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第六节 正说反译,反说正译法

第六节  正说反译,反说正译法
第六节  正说反译,反说正译法

第六节正说反译,反说正译法

negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。negation作为一种翻译技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。因此,翻译技巧中的negation译成“正说反译,反说正译法”是较为合适的。而语法中的negation则译成“否定”,因为它主要是指下面四种语言现象:1.Full negative(完全否定);2.Absolute negative(绝对否定);3.Semi negative(部分否定);4.Words or phrases with negative implication(含否定意义的词或短语)。前两种否定,除少数情况外,英语汉语中差别不大;而后两种否定,在英汉两种语言的运用中则差别较大,需要加倍注意。从下面的例句中,可以体会“正说反译,反说正译”在翻译中使用的一些情况。

1.I don’t think Tom is correct.

我认为汤姆不对。(不译成:我不认为汤姆是

对的。)

2.我想小明天不会来了。

I don’t think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.(不译成:I think Xiao Li won't come tomorrow.)

3.A:Are you not going tomorrow?

B I'm not going.

甲:你明天不去吗?

4.①Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism ② in order to invite other new

masters.

进其他新的统治者。(假如不运用“正说反

译,反说正译”这一技巧,译文就会成为:

新的主子。”其义则大相径庭。)

他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。

误:He came here not to ask us for help.

正:He did not come here to ask us for help.

否定状语时,英语中的否定词一般不直接置于被否定词语前,通常置于谓语动词前。只有当两个部分加以对比时,即“不是……而是”时,否定词才可直接置于状语前。如:他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助,而是来给我们提供一些信息。

He came here not to ask us for help, but to give us some information. 即使在这一结构中,英语还是常把否定词置于谓语动词前。

The mountain is not valuable because it is high.

山不因其高而贵。

山并不可贵,因为它高。(误)

I don’t read this book for amusement.

我读这本书不是为了消遣。(我不是为了消遣而读这本书。)

我为了消遣不读这本书。(误)

A girl is not lovely because she is beautiful, but beautiful because she is lovely.

女孩不是因为美丽而可爱,而是因为可爱而美丽。

下面则需视上下文和全句意思而定。

I didn’t go,because I wanted to see him.

我没有去,因为我要见他。

I didn’t go because I wanted to see him.

我不是因为要见他才去。

I don’t love him,because he is poor.

我不爱他,因为他穷。

I don’t love him because he is poor.

我并不是因为他没钱而爱他。

I don’t love him because he is rich.

我并不是因为他有钱而爱他。

(补充)否定句型的直译误区

英语中有一些不同的否定句型,其中有一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译,否则,就会造成误译,甚至与原意背道而驰,下列两种否定句型值得注意:

1.部分否定句型,这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。例如:

(1)I do not know all the students.

误译:对那些学生我都不认识。

改译:对那些学生我不是个个都认识。

(2)All the students didn’t pass the English examination.

误译:所有的学生都没有通过英语考试。

改译:并非所有的学生都通过了英语考试。

同志们好!Hi, comrades!

首长好!Hi, Sir!

同志们辛苦了!(You are) Working hard!

为人民服务!(We are) Serving the people!

2

(1)It is a that never makes mistakes.

误译:聪明人从不犯错误。

改译:无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。

这里,“It is a adj. + n. that + 否定句”是个习语中常出现的句型,应理解为“even if …

+ adj. + 肯定句”,即“再……的,也会……”。而与此结构相似的强调句型中,一般没有形容词。

(2)

误译:那是一条没有弯的长巷。

改译:无论多长(直)的巷也有弯的地方。

没有不拐弯的长巷子。

(路必有弯,事必有变)。

这里“no + too…to”句型不同于一般“no…too”句型,“no…too”部分译为“尽管”,“to (be)”部分译为“也会,也将”。

(3)

impression.

误译:这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。

改译:这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。

“can’t + 形容词或副词比较级”,其实表达的是最高级的意义。

(4)I can’t see you quickly enough.

误译:我不能很快见到你。

改译:我巴不得尽快与你见面。

“cannot + adj./ adv. + enough”,意思是“越……越好”。而另一个与此相似的句型“can’t + adj./ adv. + enough”,意思为“非常……十分……”,如I can’t like the English teaching enough.译为“我非常喜欢教英语。”

He is the last person to tell a lie.

