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新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-6)课后答案及课文翻译

Key to book4 unit1-6

Unit 1

Active reading (2)

8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.

1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?

This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)

2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …

This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)

3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).

Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).

4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.

Here ―kind of‖ is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).

5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.

This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).

6 ... it‘s true, he really did seem to have three hands.

Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it‘s true).

7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …

This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).

Language in use

try as … might

3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .

1 I‘m trying to fill this last page, but I just can‘t think of anything.

Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can‘t think of anything.

2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn‘t seem to respond.

Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn‘t seem to respond.

3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can‘t help thinking about my family.

Try as I might to get to sleep, I can‘t help thinking about my family.

4 He just doesn‘t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.

Try as he might, he just doesn‘t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just d oesn‘t seem to get it.

5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.

Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.

given that …

4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …

1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.

Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.

2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.

Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.

3 Since we‘re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.

Given that we‘re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.

4 Since it‘s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.

Given that it‘s rather late, I t hink we should leave this last task until tomorrow.

clauses introduced by than

5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .

1 She‘s experienced at giving advice. I‘m more experienced.

She‘s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I‘m more experienced at giving advice than she is.

2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn‘t good for you.

You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.

3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don‘t work so hard.

She worked harder than most part-timers do.

4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn‘t acceptable.

You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.

5 I don‘t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn‘t wise.

I think you have given more personal information than is wise.

collocations

6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.

(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?

I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.

(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?

You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.

The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.

2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.

(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?

No, I haven‘t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.

(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?

It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.

You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.

3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.

(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?

In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.

(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?

In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.

It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy ―kissing and making up‖ after the conflict.

7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

If you ask me, real life is not all it‘s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?

Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It‘s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that‘s before I‘ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I‘m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won‘t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I‘m 60.（?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。如最后一句译文加了―领养老金‖，点出了与上一句的关联。）依我看，现实生活与人们想象的不一样。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年的大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在安宁的学生生活之外那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？

无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人争吵（尤其是跟男孩，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？），但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上拿点钱去：国税局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙冷不丁地给我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我连今年都活不过去了，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。

8 Translate the paragraphs into English.

我认为，选修第二专业并不适合每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。

第二学期,《英国文学》及《宏观经济学》两门课不及格给我敲响了警钟，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。(if you ask me; odds; try as … might; sap one‘s confidence; given that; bow to fate; come to a close; for fear that; now that)

If you ask me, taking a second major isn‘t good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldn‘t do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major.

Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one

subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.

Unit 2

Active reading (2)

Reading and interpreting

7 Answer the questions.

1 What is the first struggle that he has with books?

Miller‘s first struggle is to obtain books and get his hands on them.

2 Why is it difficult to lay hands on them?

The books are not in the public library because someone has already borrowed them and Miller doesn‘t have the money to buy them.

3 What sort of books are prohibited for a young man?

Books which are considered to be immoral for a young person to read.

4 What is the best way to be introduced to a book?

Through the passionate recommendation of someone who has read the book.

5 What is an unused book lying on a shelf compared with?

It is compared with wasted ammunition. This means that it is useless. It is also compared to money because it should be in circulation.

6 Why does Miller suggest resisting your impulses and not opening a book as soon as you get it?

He says you should think intensely about the title, author, and likely contents, imagining what you would have written yourself about it. Then you may de cide you don‘t need to read it, or, if you do read it, you will read it with more interest and acumen.

Language in use

word formation: -ous

1 Write the adjectives which describe:

1 a writer who has achieved fame (famous)

2 readers who show curiosity (curious)

3 someone who feels envy (envious)

4 a region which is full of mountains (mountainous)

5 a parcel which has a very large volume (voluminous)

infinitive / gerund as the subject of a sentence

2 Complete the sentences using infinitive or gerund as the subject. Usually both forms are possible, but you should be able to justify your choice.

1 Getting up early in the morning gives me more time to organize the day.

(To express an everyday activity)

2 To write a best-seller has always been my dream.

(This is a bit more abstract or a far-away grand idea)

3 Forgetting to take back a library book may not seem serious, but it causes problems for other students.

(To express a normal activity for many people)

4 To spend a lot of time reading in one‘s childhood can b ring rewards later in life.

(Use the more abstract form for an important idea)

5 To be or not to be, that is the question.

(In Shakespeare this can be interpreted as a grand idea, so he uses the formal way; if you say, ?Being or not being…‘ is may be more immediate and seems normal – but in Hamlet the situation is not normal)

such is / are …

3 Rewrite the sentences using such is / are …

1 Good writing is so powerful that the reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them.

The reader thinks the writer is speaking directly to them. Such is the power of good writing.

2 The novel Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is so charming that you can‘t put it down even for a moment.

You can‘t put Salmon Fishing in the Yemen down even for a moment. Such is the charm of th e novel.

3 Travel is such a pleasure that you may end up living in another country.

You may end up living in another country. Such is the pleasure of travel.

4 The sense of confusion in this film is so great that you may feel you want to leave before the end. You may feel you want to leave before the end. Such is the sense of confusion in this film.

