While in middle school he was displaying /showing/demonstrating a talent for writing.

空气污染问题必须在近几年内加以解决.

Air pollution must be solved in the coming few years.

我对他的家庭情况一无所知.

I know nothing about his family.

减词2.减去近义词

他的生活水平改善了,但是身体状况并未改善.

His living condition is improved, but his health is not.

我们能够去掉不良作风, 保持优良作风.

We can get rid of a bad style and keep the good.

一个地区有一个地区的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局.

A region has its own overall interest and a nation has another.

开拓者勇于改革,勇于探索,勇于创造.

The pioneers were courageous enough to make reforms, to probe into new things and to make inventions.

减词3.减去内容空洞的词

花园里面是人间的乐园,有的是吃不了的大米白面,穿不完的绫罗绸缎,花不完的金银财宝.

The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.

减词4.减去冗余的词

按照格林先生的说法,这个问题很微妙.

According to Mr. Green, this is a very delicate problem.

他们不知道自己能否适应没有父母在身边的生活.

They didn’t know whether they could adapt to the life without parents.

我们从书本上学到了很多知识.

We learn a lot from books.

把年龄太小的孩子送入小学学习并不好.

It is no good putting a very young child in a primary school.

他想去试试,看看能不能举起来.

He wanted to try if he could lift it up.

Exercises

你想看这本书,就先看吧.

You may read the book first, since you are anxious to read it.

中国总是要前进的.

What ever happens, China will march on

有人来电话, 你就说我12点回来.

Whoever telephones, tell them I shall be back by 12 o’clock.

我们必须培养分析问题,解决问题的能力.

We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.

每条河都有上游,中游和下游.

Every river has its upper, middle, and lower reaches.

他把事情一五一十地都给父母讲了.

He told his parents the whole story exactly as it had happened.

遣词用句

“吃”

我特别爱吃生蒜。

I am especially fond of raw garlic.

他们现在不愁吃,不愁穿。

They don’t have to worry about food and clothing now.

跟我们一起吃午饭吧!

Join us for lunch!

她挑挑拣拣的吃了一点。

She picked at food.

谢谢,我实在吃饱了

Thanks, I’ve really had enough.

为促进统一,就要有个适当的形式。

To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means. 年迈的局长在会议中间睡着了。

The senile bureau chief nodded off in (the middle of) the conference.

去长城的往返车票要十五元。

A return ticket to the Great Wall costs fifteen yuan.

近几年来,他们家的经济状况每况愈下。

In recent years, his family has been going downhill financially.

世界上一些国家发生问题,从根本上来说,都是因为经济上不去。

Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost the economy.

有条件的,自行车不想骑了,干脆就买一辆木兰。

Those who can afford it will quit bicycles and arm themselves with a light motorcycle.

当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战

Only a few countries can afford to fight a world war.

宗教不得干预政治。

It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.

我们应当从这里得出一条经验,就是不要被假象所迷惑。

We should draw a lesson here: Don’t be misled by false appearance.

你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上,不能立刻辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触它才能知道。

When you chance upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it out

肯定句与否定句

肯定句译成否定句

1.表达习惯不同

一直到写完作业,他才出现。

He didn’t turn up until he finished his homework.

一分耕耘,一分收获。

No pains, no gains.

2. 语气的需要

同行是冤家。

Two of a trade did never agree.

走远点。

You’d better not bother me.

他们的成功简直是个奇迹。

Their success are nothing short of (adv.除…之外)miraculous.

3.为了使原来隐含意义更加明确,更便于直接理解。

他们很快完成了任务。

They finished the task in no time.

与其他人相比,他是位非凡的教授。

As compared with others, he is no ordinary professor.

4. 为使译文更精确。

恐怕这些调查工作是白做了。

I’m afraid that these investigations are done for nothing.

过马路时,越小心越好。

You can’t be too careful when you cross the street.

否定句的翻译

无事不登三宝殿

No one comes to the Hall of the Trinity without a reason.

不到黄河心不死

Until all is over ambition never dies.

他根本不是当画家的料。

He is anything but a painter.

要不是你帮忙,我们无法按时完成任务。

But for your help, we would not have finished the task on time.

否定句译成肯定句

1. 汉语的否定词无否定意义。

这块地里的麦子长得不大离儿。

The wheat on this field is pretty good.

