搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 上册笔记unit2

上册笔记unit2

上册笔记unit2
上册笔记unit2

Unit 2

Text A Text A Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes

Ⅰ.New Words:

Tax:charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government n. 税,租税, 重负v. 课以税,使...负重荷,斥责

The car is taxed until July.

这辆汽车七月前已上税。

She was fined for tax evasion.

她因逃税而被罚款。

He was taxed with neglecting the safety regulations.

他由于忽视安全操作规程而受到责备。

Tobacco and alcoholic drinks are taxed heavily in their country.

烟酒在他们的国家都被课以重税。

Generally:usually; as a rule ad.一般地,通常,大体上

Generally speaking, women live longer than men.

一般而言,女性寿命较男性长。

It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.

吸烟有害健康,这是大家公认的。

Generally, we go to the sea for our holidays.

我们通常到海边度假。

The plan has been generally accepted.

这个计划被普遍地接受了。

Federal: a.联邦的n. 同盟盟友

In the USA foreign policy is decided by the federal government and federal laws are made by Congress.

美国外交政策取决于联邦政府,联邦法律由国会制定。

During the Word War II, Japan and German were federal.

Type: n.类型,种类,品种 vt./vi.打字

Blue jay is a type of noisy European bird with brightly colored feathers.

樫鸟是一种爱叫的欧洲鸟,有鲜艳的羽毛。

I'm unfamiliar with this type of computer.

我不熟悉这种类型的计算机.

Could you type this letter for me?

你能为我打这封信吗?

There are two types of rocks in this area.

这个地区有两种类型的岩石。

Salaried: receiving a salary a.拿薪水的,领工资的

Jane's promotion has gone to her head. Now she's a member of the salaried staff; she insists on being called Miss Jane.

简的晋升使她冲昏了头脑,现在她已是领薪水的职员了,因此她一定要人们喊她简小姐。

Are you a wage-earner or salaried?

你是工人还是职员?

The company has 250 salaried staffs.

公司有250名拿工资的职员。

Salary: pay n.工资 vt.[常用被动语态]给…发薪

His money comes mainly from salary.

他的钱主要来自工资。

How does she get by on such a small salary?

她靠那么一点儿薪水怎么过活?

I want to speak to her in the matter of my salary.

我想跟她谈谈我的薪水问题。

The salary they pay me is not too high.

他们付给我的薪水不太高。

It's bad manners to ask other's salary if you do not know them well.

如果你们不是很熟的话,问别人薪水多少是很不礼貌的。

Earn:earn on some commercial or business transaction vt.挣得,赚得;获得,赢得

Well-known sportsmen can earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment.

著名运动员在广告中替厂家宣传运动服装和器械, 可获得巨额报酬.

How does she earn her living?

她靠什么谋生?

He has earned a lot of money in this month.

这个月他已经赚了好多钱了。

His skill in negotiating earned him a reputation as a shrewd tactician.

他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明战略家的名声。

Percentage: n.百分比,百分率

Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.

威士忌所含酒精的百分比很高.

Of all the fibers now used by man, a very large percentage is man-made.

现在人类所使用的所有纤维之中,有很大的百分比是人造的。

We have only a small percentage of foreign books.

我们只有一少部分外文书。

What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans?

地球上百分之多少被海水覆盖着?

Vary:make or become different in some particular way vi.变化,有不同,呈差异 vt.改变,使不同She varied her dress as fashion changes.

她的衣着随着潮流而变化。

The size of the apples varied。

那些苹果大小不同。

People vary very much in their ideas of many things.(注意介词in的用法)

人与人之间在诸多事情上的见解都各有不同。

Prices of fruit vary from season to season.

水果价格在不同季节会有所不同。

Graduated a.(税)累进的;分等级的;刻度的;毕业的

Several decades have elapsed since I graduated from the college.

我大学毕业已数十年了。

The college graduated 50 students from the science department last year.

这所学院去年有50名理科毕业生.

In a graduated tax scheme the more one earns, the more one pays.

按照累进税制, 收入多者多纳税.

He said he graduated from Oxford, while in effect, he never went to college.

他说他是牛津毕业的, 但实际上他从没上过大学。

Sale:the general activity of selling n.出售,卖;廉价出售

The local dress shop is having a sale.

附近的时装店正在大拍卖。

The latest model of this washer is now on sale in your shops.

这种最新型号的洗衣机目前正在你们的商店中出售。

The law forbids the sale of alcohol to people under 18.

法律禁止向18岁以下的人出售含有酒精的饮料

Charge:request for payment of a debt vt.索价;指控 n.价钱,费用;负荷

As long as you've paid in advance we won't charge you for delivery.

只要你预先付款,我们就不收你送货费。

Item:a whole individual unit; especially when included in a list or collection n.条,条款,项目Do you know if they like this new item?

你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种?

Let's pass on to the next item on the agenda.

咱们进行议事日程的下一个项目吧.

Are there any interesting news items in the paper this morning?

今天早晨报上有什么有趣的新闻吗?

Packet:n.小包,小盒 vt.打包,装行李;包装

Put the packet up on the top shelf.

把这个包放到架子顶格上去。

There is a list of ingredients on the side of the packet.

包装袋的边上印有所含配料表。

They're undercutting us by 20p a packet.

他们以每小包比我们的便宜20便士的价格跟我们抢生意.

I bought him a packet of sugar.

