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大学德语3课后习题——翻译题

大学德语3课后习题——翻译题
大学德语3课后习题——翻译题

第二课

A

übersetzen Sie den Text ins Chinesische!

Die beliebteste Sportart der Welt ist seit Jahrzehnten Fu?ball. Keine Sportart hat so viele Fans und

kein Sportverband so viele Mitglieder.Weltmeisterschaftsspiele locken tausende Zuschauer ins

Stadion. Warum sehen and spielen Millionen Menschen so gern Fu?ball? Erwachsene spielen Fu?ball,

weil es ein guter Ausgleich zur Arbeit and zum Stress ist. Kinder spielen Fu?ball, denn die Eltern

meinen: Sport ist gesund. Au?erdem f?rdert Fu?ball das soziale Verhalten der Kinder. Sie spielen

mit anderen Kindern zusammen und k?nnen neue Freunde finden. Zudem kann ein guter Fu?baller

sehr viel Geld verdienen.

几十年以来,世界上最受人喜爱的体育项目是足球。没有一项别的体育运动有如此众多的狂热爱

好者,也没有一个别的体育协会有如此众多的会员.世界杯比赛吸引着成千上万的观众来到体育馆.

为什么有那么多人如此喜欢看足球和踢足球呢?成年人踢足球是因为它是对工作和压力的很好调剂。

孩子们踢足球是因为他们的父母认为体育能强身。此外足球能促进孩子的社交活动,他们和别的孩子

们一起玩,可以找到新朋友。再者,一名优秀的足球运动员还能挣很多钱。

第三课

A

Verkaufsstrategie

Nur wenige Kunden wissen, was sie wollen.Viele sehen überhaupt nicht noraus,dass sie etwas wollen.Sie müssen angereizt werden,zum Beispiel durch ein attraktives Schaufenster. Sie sollten liebenswürdig empfangen werden,nicht nur durch einen netten Verk?ufer,sondern auch durch einen hellen,freundlichen Raum.Sie wollen beraten werden,und zwar durch Fachleute.

Wie kann man ein gutes Fenster gestalten?Farben sind wichtig,aber sie sollten vorsichtig gew?hlt

werden.Sie müssen zusammenpassen.Der Verkaufsgegenstand sollte im Mittelpunkt stehen,aber er kann durch andere Dinge erg?nzt werden.Die erg?nzenden Materialien dürfen nur den Hintergrund bilden, und sie müssen zum eigentlichen Verkaufsgegenstand passen.

销售策略

只有少数顾客知道自己想要什么.许多人对自己的需求事先一无所知。必须刺激他们,比

如通过诱人的橱窗。他们应得到亲切的接待,不光要有热情和蔼的售货员,还要有明亮宜人的

(购物〕空间。他们希望得到专业人员的咨询.

怎样布置好一个橱窗呢?颜色很重要.但要小心挑选,必须搭配相宜.销售商品应放在中心位置.可用其它东西点缀.但用于点缀的材料只能放在背景位置,并且必须与销售商品相配。

第五课

A

Die Lebensformen in Deutschland haben sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten sehr stark ver?ndert.Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts war das Zusammenleben in einer Gro?familie noch v?llig normal. Heutehingegen ist das Zusammenleben mehrerer Generationen unter einem Dach weitgehend,,out". Nach Sch?tzungen wird es im Jahr 2015 weit über ein Drittel (37%) Single-Haushalte geben.

Singles sind in der Regel überdurchschnittlich gut ausgebildet, sehr oft beruflich erfoigreich, verdienen ausgesprochen gut und wohnen in relativ gro?en Wohnungen.Obwohl sie alleine leben, sind sie nicht isoliert and haben einen gro?en Bekanntenkreis. Die Ursachen und Motive ihres Alleinlebens sind aber unterschiedlich. Sie streben wesentlich ?fter nach pers?nlicher Selbstverwirklichung und Kommunikation und deutlich weniger nach Ordnung, Pflichterfüllung and Sicherheit als der gleichaltrige Bev?lkerungsdurchschnitt.

在过去的几十年中,德国人的生活方式发生了很大的变化。20世纪初,人们在大家庭里一起生活

还是司空见惯的事,而如今几世同堂共同生活的现象早已过时。据估计,至2015年将有超过三分之

一的家庭(37%)为单身家庭。

一般而言,单身生活者受过平均水平以上的良好教育,而且,大多事业有成,收入颇丰,住宅也

相对宽敞。虽然过着单身生活,但他们并没有与世隔绝,熟人圈子还很大。其单身生活的起因和动机

则各不相同。他们比一般同龄人更多地致力于自身价值的实现和交际,而对秩序,责任和安全却明显

地较少关注。

第八课、

A

Typische Zeitsünden

1)Alles auf einmal tun wollen.Wer grunds?tzlich mehr erledigen will,als er tats?chlich schaffen

kann, kommt zu nichts.