2. 语气委婉而含蓄。

小姐,我劝您别管闲事。

Young lady, you’d better mind your own business.

天无绝人之路。

Every cloud has a silver lining.

3.英语有更简练而恰当的表达法。

油漆未干。

Wet paint.

人不可貌相。

Beauty is but skin deep.

贾母又叫:“请姑娘们。今日远客来了,可以不去上学去。”

“Fetch the girls,” her grandmother said. “They can be excused their lessons today in honor of our guest from far away.”

Exercises

工作得越细心越好。

One can never be too careful in one’s work.

无风不起浪。

No smoke without fire.

这件事他确实是一无所知。

He was really in the dark about the matter.

这是件正经事。

It’s no joke.

少管闲事。

Don’t poke your nose into other’s business.

分译与合译

主语变换处分译

四周没有灯火,那座祠堂也睡着了。

No lamps shone around. The clan temple was also asleep

从主语变换处合译,常出现主从句

对我来说,我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。

To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am the king.

企业宣传资料的翻译(广告)

Corporate promotional material

这些女士衬衣系采用上等纯丝制成,价格公道,工艺精湛,设计独特。

Our silk blouse are made of pure silk of best quality. They are moderate in price, excellent in craftsmanship and unique in designs.

英语老师

责任:

---根据英国教育体制来处理英语教学。

要求:

---大学学历以及主修英语或者师范大学英语程度之上。

---求知欲强烈,富有创造性,心胸开阔。

---理解力强并能尊重不同文化的差异。

(热烈欢迎应届毕业生申请这个位置.)

英语老师

责任:

---根据英国教育体制来处理英语教学。

English Teacher

Responsibility:

---Conduct English teaching according to British education system.

要求:

---大学学历以及主修英语或者师范大学英语程度之上。

Requirements:

---University degree and above in English major or normal English.

---求知欲强烈,富有创造性,心胸开阔。

---Eager to learn and open-minded with creativity.

---理解力强并能尊重不同文化的差异。

(热烈欢迎应届毕业生申请这个位置.)

---With deep understanding and respect for different cultures.

(Warmly welcome the fresh graduates to apply for this position.)

诚聘

工程管理助理

责任:

---为重庆的工程提供服务。

---日常工作上为工程经理提供帮助。

---负责文件管理,为学员和家长们提供客户服务。

要求:

---大学程度及以上学位。

---英语和计算机技能良好。

---在国际机构组织中有过相关的工作经验。

---耐心,仔细,起配角作用。具有强烈的团队工作精神。

诚聘

工程管理助理

责任:

---为重庆的工程提供服务。

---日常工作上为工程经理提供帮助。

---负责文件管理,为学员和家长们提供客户服务。

Wanted

Project Management Assistant

Responsibility:

---Provide service for the project in Chongqing.

---Provide assistance to the project manager for everyday work.

---Responsible for file management, customer service for students and parents

要求:

---大学程度及以上学位。

---英语和计算机技能良好。

---在国际机构组织中有过相关的工作经验。

---耐心,仔细,起配角作用。具有强烈的团队工作精神。

Requirements:

---College degree and above

---Good English and computer skills.

---Related working experience in the international organization.

---Patient, careful, supportive with strong team work spirit.

Exercises

每次我们竞赛,你总赢。(雅马哈电子琴广告)

Every time we compete, you win.

有了Rainchetah牌雨衣,你就可以与雨嬉戏。

Catch the Rainchetah and cheat the rain.

安全驾驶---救人即救己。

Double Star Takes you Afar.

中华铅笔品质优良,书写润滑,美观大方。

Smooth and beautiful, Zhonghua high quality pencils.

方便旅行,到达平安。(箱包广告)

Smooth trip, smooth arrival.

该厂能生产大衣、西装、时装、衬衣、毛衣等不同类型服装用的上千个花色品种纽扣,产品规格齐全、品种繁多、造型新颖。

The factory can produce various new types of buttons in thousands of different designs for coats, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters.

招聘秘书

要求女性,二年相关工作经验,打字准确,英语口语流利,熟悉计算机语言。我们将为录用者提供丰厚的薪水、五天工作及医疗保险。有意者请将申请连同个人简历、工资要求、联系电话及近照一张发送至邮箱yongyuan@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9618958158.html,.