5 The difficulties of translation are so enormous that much of the meaning is lost.

Much of the meaning is lost. Such is the enormity of the difficulties of translation.

if / whether it be …

4 Rewrite the sentences using if / whether it be …

1 Is it the right time to start this kind of project? Ask yourself carefully.

Ask yourself carefully whether it be the right time to start this kind of project.

2 Is it the f irst edition of Dr Johnson‘s Dictionary? I very much doubt it.

I very much doubt if this be the first edition of Dr Johnson‘s Dictionary.

3 Is it common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this? I‘m not sure.

I am not sure if it be common knowledge that Arthur Miller thought like this.

4 Is it necessary to produce any documents when making an application? Perhaps we should inquire. Perhaps we should inquire whether it be necessary to produce any documents when making an application.

5 Is it the right way to tackle the problem? I doubt it.

I doubt if it be the right way to tackle the problem.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 confront This word usually means to deal with a difficult situation.

(a) Which are the most important problems we have to confront in today‘s world?

This could be a long list! I‘d say: global warming, pollution, water shortages, extreme weather conditions, local military conflicts, poverty, famine and hunger, unemployment, to name only a few.

(b) Were you confronted by anyone asking for something on your way to class today?

Not today, but a few days ago I was confronted by someone asking for money –which I didn‘t like

at all.

Th e problem that my grandfather is elderly and has Alzheimer‘s disease: He needs constant care because he forgets ordinary things. It is difficult for my parents and for me because we all take turns to look after him. I realized what this was really like when I had to look after him for a weekend when my parents were away, but I discovered I have a lot more patience now. So perhaps this crisis

has helped us to develop some good qualities, although it is actually a very difficult time for all

of us.

2 idle This word usually means not being used, lazy, or without any real reason or purpose.

(a) If someone is idle by nature, what don‘t they like doing?

They don‘t like doing work or other things that they should do but which they don‘t like doing.

(b) If machinery is idle, what isn‘t it doing?

The machinery is not being used.

Not really, they just have a slight curiosity to see what the book is, but they have no real interest. (d) If someone makes you an idle threat, do you take it seriously?

No, you don‘t because you know that the threat has no real purpose.

3 tackle This word usually means to challenge someone or something, or to make an attempt to deal with

a problem.

(a) What are the main issues the government needs to tackle in the near future?

Well. I suppose there are several issues which need to be tackled, including rising prices and employment in some places, or some social problems in a few areas.

(b) How do you tackle someone about their ideas and opinions?

I am inclined to be direct and simply ask them about their opinions and ideas. I think they will tell

me honestly if they believe I am really interested in what they think.

You have managed to get the ball away from them so that your team can keep the ball for a moment.

4 withstand This word usually means to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something,

or to be able to deal with a difficult situation.

(a) What sort of defences can withstand a direct attack?

To withstand a direct attack you need strong defences which are well placed.

(b) What sort of clothes allow you to withstand the cold in winter?

To withstand the cold in winter, you need thick, warm clothes.

Yes, I can. Actually, our teachers generally give us our assignments at intervals and we usually know well in advance what we should. So as long as you get on with the work (and don‘t leave it until the last minute!) the pressure is not too bad and we can manage.

6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.

Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books – less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rémy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself – who would suspect it? – is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written

a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to ―waste‖ his time roy ally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.

（几处倒装句应灵活处理，以体现原文语气。every last book the man has written 等于all the books he has written。注意这段话的逻辑关系。If he is anything, he is a man of…一句中的if 从句起强调作用，说明他不是一个书生或思想家，而是一个行动家。此处需灵活翻译。）

不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，或许只有极少数作品——不到50本——是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯·桑德拉尔指出，雷米·德·古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，了解书的这种重复性。没有人会怀疑桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，他阅读了大部分独具个性的作家的作品。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，就会阅读这个人写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世上，像他这样的情况是绝无仅有的，他不仅读得广，读得深，而且本人还著述颇丰。这一切似乎都是在业余时间完成的。因为从本质上讲，他是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何大量―浪费‖时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学届的凯撒大帝。

7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正能让他爱不释手、值得一读的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。

It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers‘ fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak.

2 如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。(reflect on; in one sitting; lay hands on; immerse in; worthwhile; privilege; withstand; vista)

Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to make up for those marvelous books he hadn‘t had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of life. Unit 3

Active reading (1)

Background information

Fashion is generally divided into subsectors: menswear, womenswear, sportswear and streetwear, hosiery (socks, tights, stockings), formal wear and casual wear. Fashion and the choice of what clothes we buy and wear is influenced by our beliefs, attitudes and personality. But this passage shows that the stock market can also be an influence.

Culture points

The Californian gold rush (1848–1855) was a period of rapid migration of miners and other workers

into California following the dramatic discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada. It led to the settlement of California.

Swinging London is a term that describes fashion and cultural trends in music and the media in

mid-1960s Britain, especially London. Icons of the time included the miniskirt, the mini car, the first supermodels like Twiggy (who was famous for being very thin) and fashionable shopping streets for clothes (like Carnaby Street and Kings Road in London).

