历年专八翻译真题【英译汉】

历年专八翻译真题

1997年:English to Chinese

Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are

inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We c an choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body

denies the imperatives（必要的）of food shelter defence health and

education. But even in a prehistoric cave man-kind stretched out a hand

of not just to eat drink or fight but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture the desire to express and explore the world through

imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music art literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the

possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.

【参考答案】 English to Chinese

译文1：

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不

完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂

贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。然而，问题是我们为

什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。但

是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，

而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象

和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过音乐、

美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是衡量

人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的

寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播。

译文2：

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受，而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而，只要你不放弃对社会权利的选择，高档享受不可避免狄⑸为富人的特有的领域。

我们可以让歌剧和其他费用昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。

然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教

育的必要性。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃

喝，或者是单纯地为了搏杀，也可以是为了刻画。人们对文化的冲动，对表达的

渴望，以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过

音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人

类努力程度的标准，也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准，它们承载着丰

富的信息，并得以在彼此之间相互传播。

1998年: English to Chinese：

I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own

literature or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from

aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate

imitative deference. But then the English themselves are somewhat insular

in their literary appraisals. Moreover in fields where they are not

pre-eminent — e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How m any English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they r eally represent an “English tradition” after all.

To speak of American literature then is not to assert（断言、声称）that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking America and

Europe have kept step（同步）. At any given moment（在任何时候） the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture the same styles in

dress the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as

freely as men and merchandise though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit thoughts etc. I intend some sort of qualification（限制、限定、资格） to precede（领先、超前） the word for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one

of degree（唯一只是在程度上） sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence（分歧、差异） is a subtle （微妙的）affair liable（有可能的） to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses （重要的感觉）grew out of his own which in several ways（在有些方面）still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings（重叠） and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship(亲缘关系) yields to a sudden alienation（疏远关系） as when we hail（打招呼） a person across the street only to discover from his blank（没有表情的） response that we have mistaken a stranger

for a friend.

【参考译文二】谈到“美国”文学，并不是说它与欧洲文学完全不同。总体来说，美国和欧洲一直保持同步发展。旅游者在任何时候都能在两地看到（城市里矗立

的是）同一样式的建筑，（人们穿着的是）同一款式的服饰，摆放在书架上的是

同一风格的书籍。思想观念也象人和商品一样可以自由地跨越大西洋，只是有时在时间上要慢得多。谈到美国人的习惯和思想等概念时，我想在“美国式”的前

面再加上某个限制性的词语，因为在欧美之间（尤其是美英之间）的差异往往只

是程度上的差异而已，而且有的时候，差异的程度也很小，差异也几乎是微乎其

微的。英国人看美国，很可能会让他们感到迷惑不解。感到他们看到的这个国家

好象是从自己国家发展而来的，很多方面和他们自己的国家类似，然而却仍然是“外国”。两个国家有着莫名的相似，却又给人一种突然的陌生感。疏远感突然间取代了亲缘关系，就仿佛我们隔着马路打招呼一样，从对方那茫然的神情中发

现我们原来是认错了人。

【参考译文一】 English to Chinese：

因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。

一般来说，美国和欧洲一直在同步发展。无论何时，旅游者在两地都能看到同一

式的建筑，见到同一款式的服饰，读到摆在书架上的同一风格的书籍。在大洋两岸，人们的思想观念，就容易同人员与货物一样，可以自由交流，尽管有时会略

显迟缓。谈到美国人的习惯、美国人的思维等概念时，我想在“美国式的”这几

个词前面再加上某种修饰，因为欧美之间（尤其是英美之间）的差异往往只是程

度上的差异而已，而且在有的时候，是极低程度上的差异而已。差异的程度微乎

其微，很可能会使审视美国的英国人感到迷惑不解。重要的是，英国人所审视的

这个国家诞生于英国，并在不少方面仍与英国相差无几---然而，实实在在是个

异邦。两地有着莫名的共同之处，以及令人深感突兀的陌生感。原先的亲戚已形

同陌路，就仿佛隔着马路招呼，等看到对方一脸茫然时，我们才意识到认错人。

1999年：English to Chinese：

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name to propitiate the

ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals

involving the family. Such reasons may seem t hin in the modern secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

In addition one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category namely having children in order to

maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干） the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase

the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设 consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现） by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子） (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的） significance

of children to the very institution（结构） of the family itself. To many people husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子） to validate（使…有效） its family character（家族的特征、风格） to gather （增加、集合） the redemptive（赎回的用于补偿的）influence of offspring.