Secretary Wanted

Female. 2 years relevant experience. Accurate typing. Good command of spoken English. Good knowledge of computer. We offer attractive salary, five days work and medical insurance for the right candidates. Interested parties please apply with full resume, expected salary, contact telephone number and recent photo to yongyuan@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9618958158.html,.

Exercises

英汉翻译技巧

《英汉翻译技巧》教学大纲 一、课程的性质、目的、任务和基本要求 1、性质:本课程为专业必修课程,是英语专业一门重要的专业技能课,授课对象为英语专业本科三年级学生。 2、目的:通过本课程学习,使学生掌握必要翻译知识与翻译技巧,培养学生翻译实践能力,并提升其英语 语言运用意识,为后续课程及实践教学环节打下必要基础。 3、任务:(1)使学生深入理解翻译并了解国内外翻译研究动态。 (2)使学生掌握基本翻译技巧并能在翻译过程中加以运用。 (3)培养学生翻译实践能力。 (4)培养学生英语语言运用意识,强调书本知识与实践的结合。 此外,在教学过程中还必须有意识地培养自学能力,分析问题和解决问题能力。 4、基本要求:翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求: (1)词汇: 掌握10000-12000个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组;正确而熟练地使用其中5000-6000个词汇及最常用的搭配,能够运用到汉英互译中。 (2)语法: 熟练地使用各种衔接手段,连贯地表达思想,侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 (3)阅读能力: 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评,理解文章大意,分辨事实与细节;能读懂有一定难度的历史传记及文学作品,理解其真实含义;能分析上述题材文章的思想观点,语篇结构,语言特点和修辞手法。(4)翻译能力: 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句,写译的速度达到每小时250-300词。 二、教学安排 《英汉翻译技巧》课程涉及到双语的各项能力,因此技能测试是检查教学效果和检查学生语言水平和应用能力的重要手段,在各个教学阶段结束时安排测验和考试。测验着眼于考核学生的应用和技能的发挥。平时安排阶段测验,期末安排考试。课程学时安排:每周4学时。 学期总学时17 x 2= 34;周学时 2 x 2 = 4。 成绩评定标准:平时成绩占30%(包括出勤、练习、小组作业、讨论发言,翻译实践);期末考试占70% 。 教学内容讲授学时 第一章翻译标准 1 第二章英汉语言对比 2 第三章直译与意译 1 第四章英汉翻译中词义的选择 2 第五章汉翻译中词类的转换 2 第六章英汉翻译中增补、省略与重复技巧 4 第七章拆译与缩译 2

汉英翻译技巧

Chapter2翻译磨刀石 对等译法1,好教徒 a faithful Christian 2,好父母 a loving parent 3,好儿女an obedient child4,好妻子 a virtuous wife 5,好丈夫 a dutiful husband6,好学生 a hardworking student 7,大风strong wind8,大雾thick fog 9,大雨heavy rain 二,翻译 1,只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片。Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. 2,再例如,作为一个中国人,经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless,it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self- study in the matter of classics. ,寄语年轻朋友,千万要持之以恒的从事运动,这不是嬉戏,不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。Dear young friends, my advice to you is:Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三,对等译法翻译 浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters称心如意be after one's own heart 皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go 一语道破hit the nail on the head出人头地be head and shoulders above others 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to破釜沉舟burn one's boat 视而不见turn a blind eye to大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四,对等译法翻译 熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.欲速则不达More haste, less speed 出门一里,不如家里East or west, home is best 拉入篮里就是菜All in fish that comes to the net 皇天不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits 小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines 三思而后行Look before you leap 无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire 増词译法 一, 就是小孩也能回答这个问题。Even a child can answer this question. 这是我们团的团长。This is a head of our delegation. 他把报纸搁在一边,打开无线电。He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 我们应当相信群众。We must have faith in the masses. 指南针是中国发明的。The compass was invented in China. 月亮绕着地球转。The moon moves around the earth. 二, 请把练习本交上来。Hand in your exercise-books, please. 我不能用英语表达思想。I can't express myself in English.