The hippie movement began in the early 1960s in California and spread internationally. Hippies had a reputation for social rebellion (eg with drugs and sexual behaviour) and alternative lifestyles (eg in communes). They tried to find a new way of life which valued peace, individuality, and religious and cultural diversity. The movement influenced popular music, TV and film, literature and the arts. Hippie fashions included long full skirts, bell-bottomed jeans, home-made and tie-dyed garments, the use of flower designs (which represented peace and love), and influences from non-Western cultures in headscarves, headbands, bracelets and long beaded necklaces.

The punk period features fashions that expressed anger against society and included brightly coloured hair, ripped clothes and studded belts.

The New Romantics was a youth fashion movement, developed in 1960s in London. It is strongly associated with music, which was inspired by historical periods, especially the English Romantic Movement. Fashions had a dramatic, flamboyant look with luscious fabrics, loose shirts with frills and short shirt collars, unfolded, with top buttons unfastened and using monotone colours.

Power dressing is a stylish and perhaps expensive way of dressing (usually for business, the professions or politics) which is intended to give the impression that the person wearing the clothes is assertive and competent, through the use of structured shapes, shoulder pads, smart fabrics, high heels and clean cut styling in the form of work uniform. Whether wearing particular styles of clothing empowers the wearer or whether newly-empowered people simply wear clothes that reflect their achievements is an open question.

Miami Vice was a classic 1980s TV crime drama about two detectives who go undercover to fight drug traffickers. The series – and the 2006 film – was noted for its strong use of music and visual effects; it has been rebroadcast around the world. During the five years of making this TV series the producers explicitly sought the advice of designers (eg Gianni Versace, Hugo Boss) in order to display the latest European fashion trends, with the result that Miami Vice had a significant influence on 1980s men‘s fashion in the USA and elsewhere, and even on the 2000s revival (it was called ―retro‖ or

―retrospective style‖). The clothing style of the TV detectives, Sonny Crockett and Rico Tubbs, had pastel coloured T-shirts and suits, no socks, sunglasses, and an unshaven appearance of a small amount of beard stubble.

Heavy metal music is a kind of rock music that developed in the UK and USA in the late 1960s and early 1970s, characterized by loudness, speed, distorted amplified sounds and extended guitar solos. Converse is a company which has produced basketball shoes since 1917, especially the Chuck Taylor All Stars trainers (often abbreviated to ―Chucks‖ or ―Cons‖), named after the basketball player who contributed to the design and was the company‘s best salesman.

Nike is a leading supplier of sportswear and equipment. This American company started making Nike shoes in 1971. They are named after the Greek winged goddess of victory.

The stock market indexes show the performance of the stock market, typically reflecting the rise and fall of the shares of large companies, eg the FTSE (also ―footsie‖) is an index of the top 100 companies listed on the London stock exchange and the Nikkei 225 is an index of the stock market in

Language points

1 No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and ... (para 1)

The word ubiquitous means present everywhere. Thus the ubiquitous jeans means that jeans can be found everywhere.

2 Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery.

An economic boom is a sudden increase in trade, business activity and development in a particular area or region; an economic bust is a business failure or bankruptcy because of lack of money.

The expression economic boom and bust describes cycles in which a boom period of growth, high production and rising prices is followed by economic decline, contraction and unemployment before a new cycle.

3 Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled ... (para 2)

The economic outlook is unsettled means the economy is unstable, that is, the economy has problems and is likely to change suddenly, making people uncertain about what may happen in the future.

4 It was given greater respectability when the great French designer, Courrèges, developed it into an item of high fashion. (para 4)

For a while the miniskirt was controversial and not respectable because it showed a large extent of the wearer‘s legs, but when Courrèges developed it in Paris fashion shows, this gave approval and support, because the miniskirt could be considered an item of high fashion (having high status from a Paris fashion house).

5 ... but the predominant colours became olive green and oatmeal. (para 10)

Predominant colours refer to the most common colours or those which seem more important or powerful.

6 ... which were described by one commentator as “the prim and proper look is in …” (para 11)

A fashion is in when it is a new or current style, or out when it is out-of-date.

7 During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sub-culture. (para 14)

During the whole period, there has been a wide range of different fashion styles, which were usually started by people‘s wish to show their identity in a way that would make them distinct from the reset of society.

Vocabulary support

The following are some terms related to clothing that appear in the passage. Understanding of these terms may help with reading comprehension of the passage.

Hemline refers to the bottom edge of a dress or skirt. It shows the lengt h of women‘s skirts and dresses – this length changes according to fashion.

Denim is a thick cotton cloth that is usually blue and is used especially to make jeans. The name comes from French De N?mes (―from Nimes‖, a city in the south France). Such cloth was made both in France and England in the 17th century.

The word jeans comes from Genoa. Sailors from the 17th-century republic of Genoa worked in France and wore trousers made of a mix of cotton, linen and / or wool which was made near Turin in Italy.

jeans were also fashionable. They had been the fashion of the 17th-century sailors, whose trousers lost their colour when they were washed in sea water and were exposed to the sun. There are various different fits to jeans which include baggy, boot-cut, flares, wide leg, twisted and skinny jeans. Miniskirt is a very short skirt of mid-thigh length. A micro miniskirt is shorter, up to the upper thigh; a midi is a skirt with a moderate length below the knee, perhaps mid-calf length; a maxi is an

ankle-length skirt.