误译:他是最后一个说谎的人。

改译:他最不可能说谎。

“last”除了有“最后的”意思外,还有“极少可能的”,“最不愿干的”等意思。在本句里“last”的意思应为后者。

5.The world today is far from peaceful.今天的世界还很不安宁。(far from是一个形式上肯定而含否定意义的短语或词组,所以要“正说反译”。)

6.

称号。

army of the people.

7.他尽力克服技术资料的不足。

He tries his best to overcome the lack of technical data.

8.窗户打不开。

The window won’t open.

The window can’t be opened.

The window can’t open.

The door is open.

It is difficult to open the window.

9.昨天他没准时到校。

Yesterday he failed to get to school on time. 10.他们不准小孩人。

.11.那座大楼处于无人管理的状态。

That building is in a state of neglect.12. 他常常心不在焉。

He’s often absent-minded.

13.干这事我力不胜任。

14.雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的.

Lei Feng’s noble deeds are all praise.

John is in the parlor,

steak and beer.

酒。

15.该做这工作的是我,而不是你.

I, rather than you,should do the work.16.事实真相同你想的完全不同。

.17.She refrained from laughing.

她忍住了,没有发笑。

18. She was refused admittance by them.

他们不许她进去。

19. An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.

良机难再。

20.

望。

and the people throughout the world.

21. 工作没有经验, 出点差错,在所难免。

Slips avoidable when you're new to your work.

22. 任何事物都有两点,说只有一点叫知其一不知其二。

There are two aspects to everything;to say

there is only one is to be aware of one

aspect and to be ignorant of the other.23.在技术方面,我看大部分首先要照办,因为那些我们现在还没有,还不懂,学了比

较有利。

In technology, I think first we have to follow others in most eases,and it is better for us to do so,since that is what we are lacking at present and know little about.

24. 会议开得冷冷清清,有时甚至开不下去了。

The meetings were marked by such an

absence of lively discussions that at times

they were almost on the point of breaking

up.

25.使用按键,勿用力过猛。

26.科学家们在会上庄严地保证说:“我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。”

The scientists made a solemn pledge at the

conference, saying,“We’

what our Party expects of us.’’

27. The evidence is conclusive all possibilities of doubt.

证据确凿,毋庸置疑。

28. 那里的县委不了解下情。

The County Party Committee there

.29. 那家伙很不老实。

That fellow is far from being honest. 30.那城市及其周围的地方是不冻港和无核区。

the

and a

zone.

31.栾平呆立着,回答不出子荣的一系列问题。

Luan Ping stood still

to answer the battery of questions Yang

Zirong raised.

32.Mr.

official comment on the coup in that

country.

怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论。

33.That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination (or:That strengthened,rather than weakened,our

determination.)

那件事没有减弱我们的决心,反倒增强了我们的决心。

34workers’help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.

没有工人们的帮助,我们这个实验便不会成功。

35.All that glitters is not gold.(or:All is not gold that glitters.)

正译:闪闪发光者,未必皆黄金(或:发光的并不都是金子)。

误译:发光的一切(一切发光的)不是金子。36.“All is not lost.”--John Milton

(约翰·密尔顿说过:)并非全失。(不能误译

为“一切都没有失去。”)

37.George Bernard Shaw once said:“A ll criminals are not murderers.”

乔治·萧伯纳曾说:“罪犯并非全是杀人

犯。”(不能误译成“所有的罪犯都不是杀人

犯。”)

38.But all men are not born to reign.

并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。(王侯将相,宁有种呼?)

39.All graduates from the Foreign Languages

Institutes be appointed to do translation work.

外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。

40.All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.

吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。41.Both children are not clever.

正译:并非两个孩子都聪明。

误译:两个孩子都不聪明。

上述一些含部分否定的例句并非说明“正

说反译,反说正译”这一翻译技巧如何运用,而是想说明在处理翻译问题时,要对这一语言现象倍加注意,以避免误译。

在翻译中,除了部分否定之外,还有一否定现象要特别注意,这就是实际表示否定意义的双重否定。一般说来,双重否定等于肯定(否定之否定等于肯定:Two noes make a yes.),但作为一种粗俗英语或亚标准英语,一直被以英语为母语的人们,特别是英语国家的不少劳动人民在使用,表示强调否定之义。这种双重否定的语言现象在不少书中,如马克·吐温的The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn一书中使用得很多。遇到这类句子,一定要认真研究上下文,弄清它到底是肯定还是否定。如果是一种亚标准英语,就不要译成肯定意思。1.We never thought of nothing wrong.正译:我们从来没想到有什么错误。(正规

英语为We never thought of anything wrong).