英汉互译实践与技巧作业

英汉互译实践与技巧 学 院:水利与建筑工程学院 专业班级:电气 xxx 班 姓 名: xxx 学 号: 201xxxxxxx

Reasons for the Excellence of US Higher Education By Chuck M.Ves Excellence extends beyond individual scholars and in stitutions it extends to systems. A basic question I have been asked innumerable times, especially when traveling abroad, is, Why is Americas system of higher education so good? It is, as has been said all too often, the envy of the world. I think there are seven primary reasons for the excellence of US higher education relative to that in other countries: We have a broad diversity of institutions ranging from small liberal arts colleges to Ivy League schools, to the great land grant universities, and to somewhat more focused institutions like MIT or Caltech. This diversity provides a wealth of environments and opportunities, from which individual students can select a school that best matches their needs and capabilities. We offer new assistant professors a wide open field of freedom to choose what they teach and the topics of research and scholarship they engage. We reject the hierarchical systems of many other nations in which junior faculty are subservient to, and indeed apprenticed to, senior professors. We therefore enjoy a constant flow of new ideas, passions, and approaches that keep us fresh and robust. In our research universities we meaningfully weave together

《英汉翻译课程教学大纲》

英汉翻译课程教学大纲 一、课程的目的和任务 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是,从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发,围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例,介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法,向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧,通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。通过学习,学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识,忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语,并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性,能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等,胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。同时,还要注重培养学生严谨的学风,避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。 适当补充口译实践,训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力,并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。 二、课程的基本要求 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段,其分别要求是: 1、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求: (1)、词汇: 掌握10000-12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组;正确而熟练地使用其中5000-6000 个词 汇及最常用的搭配,能够运用到汉英互译中。 (2)语法: 熟练地使用各种衔接手段,连贯地表达思想,侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 (3)阅读能力: 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评,理解文章大意,分辨事实与细节;能读懂有一定难度的 历史传记及文学作品,理解其真实含义;能分析上述题材文章的思想观点,语篇结构,语言特点和修辞手法。 (4)翻译能力: 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句,写译的速度达到每小时250-300 词。 2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求: (1)词汇 1

英汉翻译的原理和实践

Unit 1 I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲:什么是翻译? 【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story. (“×”号表示译文有问题,下同) ×树的历史开始于森林中,直到生产为木板后被使用为止,成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。 上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容: 1、树的历史的起迄时间 2、树的历史是怎样一回事 【译文】一棵树,从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止,这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事,在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人 心。 【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. ×有两个调节系统相互作用。一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明,就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。 【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息,依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。 寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法,常表现如下: 1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬,但基本可读。如: 【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. ×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家,他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。 【译文】我发现音乐史上有三类作曲家,他们各自的音乐创作方式有所不同。 2、较复杂语句的译文似通非通,甚至不知所云。如: 【例4】The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern. ×传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。 【译文】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思,而是对固定形式的个性化处理。 3、典型的英语表达形式在汉语无法找到对等形式,翻译无从着手。如:

实用翻译常用技巧

实用翻译常用技巧 1.8.1 词语的处理 1.8.1.1直译 1.黑马 2.随行人员 3.鲁迅纪念馆如今已成为极富旅游价值的著名人文景观 4. 无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你备感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求。 1.8.1.2直译加补充信息 1.中山大学,原名广东大学,有孙中山先生于1924年亲手创办。1926年,为纪念孙中山先生,改名为中山大学。 2.在历史上著名的“西安事件”中,蒋介石被张学良扣留。 1.8.1.3 释义 1.解放前,解放后 2. 在精神文明建设方面,坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针。 1.8.1.4 套用译语同义习惯说法 1.高新技术开发区;高新技术城;高科技城 2.情场老手 3. 中国迅速转向市场经济激发了人们读“工商管理硕士”课程的热情。对于想在下一个世纪成为“实业巨头”的追求向上的人来说,这门课程不只是工商管理硕士,它实际上是“成败在此一举”的财富。获得这个学位的人,有可能成为指挥别人的人,没有这个学历的人将受人指挥…… 1.8.1.5 语用转换 1. 立足本省,面向全国,走向世界 2. 这所大学校园占地面积900多亩,建筑面积44万平方米。 1.8.1.6 回译 1. 卡丁车 2. 华伦天奴