A pairs of tights is a piece of women‘s clothing that tightly covers the feet and legs up to the waist; stockings only cover the feet and legs, and are held up with suspenders.

Flare is a shape that becomes wider at one end. A flared ―bell-bo ttom‖ style refers to trousers with flared legs – they get wider towards the foot and the end is even wider, like a bell.

A preppy style means wearing classic designer clothes with good fabrics to present a neat, smart,

well-balanced appearance with bright colours and a clean look. A preppy lifestyle is happy, friendly and sociable,

with good manners. The word preppy is an abbreviation of preparatory, which refers to private or boarding schools which are preparation for college, which reflects the style of a preppy look.

Chinos are trousers which are a type of light-weight cotton cloth made of chino cloth or twill, a typical form of smart but casual dress.

A hood is part of a coat or jacket that covers your head; a hoodie (or hoody) is a jacket or sweat shirt with a hood.

Prim clothes are neat, sensible and proper, showing very little of your body. Prim and proper fashions are careful, modest, formal and demure, a respectable style which wouldn‘t offend anyone.

Lycra is a light cloth made from artificial fibers that stretches and keeps its shape.

Loafers are low leather shoes that you slip on and off and do not need to tie.

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 What happened on the fashion scene in the 1950s?

(a) Blue jeans arrived in Europe and Asia.

(This happened and they were worn in Europe and Asia ―with huge enthusiasm‖.)

(b) American youth started wearing jeans.

(d) American women started to wear trousers.

2 What do women want to do during an economic boom?

(a) Show less of their legs.

(b) Show more of their legs.

(Yes, it seems there is a direct correlation: as the economy booms, hemlines rise.)

(d) Sell their shares.

3 What did the tights help to promote in the 1960s?

(a) The French fashion industry.

(b) Stockings.

(Yes, because without tights the tops of stockings would show since miniskirts had much higher

(d) The Beatles.

4 What was popular in the mid-1980s?

(a) Clean shaven faces.

(b) Long hair.

(Yes, the passage says ―denim remained popular ... heavy metal music fans wore ... jeans and denim jackets.)

(d) Short skirts.

5 What was fashionable in the 1990s?

(a) Designer jeans.

(b) Dyed hair and trainers.

(Yes, both of these are specifically mentioned for the 1990s.)

(d) Clothes with bright colours.

6 What happened in the fall of 2007?

(a) Hemlines anticipated a global crisis.

(Yes, this is what happened, which was unusual according to the previous correlation that hemlines followed the economic situation rather than proceeding or anticipating it.)

(b) Women‘s skirts got shorter.

(d) Designers began to lose touch with reality.

3 Match the photos with the sentences from the passage.

Photo 1 (a) Photo 2 (d) Photo 3 (g)

Photo 4 (b) Photo 5 (e) Photo 6 (f) Photo 7 (c)

Photo 1: 1960s

Photo 4: mid-1960s and early 1970s

Photo 3: 1970s, the period of punk

Photo 2: mid-1980s

Photo 5: late 1980s

Photo 7: 1990s

Photo 6: 2001

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 able to be seen (visible)

2 to think or guess that something is smaller, less important etc than it really is (underestimate)

3 very brave and determined (courageous)

4 an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation (crisis)

5 the most common or greatest in number or amount (predominant)

6 new and different in a way that might offend or upset some people (daring)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never (2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people‘s

lives, and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost everywhere, top designers launched a (5) daring new collection combining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, ―You can call it a (6) courageous decision if you like, but it‘s also a question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.‖

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.

1 If we don‘t act soon, the situation will get worse. (deteriorate)

2 I‘m afraid my trousers got torn when I tried to climb over that fence. (ripped)

3 You need thick pieces of material on your knees and elbows if you go rollerblading. (pads)

4 Access to the show is limited to journalists with press passes. (restricted)

5 The Dow Jones list of stocks and shares fell another 40 points yesterday. (index)

6 That was the most worrying piece of news I‘d heard in a l ong time. (unsettling)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 Is a ubiquitous item of clothing something you can find (a) everywhere, or (b) only in restricted circles?

2 Does bust refers to (a) economic growth, or (b) financial failure?

3 If a fashion item is sold exclusively in boutiques, can you find it (a) in department stores too, or (b) in no other shops apart from boutiques?

4 Is a backlash a (a) strong, or (b) weak reaction to something?

5 Does a glamorous person looks (a) attractive, or (b) unattractive?

6 If you are lavish with your money, do you (a) spend money with care, or (b) spend money very generously?

7 If you bleach a pair of jeans, do you (a) add, or (b) remove its colour?

8 Is a woman who is prim and proper is more likely to wear (a) a micro miniskirt, or (b) a knee-length skirt?

9 If a model is skinny, is she (a) very thin, or (b) overweight?

Reading and interpreting

8 Look at the passage and find the formal equivalents of the following sentences. Identify the formal features in the original versions.

1 Historians writing about fashion between 1960 and 2010 always refer to two constant factors.

No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors.

2 ... young people bought them and wore them enthusiastically as they recognized them as a symbol of the young, informal American way of life.

... they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by young people and recognized as a symbol of the young, informal American way of life.

3 Many people have noticed the close correlation between the length of women‘s skirts and the economy.

It has often been noted that there is a precise correlation, with only a few exceptions, between the length of women‘s skirts and the economy.