误译:我从来都想到了有错误。

2.They would not eat themselves,and would not let others neither.

在标准英语中,neither应改成either,所以应译成:

他们自己不吃(东西),也不让别人吃(东西)。

常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法

译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧:正译法和反译法 正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

正说反译和反说正译

8. 正说反译和反说正译 正说反译 正说反译和反说正译的实质是从逻辑上改换说法。由于语言所反映的心理因素和不同语言的情调往往要求译者改换说法。英汉互译中,为了达到功能对等,增强语言交际效果,常常采用这两种技巧 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我们不能辜负父母的期望。 If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果本人递交证件,则本人不得擅自拆封,否则证件将被视为无效。 如果自己提交档案,学校的密封信封必须加盖公章、完好无损,否则无效。Private! 闲人免进! Keep upright! 切勿倒置! Wet paint! 油漆未干! Urban clearway! 市区通道,不准停车! Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品,切勿近火! I prefer the red one to the black one. 我要红的,不要黑的。 The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire. 林肯总统遭到暗杀的消息不胫而走。 The plan cracked up through a bad landing. 飞机因着陆不当而撞毁。 Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 他不脱衣服,往床上一躺就睡着了。 I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我没有及时回复信函。 Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late. 睡眠过久不利于健康。

英语翻译正说反反说正译

英语翻译正说反反说正译

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第八章英翻译技巧(五)正说反译反说正译 正说反译、反说正译的应用 不论是正说反译还是反说正译,究其原因归纳起来主要是:保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯,保证译文通畅易懂。 所谓反面表达,是指英语词句中含有“not”,“never”,“no”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“in-”,“less-”等否定成分,汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份,不含这些成份的为正面表达。 (一)正说反译的应用 1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义,常见的有:Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge(怨恨,不情愿做), disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack. I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音,我没听清楚你说的话。 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。 2.介词或介词短语含否定之意,常见的词有: Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。 Learn how to be instead of do.要学习如何做人,而不是做事。 The question is above the five-yea-old boy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不烦。 But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨,我们会早到了。 All international disputes must be settled through negotiations instead of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定,意思否定,例如absent (from), free from, safe from, different (from), far from, few, little,alien to,anything but, know better than(明白而不至于), too…to… , rather than,awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便),bad(令人不愉快的,不受欢迎的、不舒服的),blind to (看不到、不注意),dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的),difficult(不容易的),foreign to(不适于,与……无关),short of(不足,不够),poor(不好的,不幸的),ignorant of(不懂) He knows better than to do such a thing.他不至于干这样的事。 His work is far from satisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。 The problem is anything but easy.这个问题可决不容易。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋 4.含有if, before, unless,would rather 的从句或虚拟语气的句子,如: Jump down from the roof of the building. If you dare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。 She will die of hunger before she steals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。 I would rather die before I would betray my country.我宁可死,也不背叛我的祖国。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。 5、许多英语习语从正面表达,习惯上却从反面加以翻译,如: He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday. 他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。 Leave me alone!别管我!Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头,不做凤尾。 (二)反说正译的应用 1.双重否定 You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得/不破不立 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。

英语正反译法练习

正反译法练习之一 1.The newspaper accounts are far from being true. 报纸上的报道一点儿也不真实。 2.Mr. Thompson was above reproach. 汤姆森先生的行为是无可非议的。 3.Keep dry and the top side up! 请勿倒立,防止受潮! 4.Such a chance was denied to me. 这个机会跟我无缘。 5.All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 被狗叫的人不一定都是贼。(犬之所吠,并非皆贼) 6.He kept himself apart from the other children. 他和其他孩子保持距离,一个人待着。 7.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 如果不出示票据,押金是不会返还的。 8.他决不会说出这样的话. He should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 9.她抱怨名单上没有她的名字. She complained about her name should be on the list. 10.他尽力克服技术资料的不足. He tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data. 11.在收据尚未签字以前不得付款. Don’t pay unless the receipt was signed. 12.他上火车站去接他的朋友,可是在人群中没见到他。(miss) He goes to the railway station to meet a friend, but he missed his friend in the crowd. 13.他直到三年级才认识到广泛阅读的重要性。(not…until) He did not realized the importance of the wider reading until three grade. 14.我警告过你,不要跟陌生人谈论我的事。(warn against) I have warned you against talking about me with strangers.