2)Jede Ablenkung zulassen. Wer dankbar für jede Abwechslung ist, wird am Ende des Tages

keine Ergebnisse haben.

3) Endlose Diskussionen. Sie verhindern Motivation und führen zum Verlust der Effektivit?t.

4) überall Papier. Wenn jede Menge Lesestoff den Schreibtisch überschwemmt, ist die Selektion Unm?glich.

5)Unangemeldete Besucher.Sch?n und gut - aber nicht immer. Geschlossene Türen bringen Konzentration.

6)Unangenehmes aufschiehen.Unangenehmes erledigt sich nie von selbst. Je l?nger es liegen bleibt,desto mehr Zeit kostet es, es sp?ter zu bearbeiten.

7)Niemals nein sagen.Man kann nicht alle zufriedenstellen.Wer es versucht.bleibt selbst auf der Strecke.

8)Alles wissen wollen.Gute Chefs haben Mut zur Lücke.Sie lassen ihren Mitarbeitern Freiraum und wissen nicht jedes Detail.

时间安排方面的典型误区

1)想一下子把什么事情都办掉。谁想做超过其实际能力的事,会一事无成。

2)老是让别人分自己的心。由衷喜欢变换新花样的人一天下来什么成果都不会有。

3)无休止的讨论。这种讨论只会妨碍积极性,导致效率丧失。

4)到处乱堆文件。要是办公桌被大量的阅读材料淹没,便无从分清轻重缓急了。

5)不速之客.有客固然是好,但不能总是这样。把门关紧,思想才会集中。

6)麻烦事推迟不去做。麻烦事从不会自行解决。拖的时间越久,以后要花在这方面的时间就越多。

7)从来不说一个“不”字.不可能让人人都满意你。谁要这样做,谁自己就会止步不前。

8)想无所不知。好领导有百密一疏的勇气。他们给下属以活动余地,而不去了解细枝末节。第九课

A

Menschen drücken sich nicht nur durch Worte, sondern auch über ihren K?rper aus. Ein Blick kann manchmal mehr als tausend Worte sagen. Wer gelernt hat, auf die geheimen Signale zu achten, die der K?rper t?glich im Berufs- und Privatleben aussendet, dem wird es leicht fallen, seine Mitmenschen zu verstehen. Denn jede K?rperhaltung, jede kleine Handbewegung, jeder

Gesichtsausdruck, ja selbst

die Art, wie man sitzt, steht oder geht, kann dem aufmerksamen Beobachter viele wertvolle Informationen vermitteln.Die K?rpersprache ist zweifellos eines unserer wichtigen Kommunikationsmittel. Wer die Korperbotschaften anderer deuten and die eigenen bewusst einsetzen kann, wird sicherlich in seinen sozialen Kontakten sehr erfolgreich sein.

人们表达思想不仅通过言语,而且通过他们的身体。一个眼神有时胜过千言万语。在日常工作和

私人生活中,人体会发出神秘的信号,谁学会留意这些信号,便很容易去理解别人。因为每一个体态,

每一个细小的手势,每一个脸部表情,甚至坐姿、站姿或走路的步姿,都可以给予细心的观察者许多

有用的信息.体语无疑是我们重要的交际手段之一。谁能解释别人的身体信息并善于自觉利用自己身

体信息,谁在社交中一定会成功。

第十课

A

Die meisten Menschen denken zwar über die Umweltbelastung nach,handeln jedoch noch viel zu wenig. Sie machen einfach nur das,was sie müssen und was das Gesetz vorschreibt.Der Umweltschutz ist sicherlich eine Erziehungsfrage. Die mersten Eltern sollten ihren Kindern beibringen,dass sie nicht überall ihren Müll liegen lassen und ihn in die dafür vorgesehenen Mülleimer werfen.Das Umweltproblem ist auch nur dann l?sbar,wenn jeder noch mehr Eigeninitiative ergreift und nicht nur das macht,was von ihm verlangt wird.

Das gr??te Umweltthma in Deutschland ist zur Zeit der Streit um den Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie.Viele Bürger betrachten die Atomkraftwerke als ein unverantwortliches Sicherheitsrisiko.Die Kernenergie ist sicherlich eine umweltschonende Energieproduktion,aber das Problem,das diese Produktion mit sich bringt,ist der entstehende Atommüll.Denn die Strahlung,die von ihm ausgeht,ist sehr sch?dlich für alle Lebewesen.