4 Hemlines rise and fall with the stock market.

As the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they.

5 Nobody really knows why women want to show more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust.

Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery.

6 The development of tights, instead of stockings, contributed to the international success of the miniskirt.

But it would not have achieved such international currency without the development of tights, instead of stockings, because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops would be visible.

Active reading (2)

Eco-jewellery: sea glass

Background information

This is an article from Times Online of 27th September, 2008, by Anna Shepard, a journalist who writes a column called ―Eco-worrier‖. She speaks on the radio and TV about green issues and has published a book, How Green Are My Wellies: Small Steps and Giant Leaps to Green Living with Style. She likes the idea of recycling glass from the sea to make jewellery.

Culture points

Liberty has been a well-known department store in central London since 1875, selling fashions, cosmetics, luxury brand accessories and gifts.

Cape Town is the city with the second largest population in South Africa. It has a famous harbour and notable landmarks like the Table Mountain ad Cape Point.

Seaham Beach is near Sunderland and Durham, in the north of England. It has a centuries-old tradition of glass-making, notably in the 19th-century Victorian era when workers dumped left-over glass into the sea. Multi-coloured sea glass can be found there.

Language points

1 ... sidling up and down in the surf ... (para 1)

To sidle means to move slowly in a particular direction, usually because you are nervous or do not want to be noticed. Cowen moves slowly on the beach, looking for sea glass, going up and down in the waves of the sea as they move and fall onto the beach.

2 ... I’ve burnt my shoulders ... (para 1)

She has been walking on the beach for hours in the sun, so her shoulders are red and sore from too much sun (sunburnt).

3 There is no hard and fast rule ... (para 3)

There is no fixed rule. The process can change.

4 ... but she works mostly to commission ... (para 5)

People ask her to produce specific work (pieces of sea glass jewelry), for which they will pay. She is commissioned to do this.

5 ... a huge glass cabinet that preside over her studio. (para 5)

To preside over something means to be in a position of power while important events or changes are taking place. Here, this is a metaphor to show the central position of the cabinet in the studio.

6 The creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that, it is an example of nature compensating for man’s folly. (para 8)

People were foolish – they behave in a stupid and careless way to throw glass rubbish into the sea. But nature has compensated for this by slowly making the glass into beautiful pieces.

7 Although no one considered the consequences of hurling glass into the sea … (para 10)

To hurl means to throw something using a lot of force; to chuck means to throw something, but not necessarily with force (to chuck something away or to chuck something out usually refers to through away unwanted objects or rubbish); to dump means to get rid of something or place it somewhere carelessly, not necessarily throwing it – but dumping rubbish can be the same as throwing it away, probably in the wrong place.

8 Today’s responsible attitude to its disposal, revolving around recycling where possible, is vastly superior, but it signals the end of the sea-glass era. (para 10)

Today, people have a more responsible attitude to waste disposal and glass is usually recycled – this is very much better than throwing glass into the sea. However, this responsible attitude sends a message that there will be no sea glass in the future.

9 Its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal … (para 12)

Its eco-credentials refers to the ecological background of the sea glass. That because sea glass was thrown away as rubbish, but it is now being recycled as jewellery it is qualified to have a good environmental reputation.

10 Gold’s murky reputation for damaging the environment in the extraction process and the diamond industry’s poor human rights record p lay into the hands of designers who have chosen to work with a material that puts a waste product to use. (para 12)

Getting gold from the earth and separating it from other metals often damages the environment. And it also involves dishonest activities, so gold extraction has a ―murky‘ reputation‖. The diamond industry also has a poor reputation because many workers are treated very badly. What people believe about these processes are exactly what designers of sea glass jewellery want to avoid, so that they gain an advantage in the jewellery market because they recycle materials.

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 What happens when Gina Cowen goes looking for glass on a beach?

(a) She gets bitten by crabs.

(b) She gets burnt.

(Yes, she says she burns her shoulders.)

(d) She finds time passes slowly.

(No, ―she loses her sense of time‖ means that time passes very quickly so she is not conscious of how it passes.)

2 Why is red glass special compared to other types of glass?

(a) It‘s smoother.

(No, sea glass of any colour can be smooth over the years.)

(b) It‘s probably older.

(Yes, Cowen says there is a strong chance that it could be centuries old.)

(d) It‘s harder to find.

3 What does Cowen do with most of the jewellery she makes?

(a) She sells it to private customers.

(Yes, the passage says ―she works mostly to commission‖.)

(b) She exhibits it in galleries.

(d) She sells it in a London shop.

(Well, some of her designs were sold in London Liberty, but she sells most of her designs privately.)

4 When did Cowen get interested in sea glass?

(a) When she wrote an article about it for a newspaper.

(b) When she saw a collection in a glass cabinet.

(Yes, she found some glass there and started a collection.)

(d) When she found out about the Victorian glass industry.

(No, she found out about this later in Britain.)

5 Where does the best sea glass come from?

(a) South Africa.

(b) Liberty in London.

(Cowen has good sea glass from these islands, but it seems that the best is from British beaches.) (d) Beaches in England.