翻译技巧英语笔译技法——正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说,英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-less”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”(正说),也可以翻译成“没有毛病”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还是反说,就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的,但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义,即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 —含蓄否定名词主要有:shortness / shortage(不够;不足)、lack(缺乏;没有)、absence (不在)、failure(未能;不成功)、defiance(不顾;无视)、denial(否认;否定)、exclusion (排除)、freedom(不;免除)、refusal(不愿;不允许)、loss(失去)等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解。 2、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse(不愿;不肯;无法)、lack(缺乏;没有)、defy(不服从;不遵守;不让)、forbid(不许)、stop(不准;别)、ignore(不理;不肯考虑;无视;不顾)、hate(不愿意)、miss(没听清楚;没赶上)等。

正说反译

1、正说反译: Miss the bus 没有赶上车 Live up to the expectations of my parent 不辜负父母的期望 Be absent from the meeting 没有出席会议 A final decision 不可更改的决定 Frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱 Freeze 别动 Mortally ill 不治之症 The window refuses to open 窗户打不开 Children were excluded from getting in the building 儿童不许进入这个房间 The explanation is pretty thin 这个解释站不住脚 I have fallen behind with my correspondence 我有一些信件还没有回复

Fully clothes, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep 衣服也不脱,他往床上横着一倒,不一会儿就睡着了 Don’t lose time in posting this letter 不要忘了寄这封信 No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced 凭票退押金 例1: 原文:她忍住了没有笑出声。 译文:She refrained from laughing. 例2: 原文:花园根本无人整理。 译文:The garden was in a state of total neglect. 例3: 原文:我不能忍受你的脾气。 译文:Your temper is more than I can bear. 例4: 原文:他宁死不屈。 译文:He would die before yielding. 例5: 原文:生活远非净是乐事。 译文:Life is far from being a bed of roses. 例6: 原文:风景美得无以言表。 译文:The scenery is too beautiful for words. That’s a thing that might happen to anyone. 这种事谁也免不了。 Opportunity knocks but once. 机会只来一次。

第七部分 正说反译,反说正译

第七部分正说反译,反说正译 英译汉 1.It is wiser than to believe what you call money talks。 我不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。 2.He could do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. 叫他干什么他都愿意,只要不让他再过从前的日子。 3.All graduates from Foreign Language Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work. 外院的学生并非都被分配去做翻译工作。 4.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master. 非洲踢出西方帝国主义,不是为了请进新的主人。 5.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 双方都认为开会不失体面地接受这样的和平方案。 6.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood. 新到一个陌生的邻里,越小心越好。 7.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection. 再漂亮的东西,只要仔细观察,也会发现某种缺陷。 8.The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste. 月球上北京一个毫无生机的世界,是多山的不毛之地。 9.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat. 燃料中的所有化学能并不都转化为热能。 10.All these various losses, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy. 所有这些损失,尽管很大,却都没有违反能量守恒定律。 11.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the earth 1/4 degree F. 除了太阳以外,所有其他能源都不能把地球的温度升高华氏1/4度。 12.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. 崇拜汽车的这种现代现象在很大程度上要从与所有权相伴的独立和自由的意识上来解释。 13.And this failure to recognize and analyze the interrelationship of linguistic and non-linguistic problems produces two major signs of ineffectiveness. 你没能够意识到和分析出语言和非语言之间的内部联系,才产生了这两种效率低下的现象。 14.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bat to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. 动物发出的声音并不都气语言作用,我们只需要以蝙蝠的固定声位的发现为例,通过这个不同寻常的事例,我们就能知道声音起着非常实际的作用。 15.Because of the possibility of human error and total reliance on communications between pilots and controller the system will be “fail-dangerous” rather than “fail-safe.”。 由于人难免犯错,以及完全依赖飞行员与控制器之间的联系,这一套方法与其说会自

Negation(正说反译、反说正译)

