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3翻译练习题答案

1.【答案】No matter how frequently performed

考查no matter how“无论如何”引导的状语从句。

2.【答案】they are apt to make trouble

①be apt to表示“易于做某事”，指人的机体或精神上的固有的或习惯的倾向等;②make trouble 表示“惹麻烦”。

3.【答案】Much as I admire him as a writer

①让步状语从句：much as表示“尽管……”，as 引导的让步状语从句，其主要结构为：形容词/副词/名词+ as/though + 主语+ 谓语，much表示程度;②admire him as a writer译为“崇拜他是作家”。

4.【答案】while his mind was wandering

①while表示“却……”;②mind was wandering表示“胡思乱想”。

5.【答案】can we adapt(ourselves)to the society quickly after we graduate

本题考查对倒装句、adapt的用法以及after引导的时间状语从句的掌握。only引起的状语位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。本题中要将情态动词can提前。adapt作“适应”解时常用于adapt(oneself)to sth.的结构。

6.【答案】What he really hopes for

本题考查主语从句。例如：What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.对我们来说，重要的是如何让我们的校园生活有意义、有收获。

7.【答案】more mobile shops(should)be set up in the residential area

表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式。

8.【答案】needn’t have borrowed it from the bank

本题考查虚拟语气的用法，needn’t have done的结构是“本不必这样做而做了”的意思。

9.【答案】It is because she is too inexperienced

没有经验可以用一个形容词来翻译，即inexperienced。

10.【答案】will be doing/conducting the experiment

本题考查将来时态的用法，“做实验”既可用do experiment也可用conduct experiment。

11.【答案】However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

表示为难，此处用upset，当然我们也可以用made sb.in a difficult position，或embarrass sb.。

12.【答案】whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

whether/if引导后置的主语从句

13.【答案】wondering about his real purpose

leave sb.doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb.to do sth.让某人干某事

14.【答案】followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.

虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法。从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were)+ …… 主句：主语+ would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形+ ……

15.【答案】of failure to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions/of failing to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions

本题考查对accuse的用法及短语fulfill one’s promise to…的掌握。Accuse“指责、控告”常用于accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.的结构，所以was accused of之后用failure和failing都可以。“实现……的承诺”用fulfill one’s promise to表示，to后接动词原形。

1.【答案】reacts three times as fast as the other one

本题考查倍数的表达方式。倍数表达法有三种：A倍数+原级B 倍数+比较级C倍数+名词短语。例如：和……的三倍一样长可以译为：

A.three times as long as

B.twice longer than

C.three times the length of

2.【答案】or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

将来完成时。

3.【答案】killing thousands upon thousands of people

分词作结果状语。

4.【答案】Whatever be the reasons for it

whatever“无论是什么”引导的状语从句。

5.【答案】especially in developed countries

“发达国家”和“发展中国家”的表达方式分别为developed country, developing country。

6.【答案】What makes the world develop so fast

根据句子各部分语法功能判断，我们在这里需要的是一个主语，因此必须将需填入部分译成what引导的主语从句，全句意思为：什么让世界发展如此之快——是现代科技。

7.【答案】absorb as much knowledge as he can

本句意为：学生应该珍惜宝贵时间并吸收尽可能多的知识以便为将来事业打下坚实的基础。“吸收”可选用absorb，drink in，take in.“尽可能多的”译为as many as或as much as，具体要看句中名词是可数还是不可数。lay a foundation for表示“为……打下基础”。

8.【答案】nowhere is education better than in college

“没有任何地方”译成“nowhere”，但nowhere是一个表示否定的词，后面要采取部分倒装的形式，所以把is置于主语education之前。

9.【答案】he would sooner die than do such a thing

主语+would sooner+动词原形+than+动词原形表示“两者比较宁愿做……，也不愿意做另一件”，强调意愿。该句型还有另外一种形式：Sooner than +动词原形……，(主句)主语+would+动词原形。主要是用于强调所比的对象，主句虽然放在后面，但不用倒装。

10.【答案】are students permitted to graduate in advance

①句首是Only +介词短语，后面应用倒装句式，属于部分倒装，系动词+主语+其他;②are permitted to表示“被允许做……”;③in advance表示“提前”。

11.【答案】the color of our skin is due to heredity

①the color of our skin表示“肤色”;②due to表示“取决于……”;③heredity表示“遗传”，特指生物遗传;heritage 使用最广泛，不仅指一般的遗产，也指世代相传的具有特色的精神财富或物质财富;inheritance 指继承这一行为，不指继承的东西，为抽象名词。