Children need the family but the family seems also to need children as

the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一） available at least in principle for （获得）security comfort assurance and direction in a

changing often hostile world. To most people such a home base in the

literal sense needs more than one person for sustenance（生计） and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）.

【参考答案】：English to Chinese：

另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了

维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴注丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是

为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。

当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能

生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。

后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代

中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供

安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，

但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。

2000年：ENGLISH TO CHINESE? ?

If people mean anything at all by the expression_r “untimely（不合时宜的，timely:适时的、及时的）death”　they must believe that some deaths run on（连续不分段流逝涉及）a better schedule than others. Death in

old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full

one. But with the passing（= passing away 死亡）of a young person one assumes（假定、设想） that the best years lay ahead and the measure（尺度、漆佰） of that life was still to be taken.?

History denies this of course. Among prominent（卓越的、突出的）summer （壮年蕦纶青春）deaths one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe（马丽莲梦露）and James Deans（詹姆士迪恩斯） whose lives seemed equally brief

and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats（约翰济慈）died at 26 and only half playfully（开玩笑地） judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short

is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity（强度、亮度=achievements: 成就）and virtue（德行、品德）.

【参考译文】

如果人们使用“死不逢时”的时候有所指的话，那肯定认为一些人的逝世是寿终

正寝，而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不

逢时”---人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满。但是对于一个英年早

逝的人，人们常常认为他的好日子还在后头，对他短暂的一生作出漆佰还为时尚早。

然而，历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物，人们常常回想起马丽莲?梦露和詹姆士?迪恩斯。二人生命虽短，却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人

约翰?济慈26岁便匆匆辞世的残酷现实，然而，当他们26岁时，只有自嘲虚度

年华碌碌无为的份了。那种认为生命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的，因为漆佰一个人的一生应当看他给世人留下的印象，他所取得的成就，以及他的个人品质。

2001年： ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the

neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of

starvation but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as

would keep him functioning for more important efforts.? Effort is the gist （要点，主旨） of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) life-engaging（有魅力的、迷人的） difficulties. Short of the impossible as Yeats put it the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how

high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something

like the same terms（相同的表达、看法）when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw （致命的缺陷）in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports（宣称、声称） to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games（体育比赛、游戏）. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary

（武断的） imposition（强破接受） of difficulty. When s omeone ruins the fun he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to

win at chess if you are free at your pleasure to change the wholly arbitrary rules but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty no fun.

【参考译文】

努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔岚诗人叶

芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于

我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。

即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。

没有困难，也就没有乐趣。

2002年：ENGLISH TO CHINESE

The word “winner”　and “loser”　have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a winner we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us

a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible trustworthy responsive and genien both as an individual and as a member of a society.

Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they

should be; rather they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance maintaining pretence(伪装) and manipulating

（操纵） others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving between being stupid and acting stupid between

being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

优胜者会有自己的生活理念，其生活不会局限于某种假想的理念；取而代之的是，他们坚持自我，并不会费力去装腔作势，刻意去维持虚伪，或者劳神去操纵他人。他们深知，真爱和虚情之差，愚蠢和糊涂之异，真才和伪学之别。优胜者无需掩

藏自我。

Winners are not afraid of to do their own thinking and to use their own

knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others evaluate what they say but

come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect

other people they are not totally defined demolished（毁坏、推翻） bound or awed（敬畏） by them.