(Yes, Seaham Beach in Britain is her ―favourite hunting ground‖ and her Victorian sea-glass collection from British beaches is ―most stunning‖, so the implication is that, for Cowen, British beaches are where the best sea glass comes from.)

6 Why will sea glass become rarer than diamonds?

(a) People will stop making glass.

(b) It will eventually be transformed into sand.

(Yes, this means that old glass is made into new glass instead of being dumped in the sea. As a result, sea glass will become rare.)

(d) People will be prepared to pay a lot of money for it.

7 What did a 15-year-old girl manage to do?

(a) She sold her collection of sea glass on eBay.

(b) She sold photographs of her collection of sea glass.

(No, she took photos in order to illustrate the collection to help to sell the sea glass –she didn‘t sell the photos.)

(Yes, the girl sold it on eBay and Cowen says she paid too much for it.)

(d) She collected a lot of sea glass on a school trip.

8 Why is sea glass more ecological than diamonds and gold?

(a) Getting it doesn‘t damage the environment.

(Yes, the passage refers to serious ecological problems with extracting gold and mining diamonds, whereas because sea glass is waste material collecting and using it is actually clearing up the beach environment.)

(b) It can be used for a variety of purposes.

(No, sea glass does not occur naturally. it is glass that has been dumped into the sea by people as rubbish.)

(d) It can be recycled more easily.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to become or to make something become active, successful, or popular again (revive)

2 very impressive or beautiful (stunning)

3 to hang something from something else (suspend)

4 a formal agreement to get married (engagement)

5 the way that the level of the sea regularly rises and falls during the day (tide)

6 to be in charge of something or to be in a position of power (preside)

7 the process of getting rid of something (disposal)

8 very bright (luminous)

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.

1 To celebrate our engagement we had dinner in the best restaurant in Paris.

2 The lamp was suspended from an iron hook in the middle of the ceiling.

3 Someone needs to think about the disposal of all these waste products.

4 I‘ve been asked to preside at next week‘s meeting of the recycling committee.

5 The luminous object on the table turned out to be made of diamond.

6 I could spend hours here, just watching the seagulls flying past and the tides coming in and going out.

7 When she walked into the restaurant she was wearing an absolutely stunning diamond necklace.

8 The President is likely to propose a stimulus plan that he believes will help revive the US economy.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words.

1 I had a period of time as a volunteer before getting a job in the jewellery trade. (stint)

2 You shouldn‘t just thr ow that rubbish into the river! (chuck)

3 It‘s sheer stupid and careless behaviour to go on using up the earth‘s resources as we are doing. (negligence)

4 I looked carefully at the horizon, but couldn‘t see anyone coming towards me. (scoured)

5 I think the accident was due to the driver‘s lack of care. (folly)

6 The removal of minerals from the earth is usually an expensive and dangerous task. (extraction)

7 The red kite is one of the most rarely seen birds in the country. (elusive)

6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If someone sidles up to you, are they moving (a) quickly and determinedly, or (b) slowly and casually?

2 Is a hard and fast rule (a) fixed, or (b) open to interpretation?

3 If someone has good eco-credentials, do they (a) care for the environment, or (b) show no interest in it?

4 If something has a murky reputation, is it (a) possibly dishonest or morally wrong, or (b) precious and highly respected?

5 If you play into the hands of someone, do you (a) approve of it, or (b) give them an advantage?

6 If you condone someone‘s behaviour, do you (a) approve of it, or (b) disapprove of it?

7 If you pounce onto something, do you make a (a) quick movement to get hold of it, or (b) slow movement to get hold of it?

Reading and interpreting

7 Check () the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage.

To paint a portrait of a woman with unusual passion.

(The writer does have this purpose to show Cowen‘s strong interest.)

To describe the process of making jewellery from sea glass.

(This is one purpose although there are not many details about this.)

To make people think about the importance of recycling.

(Yes, this is a strong point in the passage.)

√ A mixture of all three.

(Yes, the writer seems to have all the above three purposes here.)

8 Find the quotations in the passage which illustrate the ideas:

1 why sea glass is special

―It has the ability to transform magically from something ordinary to luminous treasure after a stint in the sea.‖

2 why colour is important

―The colour gives you a hint of age.‖

3 how a thoughtless act can have a happy ending

―The creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that, it is an example of nature compensating for man‘s folly.‖

4 what will happen to sea glass

―Sea glass will eventually run our – one day, it will be rarer than diamonds.‖

5 the mysterious appeal of sea glass

―You can imagine what object it might have been, where it traveled and how old it is.‖

6 how almost anything can be made into jewellery

―People will find creative ways of working with whatever is available.‖

Language in use

word formation: -y

1 Write the adjectives which describe:

1 a jacket with a flower design (flowery)

2 a label that sticks onto something (sticky)

3 a suit which has rather a high price (pricy)

4 hair which shines (shiny)

5 someone who makes a lot of fuss (fussy)

6 a personality which makes you think of sun (sunny)

word formation: over –

2 Replace the underlined words with verbs beginning with over- . You may need to make other changes.

1 I think you have made too big an estimate for the cost of the wedding. (overestimated)

2 They charged me too much money for that ring! (overcharged)

3 I slept too much last night and missed the flight to London. (overslept)

4 The flowers in her garden had grown everywhere. (overgrown)

5 It‘s difficult to emphasize too greatly the importance of the fashion industry. (overemphasize)

6 I‘ve got indigestion. I‘ve eaten too much. (overeaten)

see

3 Rewrite the sentences using see .

1 In 1987 there was a major stock market crash.

1987 saw a major stock market crash.