我给他买了一袋糖果。

Cigarette: n.香烟,纸烟

He asked me if I had a cigarette lighter with me.

他问我身上是否带着打火机。

Don't drop cigarette ash on the carpet.

别把烟灰落在地毯上。

He lit a cigarette in order to calm his mind.

他点燃一支香烟,镇定一下情绪。

A cigarette thrown into the woods in dry weather may start a fire.

在天气干燥时把点燃的香烟扔进树林可能会引起火灾。

Figure:n.数字;人物;外形vt.(out)演算出;想出

Mahatma Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.

甘地在印度历史上是政治和宗教要人。

They figured it was better to stay where they were.

他们断定还是呆在原地好。

Addition:the act of adding one thing to another n.加,加法;附加物

In addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.

除了一本照相簿外, 我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。

Addition and division are forms of computation.

加法和除法都是计算方法.

Ann will be a very useful addition to our team.

安来到我们队给我们增加了一员干将。

In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.

课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的机会。

Revenue:government income due to taxation n.(国家的)岁人,税收;收入,收益

Oil revenue have rise with the rise in the dollar.

石油收益因美元增值而增加。

The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting income tax.

税务局负责徵收所得税.

The government's revenue is made up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.

政府的收入主要来源是靠我们所交的税。

Diverse:many and different a.不同的,相异的;多种多样的

They are the people from diverse cultures.

他们是些有着不同文化背景的人。

The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and Beijing Opera.

节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。

Her interests are very diverse.

她的兴趣非常广泛。

Confuse:mistake one thing for another vt.使混乱,混淆

They asked so many questions that they confused me.

他们问了许许多多问题,把我弄糊涂了。

Please don't confuse Australia with Austria.

别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。

Property:something owned n.财产,资产,所有物;性质,特性

Property brings duties and responsibilities.

有了财产也就有了义务和责任。

A fence divides the two properties.

有一道栅栏隔着这两处房地产。

The city is developing rapidly and property in the center is becoming more expensive.

这个城市在飞速发展,市中心的房地产价格越来越贵。

Many plants have medicinal properties.

许多植物具有医药性能。

The police found some stolen property in the thief's house.

警察在小偷的家里发现了一些被盗的财物。

Excise:[ek'saiz] tax that is measured by the amount of business done (not on property or income from real estate n.国产税;本国消费税

Useless:having no beneficial use a.无用的;无价值的;无效的

It's useless to continue such a barren argument.

继续这种无聊的争辩是无用的。

I had expended much time on the work but they told me it's useless.

我花了很多时间在这件工作上,他们却告诉我说这是无用的。

It's useless to argue with them.

同他们争论是没有用的。

Impractical:not practical a.不切实际的,不能实行的反义词 practical

The plan is feasible in reason but impractical.

这个计划道理上行得通, 但不现实。

Program:a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need n.=programme计划;程序;节目 vt.为---编程

The program is under way.

计划正在进行中。

What functions can this program perform?

这一程序有哪些功能?

What's the program for tomorrow?

明天有什么节目?

There is an interesting program on television tonight.

今天晚上的电视有一个有趣的节目。

The video is programmed to switch on at ten o'clock.

电视机设定在10点钟自动打开。

View:outward appearance n.看法,见解,,风景观点;vt.看待,考虑,估量

The valley was hidden from view in the mist.

溪谷隐没在雾霭之中,看不见了。

His view of life is different from yours.

他的人生观与你的不同。

Issue: n.问题;(书刊的)期号 vt.发行,颁布,出版

The government is trying to keep a low profile on this issue.

政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。

Parliament will debate the nationalization issue next week.

议会将在下周辩论国有化议题。

I bought the new stamp the day of its issue.

这种新邮票是我在发行当天买到的。

Banknotes of this design were first issued 10 years ago.

这种图案的钞票是十年前首次发行的。

Tend:have a tendency vi.易于,往往会;倾向于 vt.照管,护理

He's a good salesman, but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.

他是个很好的推销员,可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感。

Does he tend to lose?

他常常输吗?

Weeds tend to displace other plants.

杂草越来越多,有取代其他植物之势。

be sure of:确信…;确定…

Can I be sure of a profit if I invest?

我要是投资, 肯定能获利吗?

Book early if you want to be sure of a seat.

要想十拿九稳有个座位, 那就早订座.

I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her.

我留下了张条子以便与她取得联系。

to have a corner on 垄断(某物)

California加利福尼亚(美国州名)

North Dakota 北达科他(美国州名)

Ⅱ.Intensive reading

1. Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes.(*)

译:美国人常说,一个人一生中只有两件事可以肯定会发生:死亡和纳税。

分析:主语:Americans;谓语:say;that引导一个宾语从句,还包含有一个省略了关联代词的定语从句,a person can be sure in life修饰two things.

当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。

e.g. 1>. The watch that/which/省略 I found in the library is his.(why?)

2>. The girl who/whom/that/省略 you met at the party is my sister.

请试着翻译句子:

1你一直在找的那个人来了。

2昨天我妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。

Answer:

1.The man who/whom/that/省略 you have been looking for has come.

2.The money that/which/省略 my mother gave me yesterday was stolen.

短语;be sure of:对…确信、确定

e.g. We can be sure of his honesty.