12.【答案】mainly due to stress and tension in their work

stress做名词时，意思偏于精神方面的压力;请注意以下词的区别：pressure偏于物理方面的压力;tension指紧张，nervousness指神经过敏;“由于”的表达有owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of等。

13.【答案】more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty

这题主要是对较大数字以及“摆脱”的翻译考查。250万译为2.5million或two and a half million 都可以;另外“摆脱”也有多种表达：get rid of，lift out等，或简单地用out表达。

14.【答案】All the members except the Chairman voted for my proposal

本题要注意vote to 和vote for的区别，vote to是指支持某人，投票给某人，而vote for不单

指投票，并是赞成某人。for有赞成的意味，另反对可以相应表达为against。

15.【答案】providing new growth opportu nities for China’s foreign and domestic trade

主要是“国内外贸易”-China’s foreign and domestic trade这个表达的掌握。

第三部分翻译——特训练习三答案与解析

1.【答案】achieve something or fulfill your ambitions

本题考查短语搭配。“取得成就”可以有这样的表达：make achievements或achieve something，前者“成就”作名词，后者作动词。“实现雄心壮志”中“实现”可选用realize，fulfill，此外make…come true，carry…out也有实现梦想/理想之意。

2.【答案】always makes adequate preparations

“作准备”的表达有：prepare…for; make preparations for…“充分的”可选形容词有：enough，sufficient，adequate，而well-prepared多在句中充当表语成分，如：His counsel was well-prepared.他的律师做了充分准备。

3.【答案】All that is needed is

此句不要受汉语思维的影响用only来翻译，“唯一要做的”，其实是“你所需要做的一切”。

4.【答案】without written permission from the publishing house

①介词短语：without written permission表示“未经允许”;②written permission表示“(书面)允许”;③the publishing house表示“出版社”。

5.【答案】is most clearly observable in the surrounding field and river

①is most clearly observable表示“完全可以看出来”，句型The effect of…is…observable.表示“……的效果是可以看出的”;②surrounding field and river表示“周围的田野和河流”。

6.【答案】another common point between the people of our two countries

本题通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词，但是“共同点”是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补between之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一。

7.【答案】were widely read in English-speaking countries

这句话易被错译为were widely read in English countries。原文中“英语国家”的含义是“讲英语的国家”。又如：我卖掉了彩电。I sold out my color TV.这句译文错误在于，没弄清“彩电”的含义。其有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视color TV。这都体现了英汉表达差异。

8.【答案】and so does reform

考点有二：①考查词性转移。原文中“解放”用作动词，“生产力”作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语“对生产力的解放”。②考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces，这种结构显得累赘。为避免重复，可选用and so does…来代替这个动宾结构。

9.【答案】about the present development of information industry

“对……表示乐观”可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of information industry。“状况”是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。

10.【答案】serve the economic development

“服务于……”即“为……服务”，所以要用serve sb./sth.的结构，不能译成be served to。“进程”也是一个范畴词，可以省略不译。另外，be subordinated to是一个固定结构，含义是“从属于……隶属于……”。

11.【答案】only to be told that she couldn’t come by then

本题考查对“only+不定式”结构的掌握。此结构相当于一个结果状语，意为“结果却……”，表示事情的发展与预料相反。如：He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.他一路奔跑赶到车站，可是车已经开走了。

12.【答案】in appearance but not in character

①in appearance表示“外表”，往往包括衣着，而looks 复数形式表示容貌，单数形式则表示“表情、神色”，尤指高兴时的表情;②in character表示“性格”。

13.【答案】than go on holiday to the seaside

①虚拟语气：than go on holiday表示“不如……”，其结构为：主语+would rather+动词谓语+than+动词原形，表示“宁可……”、“与其……不如(做)，不愿”。②on holiday表示“度假”。

③seaside表示“海滨”。

14.【答案】through facial expressions and by making noises

本题要注意介词的选择。同样是表示方法途径，前后的介词选择却有不同，考生要注意比较和记忆。

15.【答案】what really made me decide to buy it

Notes: 动词词组，表示因果关系的attribute… to…。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to，表示“有助于，对…做出贡献”。

III.特殊的否定句式

例7：有利必有弊。

译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)

例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。

译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)

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