2 The early 1980s was a period of steady economic growth.

The early 1980s saw a period of steady economic growth.

3 Long hair made a brief return in the 1990s.

The 1990s saw a brief return to long hair.

4 On the first day of the sales there were hundreds of people queuing in the streets.

The first day of the sales saw hundreds of people queuing in the streets.

5 There was great technological change during our grandparents‘ generation.

Our grandparents‘ generation saw a great technol ogical change.

turn out to be

4 Rewrite the sentences using turn out to be .

1 I thought the ring was made of gold, but in the end it proved to be silver.

I thought the ring was made of gold, but it turned out to be silver.

2 She looked like my cousin, but she was actually a complete stranger.

She looked like my cousin, but she turned out to be a complete stranger.

3 The house needed a lot of work doing on it, but it proved to be a good investment.

The house needed a lot of work doing on it, but it turned out to be a good investment.

4 I saw smoke rising from the building, but it was a false alarm.

I saw smoke rising from the building, but it turned out to be a false alarm.

5 I didn‘t want to move to England, but in the end it proved to be a wise decision.

I didn‘t want to move to England, but it turned out to be a wise decision.

collocations

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1hint A hint can be something you say to show your feelings without saying directly what they are, a small amount of something, or a piece of advice.

(a) If someone has a hint of a smile on their face, what do you see?

You see just a small sign of a smile but not a proper smile.

(b) What helpful hints would you give someone starting their own business?

I‘d sugg est that they need to have a clear focus on what the business is about and exactly how it will work, eg the person should identify a niche in the market that the new business can fill.

No, of course not! You just find a way to join in with a normal conversation and say something about what you would like.

2range This word can mean a number of things of the same general type, the distance or limits of something, or to move freely.

(a) What can you find in a shop which stocks a wide range of products?

You can find products of all kinds, a good variety of them.

(b) What would be the best thing to do if you were within range of someone with a gun?

Run quickly away out of range if there is time; if not, take shelter.

Well, the Himalayas are the highest, but the Tian Shan or Kunlun mountain ranges are longer.

(d) What have hens which lay free-range eggs been able to do?

They have been able to run and walk around freely, compared to hens which are kept in small cages

or containers.

3 reflect This word can mean to be a sign of a situation, or to think carefully about something.

(a) Whose image is reflected if you look in a mirror?

Your own image is reflected back to you when you look in a mirror.

(b) Do you believe that the state of the economy can be reflected in the height of hemlines?

I wouldn‘t have believed it before I read the passage, but I believe it now!

Yes, I do try to reflect on them because I know such reflection is a good way to improve my English.

4 rise This word can mean an increase in number, amount or value, or the achievement of success or power.

(a) Why was there a sharp rise in unemployment in the West in the 1930s?

The sharp rise in unemployment was due to the stock market crash and the financial crisis.

(b) What do you know about the rise and fall of the Roman Empire?

I know that over several hundred years the Roman Empire expanded, but after a time it then declined over a long period. There‘s a famous book called The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire. (c) Do you live in a high-rise block of flats?

I know that a lot of people in cities in China do live in large apartment blocks which have many floors, maybe 15 or 20 or more, but I live in a flat in a much smaller house of just three floors.

(d) What are the different factors which give rise to new fashions?

Fashion designers produce innovations and new styles. There are changes in the economic situation so that people may spend more or less on clothes; also new materials and colours become available,

and people get different ideas about what to wear when they travel to other places or watch films

and TV.

6 Translate the paragraph into Chinese.

Sometimes the hemline indicator, as it‘s called, can even precede and predict a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts, many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no longer reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. During the London and New York fashion shows in September 2008, hemlines continued to drop. But sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes fell dramatically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the world. Hemlines were no longer following the stock market – they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends.

有时候，所谓的裙摆指标甚至能事先早早就预告股市的变化。2007年9月，纽约时装展展示了2008年春季流行风格，潮流转向了长衣、长裙，许多裙摆降至小腿中线，甚至到了脚踝。有人觉得，这表明裙摆指标靠不住了，或者服装设计师不再左右着装的趋势了。在2008年9月的伦敦和纽约时装展中，裙摆继续下降。果然，2008年秋天金融危机袭击美欧，波及全球，股指急跌。此时，裙摆不再被动追随股市升跌，而是引领潮流，预示未来的经济趋势了。（?第一句原文复杂，但译成中文较简单。最后一句译文加词，加上―被动‖可起强调作用，让本句的意思更明确。）7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

一个人的穿着似乎能影响他的行为方式。譬如，在校内要穿校服是中小学生所必须严格遵守的

规矩之一。倘若在学生着装整齐划一和行为的统一规范之间不存在一种象征性关联的话，校服便不可能如此盛行。

然而，多年的学校生活让学生在内心里对随处可见的校服产生了抵触情绪，校服毕竟压制了个性的表达。为了弥补这种损失，学生常常会在周末穿流行的休闲装。直到上了大学，他们才会享受真正的着装自由，而服装上的无序与大学培养创造力、鼓励自由表达思想及展露才华密切相关。可惜这样的好景不会太长，经过一段相对短暂的自由之后，他们在毕业工作之后将再次经历着装规范的压力。(hard and fast; there is no doubt that; currency; correlation; backlash; ubiquitous; compensate for;anarchy; obtain; revive)

Unit 4

Active reading (1)

The Credit Card Trap

Culture points

A charity shop is a shop that sells clothes, books and other goods given by people in order to raise money for a charity (an organization that exists to help people in need).