2. Americans don’t have a corner on the death ma rket, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.(*)

译:美国人并不垄断“死亡”市场,但很多人感到美国却以最重的赋税在世界上名列前茅。

短语:have a corner on something:垄断…; lead with因…领先

e.g. China leads the world with her silk products.

3. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.

译:由于高额的税款,每年4月15日人们很不开心,因为这一天是上缴联邦税款的日子。

分析:With the high cost of taxes,介词短语作原因状语,with = because of,由于…, when the federal taxes are due是非限定性定语从句,修饰on April 15。When 叫关系副词。

Where, when, why是定语从句中的三个关系副词,分别在定语从句中作地点状语、时间状语、原因状语。

a. This is the house where I was born.(where = in which)

b. I’ll never forget the day when I entered the college.(when = on which)

c. please tell me the reason why you are always late for my class.(why = for which)

另外,若定语从句和先行词之间用逗号分开称为非限定性定语从句。它对先行词只是进一步补充说明,删除后不会影响整个句子的基本语意,译成汉语时一般单独翻译。

4. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.(*)

译:有些洲有与联邦政府类似的个人所得税。

分析:代词that指an income tax, 英文中两个进行比较的事物必须是平等的,如在口语中我们可

说“北京的天气比广州干燥”,但译为英语不能写成:The weather in Beijing is drier than Guangzhou.(x)

城市不能和天气进行比较,要改为:The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Guangzhou.(√)

5. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in

that state.(*)

译:其他洲征收销售税,对你在该洲所买的任何商品征收一定比例的税。

分析:包含有两个定语从句,which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that

state是非限定定语从句,修饰a sales tax。其中还含有另一个限定定语从句which you buy in that state

修饰先行词any item. charged to表示“向…征收”charged 过去分词作定语修饰a percentage.

6. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues.(*)

译:有些洲除了征收销售税,还征收个人所得税来增加税收。

短语:in addition to 除…还有…(+)

e.g. We need fat and protein in addition to vitamin in our diet.

raise their revenue:增加税收。

7. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that

it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.

译:他们经常抗议政府对他们交纳的税金使用不当。他们认为政府在一些没用或不切实际的项目上

花钱太多。

短语:use sth in the wrong way,错误地使用…,

spend sth on sth在…花费,或spend sth in doing sth.

e.g. Mother says he spends too much time in watching TV every day.

8. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject:

taxes are too high.(*)

译:尽管美国人在许多问题上有不同的观点,但他们往往在这一点上达成共识:税收太高。

短语:have different views on sth对…有不同观点,tend to 通常, agree on sth同意某事,

同意某人:agree with sb; 同意做某事:agree to do sth.

III. Review:

A. Useful phrases:

1.be sure of(1段2行);

2.have a corner on sth(1段2行);

3.lead with(1段4行);

4.consist

of(2段1行); 5. depend on(3段3行); 6.that is(3段4行); 7.be similar to(4段3行); 8.in addition

to(4段10行); 9.public works(5段4行); 10.municipal buildings(5段5行); https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c6035394.html,plain about(6

段3行); https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c6035394.html,e sth in the wrong way(6段3-4行); 13.spend…on(6段4-5行); 14.tend on(6段6

行); 15.agree on(6段6行)

Ⅳ.Translating(P41)

1. Every citizen is obliged to pay taxes. (It is obligatory on every citizen to pay taxes)(It is every citizen's duty to

pay taxes.)

2. Americans often say that there are two things they can be sure of in life.

3. There are generally three levels of government in the United States; therefore, there are three types of taxes.

4. Some states charge income tax in addition to a sales tax.

5. Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses them in the wrong way.

Translating(P43)

1. China leads the world with silk products.

2. In addition to an income tax some states charge a sales tax.

3. The sales tax varies from price to price of any item you buy.

4. People often complain about the increasing price.

5. His mother says that he spends too much time on TV every day.

Text B. Advertising

I.New Words

1. advertise: v 做广告、登广告;advertisement: n 缩写ad; advertising company广告公司;advertiser: n 登广告的人

2. attract: v 吸引;attraction: n 吸引力;attractive: adj 吸引人的

3.design: v 设计; designer 设计师

4.persuade: v 劝说,常用习语:persuade sb to do sth/persuade sb into doing sth

5.leisure: n 空暇、悠闲,at leisure有空,清闲。

6. classified: a 分类的;classify v 分类

7. edition: n 版本,a paperback edition(平装版), a rare edition(珍藏版), a deluxe edition (精装版), a revised edition(修订版);edit: v; editor: n

8. entertainment: n 娱乐、款待

9. audience: n 观众、听众。

10. characteristic: a 典型的; n 特性、特征

11. commercial: adj 商业的; n 商业广告; commerce n 商业。

12. responsible: a 有责任的; responsibility n 责任

13. particular: a 特定的

14. estimate: n / v 估计、评价

15. management: n 管理、经营; manage: v 管理; manager: n 经理

16. approve: v 赞成、同意、批准; approval: n

17. involve: v 牵涉、卷入,be involved in sth; involvement: n

II. Some language points

1.Advertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it’s the part that attracts the most attention.

译:广告仅仅是整个销售活动的一部分,但就是这部分最能吸引人们的注意力。

注意本句的主语advertising是动名词作主语,表示登广告。再如:

Playing football is my favorite sport.