大多数人虽然思索着环境负担问题,但实际行动实在太少。他们只做那些非做不可或者法律规定的事情。环保无疑是个教育问题。大部分家长应该教会他们的孩子不乱扔垃圾,要扔就要扔进专用垃圾筒里。只有当人人都进一步发挥其主观能动性不再被动行事时,环境问题才得以解决。

目前,德国最大的环境话题是关于是否终止核能生产的争论。许多公民把核电站看成是不负责任的安全危险。核能确实是一种环保能源,但核能生产带来的问题是随之产生的核垃圾。核垃圾放射线对一切生物都极为有害。

第十一课

A

Viele Sprichw?rter über Lachen sind ein Beweis für den Humor der Deutschen.übersetzen Sie. Lachen ist gesund.

Lachen ist die beste Medizin.

Wei zu letzt lacht,lacht am besten.

Der Verlorenste aller Tage ist der,an dem man nicht gelacht hat.

笑有益于健康。

笑是最妙的药。

谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

一生中最沮丧的日子是不笑的那天.

英语课后翻译答案新

U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前,这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议,我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静,但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。

《实用翻译教程》学习辅导书-第1~3章【圣才出品】

第1章总论 1.1 复习笔记 一、翻译的定义 翻译是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动,可分为口头和书面两种。 二、翻译的目的 翻译作为一门课程,其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上,结合不断的翻译实践,学习翻译中的各种技巧,提高翻译水平。 三、翻译的标准 1. 清代严复:信、达、雅 忠实于原著,译文流畅,文字典雅。 2. 傅雷:文学翻译的“传神”论 “以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。”译文同原文在内容上一致,这叫“意似”,是翻译的最低标准;译文同原文在形式和精神上同时一致,这叫“形似”和“神似”,是翻译的最高标准。“形似”和“神似”不可兼得之时,可摆脱原文形式,追求译文和原文的“神似”。 3. 钱钟书:翻译的“化境”之说 原文向译文的“投胎转世”,文字形式虽然换了,而原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都

化到了译文的境界里,丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹,让读者读译作就像在读原作一样。“化境”是比“传神”更高的翻译标准。 四、翻译的条件 1. 汉语功底要好。要学好汉语,一方面可借助于教材,掌握汉语语法,另一方面可读一些优秀的文学作品,学习地道的汉语表达方法。 2. 英语语言能力要强。一方面要掌握全面的英语语法知识,另一方面要有很大的词汇量。 3. 知识面要广。博览群书,增加自己的百科知识。对于政治、经济、文化、等方面的知识都要有一定的了解。

第2章语义翻译 2.1 复习笔记 一、理解中的选义 英语中的一词多义、汉语中的一字多义是常见的语言现象。越是常用的字和词语,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,所以这就需要我们依靠具体的上下文来判断某一个字或词语的意义。一字多义和一字多种搭配在汉语里也是相当常见的。在进行翻译时,我们更多地要借助于上下文,从下文入手来理解字和词语。 有的时候,上下文不一定是完整的长句或一大段话,上下文可以是一个短短的词组或是一个紧凑的固定搭配。也就是说,我们可以根据两三个字或词语来确定某一个字或词语的意义。 二、表达中的选词 在翻译过程中,有了正确的理解并不等于翻译已经完成。正确的理解是翻译中正确表达的基础;没有正确的理解,正确的表达也就无从谈起。反之,翻译没有正确的表达,正确的理解也是枉然,翻译也就不成其为翻译。如果说理解是在原文中选义的过程,那么表达就是在译文中选词的过程。选词就是在译文里寻找最恰当的表达方法。 1. 同义词或近义词的选择 一般来说,选词是在一组同义词或近义词之间进行。 一个词在译文里的同义词和近义词越多,越有可能把它翻译得比较精确,在选词时要注意原文与译文在文体、语域、比喻形象和感情色彩上的对应程度。