优胜者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能辨别意念和事实，不会假装自己无所不晓，无所不能。他们善于倾听他人的见解，并权衡其利弊，但最终得出的是自己的结论。尽管他们会敬重他人，但不会受到局限和束缚，也不会被吓倒，

更不会因此而自溃。

Winners do not play “helpless”　nor do they play the blaming game. Instead they assume（假定、设想、采取） responsibility for their own lives.

优胜者不会面对困难而显得无助（敢于只面困难），也不会怨天尤人。相反，他

们会努力肩负起自己对待生活的责任。

【参考答案】 ENGLISH TO CHINESE

胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道；相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，

维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在真心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。

胜者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来，不会僭称自己无所不晓。他们会倾听他人的见解，并权衡利弊，从而最终得出自己的结论。

尽管会钦佩敬重他人，但他们从不为其所羁绊。

胜者绝不装出可怜巴巴的样子，以企图博得他人同情，他们也不怨天尤人。相反，他们会毅然肩负起对自己人生的责任。

ST1. 成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。

成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他

人打垮。

St2:

成功者们不以他们设想的理念来规约他们自己的生活，而是体现自我本色。他们不会耗费精力去虚伪得生活，在人前“表演”，甚至操纵他人。他们懂得他人与假装关爱他人的不同，懂得真正的愚昧与假装愚昧之间的区别，懂得知识渊博与实则浅薄之间的差别。成功者们无须带着面具生活。

成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他

人打垮。

2003年：ENGLISH TO CHINESE

In his classic novel “The Pioneers”　James Fenimore Cooper has his hero a land developer with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building.

He describes the broad streets rows of houses a bustling metropolis（大城市，大都市）. But his cousin looks around bewildered（困惑、迷惑）. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements（改造的地方）which you were to show me?”　she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere” he replies. For though they are not

yet built on earth he has built them in his mind and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.?

Cooper was illustrating（讲述、描述、阐述） a distinctly American trait

future-mindedness（minded:有思想的，着眼未来的）: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel

unencumbered 【没有阻碍的不受妨碍的；cumber（n.）障碍→encumber（v.）阻碍→encumbered有阻碍的→unencumbered没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said

“Life for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子) never being （现在是什么样子）.”

【参考答案】 ENGLISH TO CHINESE

詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开

发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘

攘的大都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看

见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方

又在哪?”。开发商没料到他的表妹竟看不到他所讲的一切，惊讶地回答说，“哪儿?到处都是啊!”虽然这一切还未在大地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对他来说，这一切都像已经建成竣工了那样真实具体。?

在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典卸谪点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”

2004年：ENGLISH TO CHINESE

For me t he most interesting thing about a solitary life and mine has been that for the last twenty years is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean as I do most days and know that I have an entire day ahead uninterrupted in which to write

a few pages take a walk with my dog read and listen to music I am flooded with happiness.

I’m lonely only when I am overtired when I have worked too long with out a break when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And

I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip when I

have seen a lot of people and talked a lot and am full to the brim(边缘) with experience that needs to be sorted out（挑选、选择）.

Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty and I wonder where my self（本性、本我）is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps by looking again at each one（指代 plant植物）as though it were a person.

It takes a while as I watch the surf（水浪）blowing up in fountains（喷泉） but the moment（指the lonely moment） comes when the worlds falls away and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious（潜意识）bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly

understood.

【参考答案】 CHINESE TO ENGLISH

只有我在非常疲劳的时候，在我不断工作了很长时间以后，在我倍感空虚，需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候，在讲了很多话后，而且有太多经历需要整理时，我也会感到寂寞。

于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又大又空，我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。

这时，我必须给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，仿佛他们是有生命的精灵一般，这样我

才能慢慢找到我的那个自我。

很长一段时间，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失，

当我再次从我内心深处的无意识中冒出来时，带给我最近的种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领会时，我才会感到寂寞。

当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下的时候，我会觉得孤独。

有时，我出差做讲座，见很多人，说很多话，回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理，

这时我也会觉得孤独。

(St. Version 1)