短语:attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力。

2. Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.(*)

译:色彩和画面配上声音和音乐,既好看又好听。

重点掌握短语:1>.add sth to sth加…到…,

e.g. I don’t like add milk to/into my coffee.

catch the ear, catch the eye: 吸引耳朵,吸引眼睛

2>.as well as:也 ,除了…还有… (+)

e.g. I like Chinese as well as English.

3. Television ads are short, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times.(*)

译:电视广告时间很短,但它们被反复播放,可以使观众看听许多遍。

短语:over and over again一遍又一遍; so that = in order that表目的;

audience:称作集体名词,当单形集体名词被看作一个整体时,具有单数概念;被看作若干个个体时,具有复数概念。像这样的名词有:family, government, class, staff etc.

a.His family is a big one in our city.

b.His family are very friendly to us.

c.The audience is quiet when the concert is on.

d.The audience like Harry Portter very much.

III.Useful phrases:

1.attract one’s attention(1段2行);

2.natural enough(1段2行);

3.for the most part(1段6行);

4.persuade sb to do sth(1段7行);

5.a large amount of sth(3段1行);

6.be characteristic of sth(3段7行);

7.catch the eye(3段8行);

8.no more than(3段9行);

9.idebtity with sth(3段10行); 10.add to(4段2行); 11.catch the ear(4段3行); 12.over and over again(4段4行);

13.so that(4段5行); 14.put up with(4段7行); https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c6035394.html,lions of(4段8行); 16.be responsible for sth/sb(5段1行);17.decide on sth(5段2行); 18.make an estimate of sth(5段4行); 19.be involved in sth(5段6行);20.as well as(4段3行); 21.carry over(4段1行)

Translating(P59)

1. The two languages are different/not similar in many ways.

2. The deaf and dumb can neither speak nor hear.

3. The Englishman speaks a very good Italian.

4. Could you pass me a cup of coffee?

5. At this time he felt thirsty and hungry.

6. Yesterday evening she asked me to wait for her at the gate of the restaurant.

7. When did you get up this morning?

8. The story sounds interesting, but it is not true.

9. The meat and macaroni cost me 25 yuan.

10. She often teaches the children to sing English songs.

(整理)SQLServer数据库基本知识点.

SQL Server 数据库基本知识点一、数据类型

二、常用语句 (用到的数据库Northwind) 查询语句 简单的Transact-SQL查询只包括选择列表、FROM子句和WHERE子句。它们分别说明所查询列、查询的 表或视图、以及搜索条件等。例如,下面的语句查询Customers 表中公司名称为“Alfreds Futterkiste”的ContactName字段和Address字段。 SELECT ContactName, Address FROM Customers WHERE CompanyName='Alfreds Futterkiste' (一) 选择列表 选择列表(select_list)指出所查询列,它可以是一组列名列表、星号、表达式、变量(包括局部变量和全局变量)等构成。 1、选择所有列 例如,下面语句显示Customers表中所有列的数据: SELECT * FROM Customers 2、选择部分列并指定它们的显示次序查询结果集合中数据的排列顺序与选择列表中所指定的列名排列顺序相同。 例如: SELECT ContactName, Address FROM Customers 3、更改列标题 在选择列表中,可重新指定列标题。定义格式为: 列标题 as 列名 列名列标题如果指定的列标题不是标准的标识符格式时,应使用引号定界符,例如,下列语句使用汉字显示列标题: SELECT ContactName as 联系人名称, Address as地址 FROM Customers 4、删除重复行

SELECT语句中使用ALL或DISTINCT选项来显示表中符合条件的所有行或删除其中重复的数据行,默认 为ALL。使用DISTINCT选项时,对于所有重复的数据行在SELECT返回的结果集合中只保留一行。 SELECT DISTINCT(Country) FROM Customers 5、限制返回的行数 使用TOP n [PERCENT]选项限制返回的数据行数,TOP n说明返回n行,而TOP n PERCENT 时,说明n是 表示一百分数,指定返回的行数等于总行数的百分之几。 例如: SELECT TOP 2 * FROM Customers SELECT TOP 20 PERCENT * FROM Customers (二)FROM子句 FROM子句指定SELECT语句查询及与查询相关的表或视图。在FROM子句中最多可指定256个表或视图,它们之间用逗号分隔。在FROM子句同时指定多个表或视图时,如果选择列表中存在同名列,这时应使用对象名限定这些列 所属的表或视图。例如在Orders和Customers表中同时存在CustomerID列,在查询两个表中的CustomerID时应 使用下面语句格式加以限定: select * from Orders,Customers where Orders.CustomerID =Customers.CustomerID 在FROM子句中可用以下两种格式为表或视图指定别名: 表名 as 别名 表名别名 select * from Orders as a,Customers as b where a.CustomerID =b.CustomerID SELECT不仅能从表或视图中检索数据,它还能够从其它查询语句所返回的结果集合中查询数据。 例如: select * from Customers where CustomerID in (select CustomerID from Orders where EmployeeID=4) 此例中,将SELECT返回的结果集合给予一别名CustomerID,然后再从中检索数据。 (三) 使用WHERE子句设置查询条件 WHERE子句设置查询条件,过滤掉不需要的数据行。例如下面语句查询年龄大于20的数据:select CustomerID from Orders where EmployeeID=4

高级英语pub talk and the king's english中英笔记

L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语) Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利) 1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.And it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 人类的一切活动中,闲谈是最具交际性的sociable(主题句),也是人类特有的。而动物之间的信息交流,无论其方式何等复杂intricate,也是称不上交际的。 1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。 And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being. Sociable [?so???bl] adj.随和的,好交际的,友善的friendly or agreeable,eapecially in an easy,informal way(用书) intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts,details,or relationships错综复杂的;难以理解的,难懂的 Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……;耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself. 例:Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men. deserve: 值得;应得 2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.