大学英语精读3翻译答案

Unit1 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解,所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长(governor)竟然是个贪官(corrupt official)。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升(be promoted),与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. Unit3 1) 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。 Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education / tuition. 2) 除阅读材料外,使用电影和多媒体(multimedia)会激发学生学习的兴趣。 Besides reading materials, the use of films and multimedia can stimulate students' interest in a subject. 5) 我已经把我的简历(résumé)寄往几家公司,但尚未收到回复。 I have sent off my résumé to several corporations, but haven't yet received a reply. 6) 她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。 Her conclusion is built / based on a careful analysis of current international affairs. 7) 我们满怀期望地来参加会议,离开时却大失所望。 We came to the meeting full of expectations, yet we left very disappointed. Unit5 1 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。 As far as ability is concerned, I am sure he will qualify for the job. 6) 在西方,人们常常邮购商品,这可以节省许多时间。 In the West, people often send away for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time. 7) 抱歉, 时间不多了,我建议我们跳到最后一章。 Sorry time is running out; I suggest we skip to the last chapter. 8) 既然你决心尽快完成硕士课程(master's program), 那就别让你的社交生活(social life)妨碍你的学习。 Since you have set your mind to finishing your master's program as soon as possible, don't let your social life stand in the way of your studies. Unit6 1) 装了(fitted with) 假肢(artificial leg),他起初走路走不稳,但经过锻炼他的步子(step) 稳了。 Fitted with the artificial leg, he walked unsteadily / shakily at first, but with practice his steps became steady. 2) 医生说我得了重感冒,给我开了四种药,三种是药片,饭后服,另一种是药水 (liquid),睡前服。 The doctor said I had caught a severe cold and she prescribed me four different medicines. Three of them are pills to be taken after meals and the other is liquid to be drunk before going to bed. 4) 汽车早已开走看不见了,珍妮 (Jenny) 还站在大门口凝视着路的尽头。 Jenny was still standing at the gate gazing at the end of the road long after the car was out of sight. 6) 一般来说,通过增加供给或减少需求可以降低物价。 In general, prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. Unit7 1) 像平常一样,他在开始洗漱(get washed)前,将收音机调至早晨七点的新闻广播。 As usual, he tuned his radio for the 7 a.m. news broadcast before he began to get washed. 2) 有许多文件要签,但紧急的只有这份合同。 There are a lot of papers to sign, but the only urgent one is this contract. 3) 在该市,因吸毒(drug abuse)和赌博(gambling)而引发的罪行在发展,当地政府似乎找不出对付这一问题的办法。 In that city crime born of drug abuse and gambling is on the rise, and the local government seems unable to figure out a way to cope with it. 5) 我敢肯定那座楼在空袭(air raid)中一定被完全炸毁了。 I bet the building must have been completely destroyed in the air raid. 2) 即使你是班上最好的学生之一,要保住成绩也得常常温习功课才行。 Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often. 4) 情况确实是如此,有些人一生中很早就获得成功,而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现自己的目标。 It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work a long time before attaining their goals. 5) 他坚持认为这次实验的失败主要由于准备不足(inadequate)。 He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequate preparation. 6) 如今研究人员提倡我们应该每天花些时间将自己想要达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds. Unit10 1.事实上,对于这次海难(shipwreck)报纸上的说法不一。 In fact, there are different accounts of the shipwreck in the newspapers. 2.据说这一地区早在两千年前农业就很先进。 It is said that the area was well advanced in agriculture as early as 2,000 years ago. 3.瞧他是如何操作这机器的,然后就照着做。 6.圣诞节和元旦相隔一周时间。 There is an interval of a week between Christmas and New Year's Day. unit7 the big chance良机 He wasn't the kind to pick a secretary by the color of her hair. Not Bill Hargrave. Both Paula and Nancy had been smart enough to know that. And for some time everyone in the office had known that one of them, Paula or Nancy, was going to get the job. In fact, the decision would probably be made this afternoon. Hargrave was leaving town and wanted to settle the matter before he left. 他不是那种根据头发的颜色来挑选秘书的人。比尔〃哈格雷夫不是那种人。波拉和南希都很聪明,明白这点。一段时间以来,办公室里人人都知道,她俩中的一个,不是波拉就是南希,将要得到这个职务。事实上,决定可能就在今天下午作出。哈格雷夫就要外出,要在动身前安排好这事。 The two girls could see him from their desks outside his office. Maybe it was only some correspondence that he was looking at with cool, keen eyes. But for a moment his finger seemed to pause above those two efficient little pushbuttons. If he pressed the left one, it would be Paula's pulse which would begin to beat faster. 两个姑娘可以从他办公室外面各自的办公桌那儿看到他。他那沉着、热切的目光正在注视着的可能只不过是则信函而已。可是有那么一会儿,他的手指似乎在那两个颇有效率的小按钮上踌躇着。要是他按左边那个,就会使波拉的脉搏加快跳动 Paula couldn't keep her eyes off that light on her desk. She kept making mistakes in her typing and nervously taking the sheets of paper out in order to start all over again. 波拉的目光一直盯着桌上的那个小灯。她打字时老是出错,老是情绪紧张地把纸拉出来,以便重新开始。 She leaned across her typewriter and said to Nancy, "They boss is all dressed up today. He must be going on a special trip." 她靠在打字机上对南希说:?头儿今天穿得上下笔挺。他准是要作一次不同寻常的旅行。?She was just talking to relieve her nervousness. Nancy took her time about answering. She wasn't used to having Paula talk to her in such an intimate tone. 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