那一刻，我会觉得房子异常空旷，也不知道自己身在何处。我只得去给花木浇水，或者把它们当成人来洞察，这样我才能慢慢地找回自我。

欣赏喷泉的时候，我发现：水花总需要一段时间才能形成，但是这一刻总会到来。届时，周围的一切都隐去了，自我从潜意识的深处复苏，将最近所经历的一切重新展示在我的面前，有待我去细细研究，慢慢领悟。

(St. Version 2)

只有当长时间不停工作而疲惫不堪或是感到空虚而需要充实的时候，我才会感到孤独。有时讲学归来，孤寂之感也会袭上心头，因为与众人交谈甚多需好好整理

自己的思路。

于是那一刹那，我觉得整个屋子空空荡荡，苦苦寻思自己到底躲匿在屋子的哪个

角落。当我给花木浇水，仔细端详它们，想象他们跟我一样也是人的时候，自我

感觉便一点一点恢复过来。

待到喷泉喷射而出，需小等片刻。此刻，现实的繁芜复杂悄然隐去，慢慢恢复自

我，细细咂味近日的所见所闻。

2005年： ENGLISH TO CHINESE

It is simple enough to say that since books have classes----fiction

biography poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is

right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books

can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred（模糊的，不明

确的）and divided minds（分心） asking of fiction that it shall be true

of poetry that it shall be false of biography that it shall be flattering

of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish(消除) all such preconceptions（偏见、成见） when we read that would be an admirable（绝妙的、极好的） beginning. Do not dictate（口述、发号施令）to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice

（同谋、合作者）. If you hang back（迟疑、犹豫不决） and reserve（保留、储备）and criticize at first you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as

widely as possible then signs and hints of almost imperceptible（觉察不到的）fineness（优良、出色） from the twist and turn of the first sentences （换行的句子） will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike

any other. Steep（沉浸、潜心、专心）yourself in this acquaint（使熟知）yourself with this and soon you will find that your author is giving you

or attempting to give you something far more definite.

【参考译文】 ENGLISH TO CHINESE

然而很少有人愿意接受书上的告诉我们的东西。我们通常是带着一种不明确的不

专一的目的去读书，我们要求小说是真实的，诗歌应该是虚构的，传记应该是奉承人的，历史则应该是能加深我们自己的偏见的。如果我们读书的时候能够屏弃

这些成见，那将会是一个绝妙的开端。不要试图对作者发号施令，而是要设身处地把作者的思路，把自己当作作者的合作伙伴。假如你开始就犹豫不决，不愿接受作者观点，甚至对作者观点评头论足，你就是给自己设置障碍，使自己不可能最大限度地利用书本。然而，如果你尽量敞开心扉，那么文章开头就能给你一些

暗示，由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于你面前。

2006年： ENGLISH TO CHINESE

I have nothing to offer but blood toil tears and sweat. We have before

us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We h ave before us many many months of struggle and suffering. You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one

word it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all

terrors---victory however long and hard the road may be for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized no survival for the British Empire no survival for all that British Empire has stood for no survival for the urge the impulse of the ages that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be sufferd.

英译汉历年真题翻译

英译汉历年真题全文翻译 1994年真题参考译文 新学派科学家们认为，在扩大科学知识范围的过程中，技术是一股被忽视了的力量(71)他们认为，科学之所以向前发展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，还不如说是因为像改进了的技术和工具之类更为普遍的东西。(72)一位新学派的领袖人物坚持说，简言之，所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用；这一系列工具的改进、发明和使用在无数个方面拓展了科学的领域。(73)多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性革新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和思想家们所忽视了。肯定技术的现代派认为，诸如伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯韦、爱因斯坦这样的著名科学大师以及像爱迪生这样的发明家都十分重视各种不同的、可用于科学实验的工艺信息和技术装置并从中获益匪浅，提倡肯定技术、否定天才的论点之核心是对伽利略在科学革命的初期所起作用的分析。当时人们对天体的认识源于公元二世纪时的天文学家托勒密。他认为，在复杂的天体系统中所有的天体都围绕着地球运动。(74)伽利略最伟大的成就在于，在l 609年他是第一个用新发明的望远镜来观察天空的人，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。但故事中真正的英雄，新学派科学家们认为，是改进制作眼镜的机器的漫长过程。 联邦政府的政策不可避免地卷入了这场“技术”对“天才”之争。(75)政府是应该以牺牲技术作为代价来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这常常取决于人们把哪一个看作驱动力量。

