外研版版高中英语必修四知识点归纳

外研版版高中英语必修四知识点归纳

Module 1 Life in the future

重点短语：

1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but)

除……外别无选择; 只要……

2. alternative energy 可代替能源

3. an alternative plan 替代方案

4. load …with sth. 给…装某物

load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤

5. be on fire 着火(强调状态)

6. catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)

7. set fire to sth 放火烧某物

8. command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

9. command that…(that从句中要用should+动词原形, should可省略)

10. free of charge 免费,不花钱

11. in charge of 负责，管理

12. in the charge of 由…负责

13. take charge of 负责管理,负责照顾

14. be charged with…充满

15. attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上

16. attach oneself to 参加;和…在一起,缠着

17. be attached to…连在…上; 附属于….; 系在……上

18. attach importance/value to sth.

认为某事很重要/有价值

19. for sure 肯定地,有把握地

20. sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事

21. be sure + that-clause 确信,相信……

22. make sure of /about sth 确保……

23. make sure + that-clause 确保

24. sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西

25. sth. run out 某物用完了(没有了)

26. rely on/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于

27. rely on it that…指望…..,对……不怀疑

28. get rid of =rid…of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭

29. with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:

①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)

②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)

③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态) ④with+宾语+副词

⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生) ⑥with+宾语+介词短语

30. place an order 订购

31. carry out an operation 做手术

32. be optimistic about….对……乐观的

33. be optimistic that…对…..乐观

34. in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上

35. in the shape of 以….形状;呈……形

36. out of shape 变形,走样

37. look out of 向……外看

38. look out! 小心，当心

Watch out! Be careful! Take care!

39. for a start 首先

40. to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一

41. from the start

= from the beginning 从开头, 从开始

42. on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时

43. on the way n./pron./to doing 即将,来到,接近

44. can’t…too或never…too “不可能太….”,

“再怎么….也不过分”

45. Not all…=All…not…并非所有的

重点知识点：

⒈倒装句

(1). all, both, every, everyone, everything 与not 连用时，表示部分否定。

(2). none, no( nobody, nothing) ,neither等词可表达全部否定。

①马路的两侧都没有植树。

There are no trees on both sides of the road.

⒉shape

be in bad/good shape 情况还处于混乱/有序状态,健康情况(不)佳; take shape成形,有显著发展;

in the shape of 以...的形状[形式]

out of shape变[走]样,不成样子身体不舒服, 生病;

⒊run

run across 偶然发现,偶然碰到; run into偶然遇见，偶然发现,与…相撞in the long run/term从长远看，从最终结果来看;

in the short run 在不远的将来

run out= give out耗尽，用光(vi.) / run out of = use up (vt.)

⒋rely

rely/depend on/upon (sb/sth to do sth) 依靠,信任,信赖

rely on it that……指望……

【拓展】depend on/upon依靠; 由...而定, 取决于;

That (all)depends. =It all depends. [口]要看情况而定

类似功能单词--- like/ hate/ appreciate/ see to (it) that确保;确定

⒌attach

attach sth to sth把…系/缚在…; attach importance to sth 重视

be attached to sb/sth依恋，留恋，爱慕某人/事物

⒌charge n. 费用, 主管v. 收费

(1).charge sb money for sth/ doing sth为……收某人钱

(sb.) take charge of 负责，管理……(v.) (sb. +be) in charge of(prep.) (sth. +be) in the charge of sb. 由…负责，管理free of charge 免费

(2).charge sb with sth 因某事控告某人==accuse sb. of sth.

⒍command

command/order sb to do sth

command/order (that) sb (should) do sth

(____v__? + that …(从句用should+v原形)

一坚持要求：insist; 二命令：order, command; 三建议：suggest(建议), propose, advise; 四请求：demand，desire, request, require)

⒍将来进行时由“will / shall + be + doing”构成，具体用法如下：

(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：

I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。

Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months. 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。

At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programs on TV.