Translation concerning negation Aims: to understand the features of Chinese and English as regards negation, the application of negation in the process of translation Key points: the application of negation in the process of translation Difficulties: affirmative 肯定in Chinese but negative in English, negative in Chinese but affirmative in English Teaching procedures: Negation being an important conception in one’s expression of thoughts, expressions of negations is to be found in any tongue. This is naturally true of Chinese and English. However, the ways of indicating negation are quite different in the two languages. This frequently causes a lot of trouble to translators, who if not careful enough, would often make mistakes. 1. Features of the two languages as regards negation ●1. Both languages have negatives or expressions formed with negatives. In modern Chinese, the much-used negative words are: 不,没,别. These words express three different meanings: 不signifies表示denial of a statement;没denial of a being or occurrence(,非and 否can be put under this category);别dissuasion or prohibition(甭,勿,and 莫can be put under this category) ●The oft-used negatives in English are “not”, and “no”, in addition to “nothing”, ”nobody” “none”, “without”, “ neither…nor”, “never”, etc. ●Chinese negatives are generally capable of producing derivatives, particularly the word 不, 无and 非. Their derivatives are equivalent to English words formed by adding affixes, e.g. 不法unlawful, 不便inconvenient, 无边boundless,非正规军irregulars ●In English, apart from using negatives to express negation, words with a negative sense can be formed by adding affixes to roo t words. The affixes thus used are mainly “less”

第四讲正说反译、反说正译法

Negation (正说反译、反说正译法) The English language has its peculiarities in negation. Of course, English-speaking people have their own way of thinking in the negation and expressing negative implications. What is affirmative in form in English may be implied something negative in Chinese, and vice versa. The use of “yes” and “no” is a case in point. 1.--“Are you not going tomorrow?” --“No, I’m not going.” 2. “I don’t think you’re right in this point.” Discussion: “你是人,你不是东西。你是东西吗?你真不是东西!?我认为你不是东西。你算什么东西!” Version: You’re a person, not a thing. Aren’t you a person/a thing? Are you reliable/ some-thing? No, I don’t think so./Yes, I think so. What a creature you are! What a fool you are! You are a sheer idiot. I think you are an idiot. I don’t think you are tr ustworthy. You, really, are nothing. You think you are something. No, far from it. Purposes of Affirmation and Negation 1. to make the meaning clear, 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect, 3. make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language A. Some Idiomatic Expressions 1. riot police 防暴警察(即anti-riot police,而不是暴乱的警察) 2. crisis law 反危机法案(即anti-crisis law) 3. spy film 反谍影片 4. After you, sir. 先生,您先请。 5. 路上辛苦了。 原译:You must have had a tiring journey. 改译:Did you have a good trip? 6. Keep in lane! 不准换线! 7. Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草地!(正说反译) 8. I couldn’t agree more with you. 我完全同意你的看法。 9. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。/别见外 10. He was the last man to say such things. 他绝不会说这样的话。 B. Negation--Affirmation 1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗! 2. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” 当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候,他们只是淡淡地说:“我们看过你的文章,但没想到你这么年轻。” 3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him. 归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。 C. Affirmation--Negation 4 .That’s a thing that might happen to any man. 原译:这样的事情可能发生在任何人身上。 改译:这种事情谁也难免。 5. His speech leaves much to be desired. 他的讲话很不如人意。

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法 5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译) 1 ——文章来源网络,仅供参考

名师指导-中级笔译翻译技巧之正译法和反译法

名师指导:中级笔译翻译技巧之正译法和反译法关于提高大学英语能力的方法,今天小编给大家整理了一些简单实用的的英语技巧,希望可以帮到大家。 正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1) 在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available toeveryone. (反译) (2) 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译) (3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being.

翻译技巧 反译法

第八节反译法 由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性与我国不同,因此这些国家人们的思维方式和生活习性亦与我国不同。这种差别体现在语言习惯七,便产生了两种语言各自不同的表达形式。在表示否定意义时,这种差异显得尤为突出。有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上是肯定的,有的形式上是肯定的而实质上是否定的。在翻译某些英文句子时,应当特别注意两点:一是英语里有些从正面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可以从反面来表达,即正说反译法;二是英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子,汉译时可从正面来表达,即反说正译法。例如: (1)The kind of machine is far from being complicated. 这种机器一点也不复杂。 这个句子如果译成“这种机器离复杂甚远”就使人感到不知所云。 (2)He wrote three books in the first two years,a record never reached before. 他头两年写了3本书,打破了以往的记录。 原文从反面表达,译文从正面表达。如译成“这是他从前从未达到的记录”则显得很别扭。 (3)I have read your articles,but,expect to meet an older woman. 我读过你的文章,但没料到你这样年轻。 本句如译成“我读过你文章,但我料想会见到一个年纪更大的女人”则不符合汉语表达习惯。 从以上例中可以看出,有些句子从正面译不顺,不妨从反面译;反面译不顺,则不妨从正面译,因为同一个概念,一个民族正着说,以为是合乎表达习惯的,而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺口。因此,在恰当的场合灵活运用反译法不失为确保译文语义明晰、文从字顺的有效手段。 一、正说反译法 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的。一些语言学家称这些词为“含蓄否定词”,另一些语言学家则称之为“暗指否定词”。英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。 (一)名词 (1、Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries. 由于时间不够,没能访问某些国家。 (2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidance of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判,而不是武装冲突来解决。 (3 1 There was complete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country. 关于该国的石油储量情况,人们毫无所知。 (4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom,but the want of it always leaves room for.the suspicion of folly. 尽管有礼貌并不一定标志着此人有智慧,但是无礼貌却总是使人怀疑其 愚蠢。 (5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can create problems. 不注意文化差异或当地风俗可能会产生问题。 作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有:defiance(不顾,无视),denial(否认,否