1995年真题参考译文 广泛用来帮助选拔、分类、委派或者提拔学生、雇员和军事人员的标准化教育或心理测试最近在图书、杂志、日报甚至国会中成了攻击的目标。(71)把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这些测试的时候，批评家没有注意到错误在于那些不甚了解或者是不能胜任的使用者。测试本身只是工具，其特点是在具体条件下可以得到相当精确的测定。测试结果究竟是有价值、无意义或者有误导作用在部分程度上取决于工具本身，但在很大程度上取决于使用者。 所有对未来表现有根据的预测都取决于对相关的过去表现的一些了解：学习成绩、研究能力、销售纪录或者任何合适的信息。(72)这些测试将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，还取决于解释这些信息的技能和才智。任何认真记分的人都知道，能获得的信息往往不全面，而且预测很容易出现错误。应该根据这种情况看待标准化测试。对于一个人的学识，他所掌握的技能或者他是哪种类型的人，标准化测试提供了快捷，而客观的获取信息的办法、和其他种类的信息一样，按这种方法获得的信息从质量上来讲也有其自身的长处和短处。(73)因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试，(采用)其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，取决于与相对效度有关的来自经验的证据，还取决于诸如费用和可获取性之类的因素。(74)一般来说，当所要测定的特征能够最为精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。如果使用得当，测试提供一种快速获取有关许多人的可比性信息的方法，有时还会鉴别出潜力大、过去却未被承认的学生，但测试无法做到的事情也很多。(75)例如，这些测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公平现

专八翻译笔记

专八翻译笔记 武汉新东方刘畅? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. – Joshua 1:9 第一章综述 一、何谓翻译？ ? T —— tell ? R —— reader ? A —— authentic ? N —— native ? S —— smooth ? L —— language ? A —— and ? T —— touch upon ? E —— essence ? 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。翻译是指两种语言的信息转换，即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。Steiner说：“翻译就是理解。”理解的对象就是原文的意义，理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项（忠实）的前提，“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。不论是什么翻译，意义为先，形式为次。因此，可以说，理解为先，表达为次。 ? 二、大纲要求 ? 1、教学大纲 ? 能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。英文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。 ? 2、考试大纲 ? 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时250~300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。 ? 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250~300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。 ? 三、试题特点 – 1、文体： ? 汉译英：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 ? 英译汉：散文、论说、评论、演讲 – 2、语域： ? 人文历史，无科技翻译 – 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识 ? 注意： ? 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体，未见不正式的讽刺性杂文，也未见不正式的小说对话。即使涉及文学，也是作家的作品或思想介绍。 ? 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的上下文。但考生务必只翻译划线部分。

历年六级真题翻译汇总

1、闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000 多公里。得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器( porcelain) 也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的。欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需要。 The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient China 's ilk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market. 2、中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。 After 3,000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, trees, and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such a well-designed garden, people may feel that they are walking in a landscape painting. 3、中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006 年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008 年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿” (Iongevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is simiIar to the custom of ceIebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of ceIebrating Mid-Autumn festivaI became popuIar throughout China in the earIy Tang dynasty. The Iunar August 15 is a day for peopIe worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzIing bright moon, famiIies reunite and enjoy the moon'sbeauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festivaI was Iisted as one of China's cuIturaI heritage, and in 2008, it was cIassified as a pubIic hoIiday. Moon

专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照

My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.

历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案

历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一

(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案

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英语四级翻译历年真题汇总

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历年考研英语翻译真题

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十年专八翻译真题附答案

2013汉译英 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine；people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it，the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood，which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste，the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life，which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed，the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind，leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine：the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows，just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years，it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity，just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉 联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英 痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的 数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