3. 花旗参 4. 第一时间 5. 激流勇进 6. 转马 1.8.2 句段的处理 1.8. 2.1 转换衔接手段 1)汉语的重复衔接手段→英语的替换衔接手段(指代替换、同义替换、上义替换、省略替换、) 1:这家宾馆装修使用的是易燃材料,而不是防火材料。 2:1978年我以当时比较好的成绩考上了研究生,同年又考上了出国研究生。 3:要帮助人们增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识和开拓创新精神。 2)灵活的运用衔接手段:原文中不同的替换手段可以转换为译文中相应的替换手段,也可以转换为其他替换手段。 1:银行储蓄所只在大部分人上班时开门,对于广大群众未免太不方便了。 2:交出译文之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。 1.8. 2.2逻辑增补 1:领导班子年轻化 2:虽然海滨浴场每年吸引了成千上万的中外游客,但却明显地受季节自然因素的影响。 1.8. 2.3主语增补与选择 1.增补必要的主语 1:要形成一种制度确保领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化。 2:严格禁止有偿新闻、买卖书号、无理索取高额报酬。 2.选择非主语部分为主语 1:80年前中国共产党诞生之时,党员只有50几人。 2:10年来,中国旅游业达到了前所未有的蓬勃局面。 1.8. 2.4词性及主、被动态转换 1.词性转换 1.中国政府并非第一个以明确态度打击邪教的政府。 2:服兵役能陶冶情操。 3:这种杀虫药见效快,效果好,使用安全,价格低廉。

汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况:一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句;二是有些句子突出宾语部分,在翻译时可以不用补出主

语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机,可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中,详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心,就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序

e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫,忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句:没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。

汉英翻译理论与实践..

调查表(一) 汉英翻译课程教学调查问卷 对象:2006级英语专业;调查时间:2010-06 各位同学,您好! 为了更好地进行翻译教学,及时发现问题,我们特采取问卷调查的形式,了解学习者对汉英翻译课程教学的看法,以便能及时采取相应的措施进行改进。 希望您如实回答下列的问题,为翻译教学的改进和提高提供有价值的信息。请画圈选择你认为最合适的答案,一般选择一项,有的可以选择多项。谢谢合作! 1.任课教师的态度:b a.严谨 b.较为严谨 c.有待加强 d. 不严谨 2.任课教师对教学内容的把握:b a.熟练 b.较为熟练 c.还熟练 d.不熟练 3.任课教师教学的条理性:a a.清楚 b.较为清楚 c.还清楚 d.不清楚 4.任课教师在课内提供的信息量:b a.很大 b.较大 c.尚可 d.太一般 5.通过课堂教学,可以看出,任课教师备课:b a.认真 b.较认真 c.还认真 d.不认真 6.任课教师课堂上吸引学生靠:b c a.严格的纪律 b.幽默的语言 c.丰富的专业知识和科学的教学方法 d.考试时能给学生较高的成绩 7.课堂教学上,任课教师让更多同学发言或讨论,这样的教学手段:b a.欢迎 b.较欢迎 c.基本认可 d.不欢迎 8. 你本人在汉英翻译课程上的大致表现和收获:c a. 投入很大,收获很大 b. 投入很多,收获甚少 c. 投入一般,有一定的收获 d. 投入很少,也无所收获 9. 汉英翻译课堂上最大的收获是:a b c a. 掌握了汉英语的主要特点 b. 掌握了一些重要的翻译技巧 c. 培养了对翻译的兴趣 d. 几乎没有什么收获 10. 任课教师在课堂上的要求:a a. 很有利于我们的翻译学习 b. 不重要,关键要学到知识

常用十大翻译技巧之一增译法

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汉英翻译技巧 汉英翻译技巧1:合并(Combination (1 天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。 It was so cold that the river froze. (2 理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. (3 他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。 He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. (4 年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. (5 当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。 At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors. (6 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. (7 这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed. (8 只要看一眼这封信,你就会明白你上当了。

汉英翻译技巧增词

C-E 汉英翻译技巧:增词(Amplification ) 三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. (增加背景知识)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社) 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. (增连词)(靳梅琳:《英汉翻译概要》,南开大学出版社) 要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) 结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。 The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. (增回概括性词)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社) 这个小男孩饭前都洗手,然后用餐巾纸擦干。 This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. (增物主代词,连词和宾语)(冯庆华:《实用翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社) 老虎和猫同科。 The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals. (增冠词)(林佩汀:《中英对译技巧》,世界图书出版公司) 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. (增形式主词it)(林佩汀:《中英对译技巧》,世界图书出版公司) 该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region. (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) 请报水果罐头的最低价。 You are kindly requested to let us have your best quotation for the canned fruits. (王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社) 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub? (增主语,表条件的连词)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)

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