人教 高二英语必修五unit2Unit 2 The United Kingdom笔记整理

必修五英语笔记整理unit2 unit 2 a united class一个团结的班 the United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国the United Nations联合国 consist vi. 在于;由…组成;符合 consistent adj. 一致的;连续的;不矛盾的;坚持的 consistence n. 坚固性,浓度;一致性 consist of 由... 组成 be made up of 由... 组成 be composed of 由... 组成 consist in=lie in 在于 consist with=be consistent with与…一致 The club consists of 100 members.这个俱乐部由100名成员组成。 The club is made up of 100 members.这个俱乐部由100个成员组成。 The club is big,consisting of 100 members.这个俱乐部很大,由100名成员组成。divide vt.& vi. 分;划分;分离;(使)产生分歧 n. 分配;分水岭,分界线 separate vt.& vi. 分开;(使)分离;区分;隔开 vt. 分离(混合物);分居;分类;割开 vi. 分手;断裂;(夫妻)分居;断绝关系 adj. 单独的;不同的;分开的,分离的;不相关的 n. 分开的事物;[用复数](音响设备中的)独立件 division n. 部门;分开,分隔;[数]除法;[军]师 divide...into/between/among 把…分成… separate...from 分开 divide sth in half=divide sth into haves 把某物分成两半 The teacher divided our class into four groups. 老师把我们班分成四个小组。 He has decided to divide the books between Class One and Class Two. 他已决定把书分到一班和二班。 15 divided by 3 is 5. 15除以3等于5。 multiply vt.& vi. 乘;(使)相乘;(使)增加;(使)繁殖 adv. 多样地;复合地;多倍地;[电学]并联地,多路地 adj. 多层的;多样的;多股的 3 multiply by 5 is 15. 3乘5等于15。 As we joined the big crowed,I got separated from friends. 当我们进入人群时,我和朋友们走散了。 break away (from) 突然离开;突然挣脱;与…决裂;从…退出 The basketball player will break away from the club next week. 这位篮球运动员下星期将离开俱乐部。 Nowadays many farmers want to break away from farming and make a living in cities. 现在许多农民想脱离农业,在城市谋生。 credit n. 学分;信誉,信用;[金融]贷款;荣誉

(考研复试)数据库笔记

1:数据:描述事物的符号记录 2:数据库是长期存储在计算机内,有组织可共享的大量数据的集合。 3:数据库管理系统维语用户和操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件,具有,数据定义,数据组织管理,数据操纵,数据库事务管理和运行管理,数据库建立和维护。 4:数据库系统:计算机系统引入数据库后的系统,简称数据库。 5:数据管理技术3阶段:人工管理阶段:数据不保存,应用程序管理数据,数据不共享,数据不具有独立性。文件管理阶段:数据可以长期保存,文件系统管理数据,数据共享性差冗余大,数据独立性差。数据库系统阶段:数据结构化,数据共享性好,冗余低,易扩充,独立性高。 6:数据模型分为:第一类:概念模型。第二类是逻辑模型和物理模型,逻辑模型有(层次模型,网状模型,关系模型,面向对象模型,对象关系模型),物理模型:对数据最低层的抽象,描述数据库在系统内部的表示方式和存取方式。从现实世界到概念模型的转换是由数据库设计人员完成,从概念模型到逻辑模型转换由数据库设计人员和工具完成,逻辑模型到物理模型就由DBMS完成。 7:数据模型由:数据结构(描述数据库对象和对象之间的关系),数据操作(对数据库中各对象的操作的集合),完整

性约束(数据和其联系所具有的制约)三部分组成。 9:层次模型:简单清晰,查询效率高,良好的完整性支持,但是和现实世界不符,查询子女必须通过双亲。网状模型:更直接的表达现实世界,存取效率高,但是结构复杂。关系模型:简历在严格的数学模型上。概念单一,简单易懂,存取路径对用户透明,高独立性,保密性,但是查询效率不高。10:数据库三级模式结构:外模式,模式,内模式,外模式有多个,就是视图的意思,模式就是数据的逻辑结构,内模式就是物理结构。 11:三级结构有两层映像:外模式/模式映像:修改此映像保证外模式不变,保证逻辑路理性,模式/内模式映像,修改此映像保证模式不变,保证物理独立性。 12:数据库系统由数据库,数据库管理系统,应用系统和数据库管理员构成。 13:关系数据库:候选码:某一列的值能唯一标识一个元组。主码:候选码之一。候选码们的属性称为主属性, 14:实体完整性:主码不为空。参照完整性:关系的外码一定为其他关系的主码,或者外码全部为空。用户定义完整性:比如XX不能为空,XX只能取指定值。 15:SQL 结构化查询语言 16:查询:select。定义:create,drop,alter。操纵:insert,update,delete。控制:grant,revoke。

高级英语 Face to face with Hurricane Camille中英笔记

Face To Face With Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风 约瑟夫.布兰克 1John Koshak,Jr., knew Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday. Last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshaks lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer ground. But like thousands of others in the coastal communities, John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family—his wife, Janis and their seven children, aged 3 to 11—was clearly endangered. 小约翰。柯夏克已料到,卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天,当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时,收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样,不愿舍弃家园,要他下决心弃家外逃,除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击;拍打 pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows,esp.with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打 2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a longtime friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit. 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策,他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来,住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理希尔的意见。 course (n.): a way of behaving;mode 0f conduct行为;品行;做法 reason out: to find out an explanation or solution to a problem,by thinking of all the possibilities寻找解决途径 例:Let's reason this out instead of quarrelling.让我们不要争吵,商量出事情的解决方案 3 John, 37—whose business was right there in his home (he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products’ correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor)—was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. “We’re elevated23 feet,” he told his father, “and we’re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We’ll probably be as safe here as anyplace else.”