今晚七时，我将正在收看电视新闻节目。

This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。

(2) 表示预料不久要发生或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。

We believe that peasants’life will be getting better and better. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。

If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious mistake.

如果我们不那样做，我们就会犯严重的错误。

(3) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如：

When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?

【注意】

在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：

Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。

If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him, please.

你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。

Module 2 Traffic jam

重点短语：

1. be on display 展览

be on show

be on exhibition

2. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

3. permit doing sth 允许做某事

4. provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物provide sth for sb

5. sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响sb be impressed by

6. impress sth on sb 使某人铭记

= impress sb with sth

7. sth is impressed on one’s mind

某事被印在脑海里

8. have/leave/make/ a …impression on sb

给某人留下…的印象

9. be convenient to sb 对某人方便

10. It is convenient for sb 对某人方便

11. It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便

12. be convenient for sth 对某事方便

13. get around=get about 到处旅游; 四处走动

14. be connected to/with 与…..相连, 接通

15. be stuck in 困住,动不了

16. get dressed 穿衣

get washed 洗脸

get lost 迷路

get married 结婚

get charged 充电

get separated 被分散

17. in no time 马上,一会儿

18. on time 按时

in time 及时

19. once upon a time 从前

20. at the same time 与此同时

at one time 曾经, 一度,从前有个时期

at no time 决不,在任何时候都不

21. be worth doing 值得做…..

be worth + n. = be worthy of + n

sth. is worth doing = sth is worthy of being done

= sth is worthy to be done

22. “祈使句+ and +简单句”可以改为if条件句

Think hard, and you’ll have an idea. 使劲想，你就会有主意。

23. “祈使句+ or +简单句”也可以改为if条件句

Listen to me, or you won’t understand. = ?

24. under construction 正在建设之中

25. be limited to 局限于…..

26. in rush hours 处于交通高峰期

27. react to…对…产生反应

react with sth. 与某物起(化学)反应

28. occur to sb (主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中, 被想起,被想到

29. It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到……

It occurs to sb that

30. have sth done 请别人做某事

31. keep cool 保持冷静

keep quiet 保持安静

keep still 不动

keep silent 保持沉默

32. no way 肯定不, 没门儿(用于句首时，句子要倒装)

重点知识点：

⒈permit

permit (n.) 许可证—permit (v.) 允许，许可—permission (n.) 允许，许可

permit/ allow sb. to do

doing

⒉under的相关短语

在考虑中under consideration 在讨论中under discussion 在治疗中under treatment

在修理中under repair 在研究中under study 遭受攻击under attack

⒊worth

be worth + ①n

②doing

be worthy+of ①sth

②of being done

③to be done

⒋time

all the time 一直，始终time and time again 反复多次

at times 有时，偶尔from time to time 不时，偶尔，间或

at no time 在任何时候都不at all times 随时，总是

at a time 每次，一次at one time 曾经，一度

take your time 不用急，慢慢来ahead of time 提前

kill time 消磨时间in no time 马上一会

⒌祈使句

⑴祈使句的句式特征

祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上please，以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：

Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!

Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

⑵祈使句的肯定句式

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：

①行为动词原形+其他成分。例如：

Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。

②Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：

Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

③Let, +宾语+动词原, 形+, 其他, 成分, 。例如：

Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。

⑶祈使句的否定句式

祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：

①在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如：

Don’t say that again!别再那样说了!

②在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意：在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。

③Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：

?Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let 前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。

?如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如：

Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.

无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。

④在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!

⑷祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种式：

①祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如：

Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗?

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗?

②祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗?

③Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：

Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗?

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗?

⑸祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes 是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：

--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

⑹祈使句与陈述句的并列使用

祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：

Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。

⑺祈使句与条件状语从句的连用

祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。

⑻祈使句的强调形式

祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如：

Do shut up!快住口!