第六节 正说反译,反说正译法

第六节正说反译,反说正译法 negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。negation作为一种翻译技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。因此,翻译技巧中的negation译成“正说反译,反说正译法”是较为合适的。而语法中的negation则译成“否定”,因为它主要是指下面四种语言现象:1.Full negative(完全否定);2.Absolute negative(绝对否定);3.Semi negative(部分否定);4.Words or phrases with negative implication(含否定意义的词或短语)。前两种否定,除少数情况外,英语汉语中差别不大;而后两种否定,在英汉两种语言的运用中则差别较大,需要加倍注意。从下面的例句中,可以体会“正说反译,反说正译”在翻译中使用的一些情况。 1.I don’t think Tom is correct. 我认为汤姆不对。(不译成:我不认为汤姆是

对的。) 2.我想小李明天不会来了。 I don’t think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.(不译成:I think Xiao Li won't come tomorrow.) 3.A:Are you not going tomorrow? B I'm not going. 甲:你明天不去吗? 4.①Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism ② in order to invite other new masters. 进其他新的统治者。(假如不运用“正说反 译,反说正译”这一技巧,译文就会成为: 新的主子。”其义则大相径庭。) 他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。 误:He came here not to ask us for help.

翻译技巧英语笔译技法正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法 —— 正反译法 由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同,汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时 有很大差异,尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂,有时形式否定而实质肯定,或形式肯定 而实质否定。在两种语言互译时,原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说,或是用反说表达 更为合适。反之亦然。翻译中,这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法,就称为正 反译法。 正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法,属于引申和修辞范围。 笼统的说,英语句子中含有 “never 、”“no 、”“not 、”“un-”、“im-”、 “ i-n ”、 “-ir ”、 “-less ”等否定词以 及否定前缀或后缀的单词,以及汉语句子中含有 “不 ”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、 “莫”、 “非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说,不含有这些否定词的即为正说。 但实际操作时,正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊,例如 “correct 可以翻译成正确”(正说),也 可以翻译成 “没有毛病 ”(反说)。因此,到底译文要采用正说还是反说,就完全要看译文语言的 惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。 在正反译法中,英译汉正转反(正说反译法)和汉译英反转正(反说正译法)是最为重要的两 种正反译法。 英译汉正转反 英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的,虽然形式是肯定的, 但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词,或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否 定词义,即所谓的 “含蓄否定词 ”或 “暗指否定词 ”,这类词在译成汉语时,需要变成汉语的否定词 组,必要时还需要作词类转换。 1、名词 — 含蓄否定名词主要有: shortness / shortage (不够; 不足) 、lack (缺乏; 没有) 、absence (不在)、failure (未能; 不成功)、defianee (不顾; 无视)、denial (否认; 否定)、exclusion (排除)、 freedom (不; 免除)、 refusal (不愿; 不允许)、 loss (失去)等。 Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够,没能访问那些国 家。 Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时要规矩点。 We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 2 、动词或动词短语 —英语中常见的含蓄否定动词包括:refuse (不愿;不肯;无法)、lack (缺乏; (不服从; 不遵守; 不让)、 forbid (不许)、 stop (不准; 别)、 ignore (不理; 无视; 不顾)、 hate (不愿意)、 miss (没听清楚; 没赶上)等。 Chris TAO 于2012 年10月22日归纳总结并存手稿。 ) 他何以不回信,我们大惑不解 没有)、 defy 不肯考虑; He refuses to come in. 他不愿意进来。

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