Credit rating refers to information about someone that a bank or shop uses for deciding whether to lend them money or give them credit. With a higher credit rating, you can borrow more money or have a higher limit on a cash card etc.

Language points

1 My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dark blue, whereas hers was a very exclusive gold one. (Para 1)

My credit card was quite useless in an annoying way. It was dark blue and ordinary, it did not have any particular status. Hers was gold and it was limited to a particular group. So the writer felt inferior and wanted a gold credit card too.

2 Now, I had a job which was as steady as any job was in those days –that’s to say, not very, but you know, no complaints. (Para 3)

In those days a steady job (a job in which you would be employed steadily, for a long time) was often not very steady because in the bad economic situation many people would lose their jobs – no job was steady, including the writer‘s – but at least she had a job. So, she did not really have any complaints.

3 They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind with repayments. (Para 7)

The credit card companies or banks direct their advertising and sales promotions at people who are very likely to buy things on impulse (without planning), who are possibly bad credit risks (ie they may not be able to pay their debts), who spend more money than they have, and who will not make repayments on time.

4 Her bank! I trusted them! They know even better than I do how broke she is. (Para 12)

The writer was very surprised that her bank – which she had trusted as a good bank – was offering her daughter a credit card, because she knew that her daughter had no money at all and the bank knew this even better than she did.

5 … and it’s probable that she’ll have another go at university when she has paid off her debts. (Para 22)

Because of her debts, Kelly could n‘t get a student loan, so for financial reasons she dropped out of university and got a job in a supermarket. When she has paid off her debts, she may well go back to

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

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新编大学英语（第二版）第一册阅读文参考译文 Unit One 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。

新标准大学综合英语2 unit1 课文翻译

NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

大学英语课文翻译及习题答案

大学英语课文翻译及习题答案标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

Unit 1 1. A very curious boy, Tom, is interested not only in whats but also in whys and hows. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。 2. Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have. 据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。 3. You’d better keep the book where your 15-year-old son can’t get his hands on. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁的儿子找不到的地方。 4. The story was very funny and Bill kept laughing while reading it. 这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。 5. High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time at their studies than their lower-scoring classmates. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。 6. How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的 7. Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of one's abilities counts for much more. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。 8. She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。 Unit 2 1. Referring to the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.” 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。” 2. Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “even if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.” 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。” 3. We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。 4. The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一棵树和一个骑车的人。

第二版新视野大学英语读写教程4第四册课文翻译

课文翻译艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。

新标准大学英语综合教程4课文翻译

危险!书可能会改变你的人生 1 刘易斯?卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉进了兔子洞里，但她在那里发现了一个神奇的仙境。当我们打开一本书时，我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界。我们能从一个年长者的角度，或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活；我们可以周游世界，遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化；我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情，这些事情也许令人困惑，也许引人入胜；可能是不愉快的，也可能是令人痛苦的，但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出来。 2 英国诗人威廉?柯珀（1731—1800）说：“变化是生活的调味品，它让生活变得有滋有味。”虽然他没有说在什么地方以及怎样才能找到变化，但我们知道他说得对。我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里，我们知道人们的生活各不相同，过日子的方式也不尽相同，人们做不同的工作，有不同的信仰，持不同的观点，有不同的风俗习惯，操不同的语言。通常，我们不知道这些差异的大小，但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意，这种变化或差异与其说是机会，毋宁说是威胁。 3 读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异，并为我们提供成长的机会。在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动，这是阅读小说才享有的特权。我们甚至感觉到——哪怕只是在一瞬间——我们和其他文化读者的共同点或许要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点。我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境，投向天边，去领略一下异域风光。 4 如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话，我们就应该自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书店，或者，如果我们足够幸运的话，可以读一读家里书架上的书。我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象：约翰?斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》、约翰?欧文的《第四只手》、亚历山大?索尔仁尼琴的《癌病房》、欧内斯特?海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》、格雷厄姆?格林的《哈瓦那特派员》、奥黛丽?尼芬格的《时间旅行者的妻子》、保罗? 托迪的《到也门钓鲑鱼》。一旦开始阅读，我们就应该思考一下我们在书中读到的别样人生。 5 每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法。我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字、每一句话，但不管我们是痴迷其中，还是觉得被排斥在外，我们的情感被调动起来了。尽管在地理上有一定的距离，但其他民族、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远。在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不同信仰、属于不同种族的人。即便是住在同一条街上的邻居，我们也可能对其一无所知，而只能通过阅读结识。

综合英语三课文翻译

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降

到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆

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