⑼特殊形式的祈使句

在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。

Module 3 Boday language

重点短语：

1. vary in…在……方面不同

2. vary from…to…从…..到……变化

3. vary with 随着….而变化,因….而不同

4. involve sb in…允许某人参与

5. involve oneself in…积极参与……

6. be/get involved in…被卷入到….之中

7. more than 不仅仅

more than 100 = over 100 , 超过

100 more than surprised 十分/非常吃惊more …than…与其说…不如说…(强调前者) He was more an artist than a writer.

8. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗

9. on holiday 度假

on leave 休班

on duty 值班

10. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑

11. hold back 阻挡

hold on 等会儿, 坚持

hold down 限制

hold out 维持

12. give away 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠

13. give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等)

14. give out 发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽

15. mind reader 能看透别人心思的人

16. make a deal 达成协议,做成交易

17. communicate with sb 和某人交流

18. be busy with sth 忙于某事

19. shake hands with sb 和某人握手

20. stare at sb/sth 注视着某人/某物

21. stare into the distance 凝视着远方

22. request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

23. request that sb (should) do…要求某人做某事

24. make a request for…要求…..

25. at the request of sb 应某人的请求

= at sb’s request

26. by request(of) 按要求

27. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙

28. ask sb a favour 请某人帮个忙

29. in favour of 赞成

30. do sb a favor = do a favor for sb 帮某人的忙

31. lift up 举起;太高;吊起

32. ①up and down 上上下下

②up and down 前前后后

= back and forth = backwards and forwards

③up and down 处处

= here and there

④up and down 来来往往= to and from

33. by accident 偶然地,无意地

重点知识点：

⒈vary vi 变化various adj 各式各样的variety n 变化;

vary in---- 在----方面变化

vary from…to…. 在---与----之间变化

a variety of 各种各样的

⒉involve

involve doing 需要、涉及,牵扯

Involve sb in sth 把某人牵扯到…中

Be/get involved in 和---有关联;牵涉

⒊独立主格

palm outwards and five fingers spread .属于“独立主格结构”，不是完整的句子。这个结构中的名词或代词就是逻辑主语，与他后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词是逻辑上的主谓关系。

①The test finished ,we began our holiday .

②The meeting over , everyone went out of the meeting room .

③Tom came in , a toy in his hand .

Module 4 Great scientists

重点短语：

1. experiment with sth. 用某物实验

2. experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验

3. carry out an experiment

perform an experiment

conduct an experiment

do an experiment

make an experiment做实验

4. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)

5. convert A into/to B 把A转换成B

6. take the place of = replace 取代,代替

7. in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)

8. instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语)

9. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数

10. quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数

11. bring up 抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等)

12. bring down 降低

bring about 导致,引起

bring back 归还;恢复;回想

bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入

13. search for 寻找

14. search sb/sp 搜查某人或某地

15. in search of 寻求/寻找……

16. as a result of 由于…..的结果

as a result 因此,结果

17. owing to

thanks to

due to

because of 由于…

18. the key to………的关键

the answer to the question 问题的答案notes to the text 课文注释

an end to the meeting 会议的结束

the entrance to the building 大厦的入口

19. export sth to 出口某物到……

20. the second most important 第二重要的

21. be interested in…对……感兴趣

22. graduate from….. 从…..(地方)毕业

23. escape from (out of)+sp. 从某地逃脱;逃走escape from reality 逃避现实

24. have a narrow escape 九死一生

25. a fire escape 紧急出口;安全门

26. clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾

27. be known for 因…..而出名/闻名

be known an 以……而知名,著称

be known to 为……所知

28. earn one’s living 谋生

= make a living

get/gain a living 谋生比较：

live/lead a…life 过着…..的生活

29. come to power 掌权;执政

30. take power 取得政权

in power 当权,执政

out of one’s power 不能胜任,力所不及

= beyond one’s power

31. It is possible that…. 可能……

32. It’s certain that... 一定…….

=sb/sth is certain to do It’s certain that you’ll succeed. = ?