口译训练方法及材料

各位大家好 我就是jacky,那个帖子《我如何用一年考上欧盟口译司》一文的作者。 我一直都想把这种系统的方法能够通过一个很好的方式传递给其他人,让更多的人找到梦想,发现真谛。 所以,我和朋友们一起集中智慧,起草了下面的这个操作的原则和程序,算作是一次大型的免费口译培训,希望你能够看懂,如果有什么问 题,可以回帖,如果没有,就可以直接开始了,一共六个月的进程,如果你能严格执行下来,考上二级口译应该没问题 1 分为6个不同的阶段,也就是6个月,到什么阶段,达到什么程度 2 在论坛上法帖,监督自己学习,也接受别人的监督, 3 完成了一个阶段,给负责人发邮件,才可以收到下一阶段的学习指示,所以大家必须要学习后在论坛上发帖,证明你每天都在学习,我们的 方法,只能提供给真正热爱的朋友。 4 办一个经验口译员解答专栏。稍候我们会开通这个服务 7 有关学习的具体进程: 第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听2h 基本上听新闻同类话题可以大致理解 第二个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力一次准确理解大约50-60%,语言能力得到增长,语音有所转变 第三个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力一次准确理解大约70-80%,基本上达到语言的运用有了一定积 累,新闻听力一次准确理解大约80-90%,语言运用比较正规,能够用新闻和标准的语言来表述一些复杂论点,开始笔记练习 第五个月: (该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力进入快速阶段,越来越好。语言能力继续提升,笔记基本上能够纪录短时间的文章 第六个月:(该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你)新闻听力达到接

最新高中英语必修二知识点整理unit2知识讲解

Unit 2 The Olympic Games 第一课时 1. compete v. 比赛,竞争 compete in compete for compete with/against competitor n. 竞争者,选手 competition n. 比赛 competitive adj. 比赛的,有竞争能力的 We were surprised that he _______ the composition contest and won a prize. A. joined B. took part in C. attended D. went to 2. take part in 参加 join join in attend My grandpa was in Red Army, and _______ the Long March. They had a quiet wedding-----only a few friends_______ it. He stared at them without_____ the conversation. 3. interview 1). vt. 采访,访问 2). n. 采访;面试 go for an interview interviewer n. Interviewee n. 4. volunteer 1). n. 志愿者 2). adj. 志愿的 3). v. 自愿做... volunteer to do sth. 5. stand for 代表,主张,容忍 stand by stand out stand up for He was a person who would ___________ what he thought right, whatever the cost was. How can you ________ when she needs help? 6. basis n. 基础 on the basis of 以..为基础 basic adj. 基础的,根本的 base n. 基础区别? 7. admit v. 1). 接纳,允许进入He was admitted to school. 2). 承认admit doing sth. admit sb. to /into He admitted ______(cheat) in the examinations. That’s why he wasn’t admitted _______ universities or colleges. 8. allow v. 允许 allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth. 9. regular adj. 规则的,定期的 on a regular basis regularly adv. 定期地irregular adj. 不定期的

数据库原理王珊知识点整理

目录 1.1.1 四个基本概念 (1) 数据(Data) (1) 数据库(Database,简称DB) (1) 长期储存在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的大量数据的集合、 (1) 基本特征 (1) 数据库管理系统(DBMS) (1) 数据定义功能 (1) 数据组织、存储和管理 (1) 数据操纵功能 (2) 数据库的事务管理和运行管理 (2) 数据库的建立和维护功能(实用程序) (2) 其它功能 (2) 数据库系统(DBS) (2) 1.1.2 数据管理技术的产生和发展 (3) 数据管理 (3)

数据管理技术的发展过程 (3) 人工管理特点 (3) 文件系统特点 (4) 1.1.3 数据库系统的特点 (4) 数据结构化 (4) 整体结构化 (4) 数据库中实现的是数据的真正结构化 (4) 数据的共享性高,冗余度低,易扩充、数据独立性高 (5) 数据独立性高 (5) 物理独立性 (5) 逻辑独立性 (5) 数据独立性是由DBMS的二级映像功能来保证的 (5) 数据由DBMS统一管理和控制 (5) 1.2.1 两大类数据模型:概念模型、逻辑模型和物理模型 (6) 1.2.2 数据模型的组成要素:数据结构、数据操作、数据的完整性约束条件. 7 数据的完整性约束条件: (7)