33. It’s likely that……可能…..

=sb/sth is likely to do

It’s likely that he is doing his homework. = ?

34. It seems that 好像……

=sb/sth seems to do

It seems that he knows the secret. =?

35. at war 在交战中

36. be diagnosed with 被诊断出…, 患有…

37. become the voice of 成为…的代言人

38. partly because of 一部分因为

重点知识点：

⒈a large quantity of 意思是“许多，大量”, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。名词后的谓语动词总是单数

large quantities of 意思是“许多，大量”, 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。名词后的谓语动词总是复数

⒉the key to sth. doing sth.…意为“……的关键”

①这就是考试失败的关键。

This is the key to his failure in the exam.= This is the key to failing in the exam.

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The key to her success is based on her efforts.

类似用法

the answer to……的答案the entrance to…..的入口

the solution to…. 的解决方法the approach to…..的解决方法

【拓展】

be (get) used to 习惯于，devote oneself to 致力

look forward to 期待做某事，be addicted to 对…上瘾

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Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder.

外研版高中英语单词表(必修四)

外研版高中英语单词表必修四砖 混凝土 泥 替换的；供选择的 罪；罪行 肯定地 预测 危险的；冒险的 （常作复数）资源 （某物）用完；不多了；没有了材料 依赖；依靠 依靠 太阳的 都市的；城市的 除掉；处理掉 装；装载 垃圾填埋地 逮捕；拘留 罪犯；犯人 开火；启动 （常作复数）范围 户外 联机地 目录命令；指令 订购 娱乐；消遣 保龄球游戏 垒球（运动） 费用；价钱 免费 供给动力 轻打；轻弹 开关vi. 交换；调换外科手术 远距离手术 门诊病人 诊所 失去能力；伤残 系；贴；连接 宇航基地 用完 小心；当心 乐观的；乐观主义的洗碟机 无疑地；确定地 最后；终于 首先 即将被淘汰；即将过时殖民地

预言；预料 造成……形状 （动物的）脚 门前擦鞋垫 SHB4 M2 电车 与……相连 电线 郊区的；市郊的 被困在…… 马上；一会儿 展示；陈列 出租汽车；计程车执照；许可证 收据 到处旅行；四处走动车费 带空调的 限制 目的地；终点 给人印象深刻的 路线 双层公共汽车 提供 正在建设之中 方便的 骑车；踩……的踏板 三轮脚踏车 单程票 往返票 探索 （常作复数）道路施工 关上（点灯、电视等）；断掉（电源）保持冷静 吹响（乐器、号角等） 喇叭；号角 反应 解答；答案 心情；心境 （俚语）肯定不；没门儿 拥塞；堆积 执照；登记 SHB4 M3 交流；沟通 （用语言、信号）传递信息；交流 无意的；不知不觉的 变化 （保持）警惕 正式的 攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的 传统地 武器

姿势；姿态 恐吓的；具有威胁的 协议；交易 达成协议；做成交易 包括 轻微地；稍微 （常作复数）穆斯林 （穆斯林的）额手礼（用右手抚额鞠躬的礼节） 前额 印度人 鞠躬 非正式的 年轻人 举起 手掌 张开 掌击 暴露（自己的情况） （自称或被认为）能看透别人心思的人 意识到的；自觉的 脚踝 眉毛 嘴唇 手腕 弯下腰 紧抱；拥抱凝视；盯着看 擦；抹；揩 举起 一上一下地 宗教 主人 偶然地 祝酒；干杯 一抿之量；小口喝 空白的 恐慌；惊慌 粗鲁的；无礼的向……问好 打开（灯、无线电等）邀请 请求；要求 （请贴等用语）请答复恩惠；善意的行为 现场的 表演 表演者 古典的；古代的 掌声 判断；意见 延长 平等