关系数据模型的优缺点 (8) 1.3.1 数据库系统模式的概念 (8) 型(Type):对某一类数据的结构和属性的说明 (8) 值(Value):是型的一个具体赋值 (8) 模式(Schema) (8) 实例(Instance) (8) 1.3.2 数据库系统的三级模式结构 (9) 外模式[External Schema](也称子模式或用户模式), (9) 模式[Schema](也称逻辑模式) (9) 内模式[Internal Schema](也称存储模式) (9) 1.3.3 数据库的二级映像功能与数据独立性 (9) 外模式/模式映像:保证数据的逻辑独立性 (10) 模式/内模式映象:保证数据的物理独立性 (10) 1.4 数据库系统的组成 (10) 数据库管理员(DBA)职责: (10)

高级英语lesson2 marrakech课堂笔记

Marrakech George Orwell 1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later. 2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across (break ones way)the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried. 1.一具尸体抬过,成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上嗡嗡而起追逐过去,但几分钟过后又飞了回来。 2.一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性,没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场,从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行,边走边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。苍蝇之所以群起追逐是因为在这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木,只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上,有四个朋友抬着送葬。朋友们到了安葬场后,便在地上挖出一个一二英尺深的长方形坑,将尸首往坑里一倒。再扔一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。不立墓碑,不留姓名,什么识别标志都没有。坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野,恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。一两个月过后,就谁也说不准自己的亲人葬于何处了。 3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally (really;真实的)nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the same flesh (mankind人类)as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated(无差别的)brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? (三个疑问句)They rise out of the earth(出生贫寒,metaphor),they sweat and starve(alliteration;) for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way(threaded their way) through the prickly pear(刺梨), you notice that it is rather bumpy(not even)underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.//part1:the coprse scene 3.当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除开一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人是如何生活,又如何动辄死亡时,你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中。实际上,这是所有的殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。这里的人都有一张褐色的脸,而且,人数书如此之多!他们真的和你意义同属人类吗?难道他们也会有名有姓吗?也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们从泥土里长出来,受哭受累,忍饥挨饿过上几年,然后有被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。就是那些小坟丘本身也过不了很久便会变成平地。有时当你外出散步,穿过仙人掌丛时,你会感觉到地上有些绊脚的东西,只是在经过多次以后,摸清了其一般规律时,你才会知道你脚下踩的是死人的骷髅。

口译笔记的具体例子

林超伦实战口译笔记实例详解 时间:2008-10-06 16:02来源:实战口译网站作者:林超伦点击:5367次 在这里,我将举实例介绍我的笔记方法,以及我如何以笔记与大脑短期记忆互动的方式保证译文的精确度。 由于口译条件的限制,其精确度不能以笔译的尺度衡量,也没有必要这样做。口译的听众与笔译的读者,需求不同,预期也不同。 由于使用实例讲解,无法把口译要点分门别类地举例。我将顺着例子讲下去。讲完之后,各项要点也就都包括其中了。 人脑思维速度极快,一闪而过的念头,解说起来会显得繁杂。不过,我希望你能在开始时,多一点耐心。很快你就会发现,我的讲解读起来似乎繁杂,但背后的思路,也就是说一旦使用起来,要明快得多。 开始前,提醒一下,不要忘了笔记是必需和记忆互动的。二者缺一不可。以下的实例解说,均以此为基础。 讲话原文 Following the 1997 election, in which the Labour Party came to power, the macroeconomic policy framework has been reformed. 第一层次:一个箭头,加97,再加"选",足以帮助短期记忆,说出译文:"1997年大选之后"。 第二层次:一个"工"加圆圈,提醒"工"字后面还有话。另外,一条垂直线体现出第二层与第一层有关联。此后一个箭头,再加"权",足以帮助短期记忆,说出译文:"工党上台掌权"。

第三层次:一个"M"加圆圈,提醒"M"字后面还有话。从短期记忆中回顾出"宏观经济框架"。 接着,一条横线体现关联,线后一个"改"字,于是补齐译文:"对宏观经济框架进行了改革"。 最后划圈,带横杆,表示本段讲话到此结束。 备注:使用的4个汉字都经过"理顺"。其中2个是一笔成字。 The aim of this reform is to help provide a framework for improved macroeconomic stability and economic growth. 承上启下:一划从上段的"改"字左斜拉下来,接着往右一拐弯。足以从短期记忆中回顾出:"改革的目的"。 第一层次:写一个"框"字。从短期记忆中顺着上文,不难说出:"是为了提供一个框架"。 届此,听到"improved",随之划一条上行箭头,再补一个"M"加圈,提醒"M"字后面还有话。这样就不难说出:"以改善宏观经济稳定"。 若担心"M"不够,则可以加"稳"字,或一条水平横线代表之。 第二层次:此时,已听到"and economic growth",于是在"M"之下写"经"字,或"E"外带上弧线。这就不难说出:"促进经济增长"。 最后划个圈,顺手一横杆,表示本段讲话到此结束。 备注:采用了同传里的断句和变通技巧,在"框架"后断句,"improved"翻做"改善";加"经济增长"前加"促进"两字完句。

高级英语张汉熙笔记

Unit One The Middle Eastern Bazaar Lead-in Textual Structure of the Text Detailed Study of the Text Rhetorical Devices The Middle East Generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey. The Middle East is a loosely defined geographic region; the countries listed are generally considered part of the Middle East. These Middle East countries are part of the Asian continent, with the exception of Egypt, which is part of Africa, and the northwestern part of Turkey, which is part of the European landmass. Rich in oil, linking point of three continents. Nearby five seas: Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Caspian Sea (里海) Bazaar Bazaar: A market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle East. ---handicraft economy, contrast to the modern society Three famous bazaars in the Middle East: The Khan Khalili Bazaar in Cairo, Egypt 埃及开罗汗·哈利利集市 The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey 土耳其伊斯坦布尔大市集 The Damascus Bazaar in Syria 叙利亚大马士革集市 China’s most busiest markets: Xiushui Street and Da Zha Lan in Beijing 北京大栅栏和秀水街 References “The history of Middle East” (Mesopotamia Civilization, Civilization of Ancient Egypt, Middle East Wars) “The Bible—Old Testament” (the first half of the Christian Bible) “Talmud”塔尔穆德(犹太法典) (the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism) 犹太法典中的几句箴言 有四种人,一种人说:“我的是我的,你的是你的。”这是平凡人;一种人说:“我的是你的,你的是我的。”这是庸俗人;一种人说:“你的我的全是我的。”这是邪恶人;一种人说:“我的你的全是你的。”这是敬虔人。 上帝不以男人的头创造女人,因为女人不可支配男人;但也不以男人的脚创造女人,因为女人不可成为男人的奴隶;而以男人的肋骨创造女人,因为要她永远贴近他的心。 20岁不潇洒,30岁不成业,40岁不富有,50岁不幸福,那一辈子就完了。 Section I (Para 1) 3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.

新人教版五年级英语下册Unit2-知识点整理学习资料

Unit2知识点整理 △话题:讨论喜欢的季节以及在某季节里可以做的事情 △词汇:season,spring,summer,autumn(fall),winter,snow 季节春天夏天秋天冬天雪 favourite(最喜爱的),weather(天气),colour(颜色),leaf(树叶) go on a picnic,go swimming,pick apples,make a snowm a n 去野餐去游泳摘苹果复数:snowm e n △拓展词汇: plant trees, plant flowers, eat ice cream 种树种花吃冰激凌 play in the snow, summer vacation, winter vacation 在雪里玩耍暑假寒假 paint a picture,golden, green, white, pink 画画金黄色的绿色的白色的粉红色的 △句型: ①询问某人最喜欢的季节 Which season do you like best? (你最喜欢哪个季节?)——Winter(季节)/ I like+季节+best. ②询问喜欢某个季节的原因 Why do you like+季节? (你为什么喜欢…?) ——Because I like summer vacation / I often play in the snow/…

③同一个问句反问别人 How about you? = What about you?= And you?(你呢?) △知识点: 1.in+季节,不加the。(in spring) 2.can’t = can not 不会、不能 we’ll = we will 我们将要 Look at 看一看(固定搭配) lots of = a lot of 许多、很多同音词:too——to / two four——for snowm a n的复数:snowm e n (a变e) want+to+动词原形(想要做某事) 【I want to paint a picture. 我想要画一幅画。】 3.一般疑问句:用do/does,can,is/are开头来问,用Yes/No来答。 do问do答,is问is答,can问can答;肯定Yes,否定No。 4.表达喜欢某个季节的原因时,可利用多种方式如: ①可以喜欢某个季节的特有的东西,I like snow/summer vacation.等; ②可以喜欢在某个季节内能够做的事情,I can make a snowman/ eat ice cream.等; ③可以利用There be句型描述下某个季节, There are beautiful flowers in spring.等;

数据库知识点整理(全)

UNIT 1 四个基本概念 1.数据(Data):数据库中存储的基本对象 2.数据库的定义 :数据库(Database,简称DB)是长期储存在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的大量数据集合 3.数据库管理系统(简称DBMS):位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件(系统软件)。 用途:科学地组织和存储数据;高效地获取和维护数据 主要功能: 数据定义功能; 数据操纵功能; 数据库的运行管理; 数据库的建立和维护功能(实用程序) 4.数据库系统(Database System,简称DBS):指在计算机系统中引入数据库后的系统 数据库系统的构成 数据库 数据库管理系统(及其开发工具) 应用系统 数据库管理员(DBA)和用户 数据管理技术的发展过程 人工管理阶段 文件系统阶段 数据库系统阶段 数据库系统管理数据的特点如下 (1) 数据共享性高、冗余少;(2) 数据结构化;(3) 数据独立性高;(4) 由DBMS进行统一的数据控制功能 数据模型 用来抽象、表示和处理现实世界中的数据和信息的工具。通俗地讲数据模型就是现实世界数据的模拟。 数据模型三要素。

数据结构:是所研究的对象类型的集合,它是刻画一个数据模型性质最重要的方面;数据结构是对系统静态特性的描述 数据操作:对数据库中数据允许执行的操作及有关的操作规则;对数据库中数据的操作主要有查询和更改(包括插入、修改、删除);数据操作是对系统动态特性的描述 数据的约束条件:数据及其联系应该满足的条件限制 E-R图 实体:矩形框表示 属性:椭圆形(或圆角矩形)表示 联系:菱形表示 组织层数据模型 层次模型 网状模型 关系模型(用“二维表”来表示数据之间的联系) 基本概念: 关系(Relation) :一个关系对应通常说的一张表 元组(记录): 表中的一行 属性(字段):表中的一列,给每一个属性名称即属性名 分量:元组中的一个属性值,分量为最小单位,不可分 主码(Key):表中的某个属性组,它可以唯一确定一个元组。 域(Domain):属性的取值范围。

相关主题