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跨文化交际词汇复习(1)

跨文化交际词汇复习(1)
跨文化交际词汇复习(1)

denotation 指示意义本意原意connotation 含义

cognitive barriers认知障碍stereotyping 刻板印象paralanguage 副语?言

self-denigration 贬?己

直觉 intuition

约定俗成 conventionalized 维度dimension

个体/?人主义 individualism Theology 神学

儒家 Confucianism

道家 Taoism

legalist school 法家Hanfeitze韩?非?子

佛教 Buddhism

伊斯兰教 Islam

神道教 Shintoism

印度教 Hinduism

基督宗教 Christianity

天主教 Catholicism

东正教 Orthodox

新教 Protestant

耶稣基督 Jesus Christ

圣?母玛利利亚 Madonna original sin 原罪

Puritanism 清教

self-denigration 贬?己

linguistic relativism/determinism 语?言相对论/决定论dualistic view ?二元观点

holistic view ?一元观点

ethnocentrism ?民族中?心主义

思维?方式 thought pattern

等级 hierarchy

主流?文化 dominant culture

亚?文化 subculture

SWH (Sapir Whorf hypothesis)

hypothesis 假说

Un specialization ?非专?门化

Physical context 物质性语境

Explicit/implicit language 显性/隐形语?言homogeneous 同质的

continuum 连续体连续统

contextual clue 语境线索

association clue 联系线索

Cultural identities ?文化身份

collectivism 集体主义

Holistic view 整体观

dualistic view ?二元观

liberalism ?自由主义

Confucianism 儒家

Self-reliance ?自?力力更更?生

Privacy 隐私亲近

Future/doing orientation 以未来/ 做事为取向Interdependency 相互依赖

Filial piety 孝顺

Face ?面?子

Humility 谦卑?

civilization ?文明

perspective 视?角

Axial Age 轴?心期

孔?子 Confucius

?老老?子 Lao-tzu

佛陀 Buddha

荷?马 homer

赫拉克利利特 Heraclitus

苏格拉底 Socrates

?文艺复兴 renaissance

宗教改?革 reformation

启蒙运动 enlightenment

perception 观念

belief 信念

value 价值观

world view 世界观

Centralization 中央集权

Decentralization 地?方分权

‘element’ and ‘form’ 元素与形式

‘reality’ and ‘reason’ 现实与理理性

‘matter’ and ‘form’ 物质与形式

'matter’ and ‘mind’ 物质与思想

‘real object’ and ‘absolute spirit’ 真实客体与纯粹精神Thales 泰利利斯

Heraclitus 赫拉克利利特

Plato 柏拉图

Aristotle 亚?里里?士多德

Descartes 笛卡尔

Dualism/dualistic view ?二元论

reason versus intuition 理理性对直觉

objectivity versus subjectivity 客观对主观

monism ?风?水 (geomanticomen)

(?士,intellectual)

“rituals” (礼)

“Cultivating the self, harmonizing the family, putting the country in order, and bringing peace to the universe” 修身?齐家治国平天下

perception 认知

interpretation 解释

orientation 取向

Shame culture and guilt culture 耻感?文化罪感?文化,in-groups 圈内的

out-groups 圈外的

autonomy ?自治?自主

Collateral relationship 附属关系

lineal relationship 线性关系

Syntax 句句法

Paradox 悖论

Synthesis vs. analysis 综合和分析

Discourse 话语语篇

social context 社会语境

deductive演绎

inductive 归纳

Intuitional vs rational 直觉的 vs 理理性的

gestures ?手势

postures 身姿

facial expressions ?面部表情

eye contact 眼神交流

monochronic or polychronic time 单时多时

sign language ?手势语?言

action language 动作语?言

object language 客体语?言

Body motion and kinetic behavior 身势动作和体语?行行为physical characteristics 身体特征

touching behavior 体触?行行为

paralanguage 副语?言或辅助语

proxemics 近体距离或空间关系学

artifacts ?人造?用品

orientation (by blood) family ?血亲家庭

procreation (by marriage) family 姻亲家庭

Nuclear family 核?心家庭

extended family ?大家庭

DINK family 丁克家庭

live-in family 同居家庭

single-parent family 单亲家庭

blended family 混合家庭

cohabitation 同居

The Feminine Mystique ?女女性神秘

feminism ?女女权主义

Informality ?非正式

Naturalization 归化移?入

linguistic ?uency and cultural ?uency 语?言流利利和?文化流利利

Empathy,移情

culture shock ?文化震撼?文化冲击

anthropologist ?人类学家

self-re?ective ?自我反思

self-actualization ?自我实现

self-esteem ?自尊

de?ciency, 缺陷

institutional culture 制度性?文化

high/low-context communication ?高低语境交际reciprocal 互惠的

discipline 纪律律

dimension 维度

demarcation 界限

tertiary 第三阶段的

contradictory values ?矛盾的价值观

privilege 特权

obligation 义务

ambiguity 模糊含混

uncertainty 不不确定性

nurture 培育

courtesy 殷勤?

cultural competence ?文化能?力力

category 种类类型

equivalent 对等物

discourse 话语语篇

universal signal, 通?用标识

egalitarianism 平等主义

counterpart 对等对等物compartmentalise 分割划分

cultural traits ?文化特点

assumptions 假想

Self-denigration and other-elevation 贬?己尊parataxis and hypotaxis 形合和意合conventionalisation 约定俗成

Power distance 权?力力距离

Universalism 普遍主义

particularism 特殊主义

Activity orientation ?行行动取向

Speci?c / Diffuse dimension

Human nature ?人性

guilt/shame cultures 罪感/耻感?文化

Human and nature ?人类与?自然

Time orientation 时间取向

Masculinity/femininity 男性主义/?女女性主义

Long/short term orientation ?长期/短期取向

Poly-chronic time system and mono-chronic time system 单时制和多时制

linguistic determinism 语?言绝对论

paralanguage 副语?言

denotation 本意

self-denigration 贬?己

monotheism ?一神论

Axial Age 轴?心时代

stereotypes 刻板印象

uncertainty avoidance 不不确定性规避

euphemism 委婉语

linguistic relativity/relativism 语?言相关性/相对性

偏?见 prejudice

holism 整体论

dualism ?二元论

industry 勤?劳

tolerance of others 容忍

harmony with others 随和

observance of rites and social rituals 礼仪

loyalty to superiors 忠于上司

reciprocation of greetings, favors and gifts 礼尚往来kindness 仁爱

moderation, following the middle way 中庸之道solidarity with others 团结

sense of righteousness 正义感

self-cultivation 修养

ordering relationships by status and observing this order 尊卑?有序

benevolent authority 恩威并重

personal steadiness and stability 稳重

non-competitiveness 不不重竞争

resistance to corruption 廉洁

patriotism 爱国

sincerity 诚恳

keeping oneself disinterested and pure 清?高

thrift 俭

patience 耐?力力

persistence 耐?力力毅?力力

sense of cultural superiority ?文化优越感repayment of both the good or the evil that another person has caused you 报恩与报仇

adaptability 适应环境

prudence ?小?心谨慎

trust-worthiness 信?用

having a sense of shame 知耻

courtesy 有礼貌

contentedness with one's position in life 安分守?己being conservative 保守

protecting your face 要?面?子close, intimate friendship 知?己之交chastity in women 贞洁

having few desires 寡欲

respect for tradition 尊敬传统wealth 财富

新编跨文化交际期末复习资料

1.Iceberg:{Edward. 7. Hall.--标志着“跨文化交流”学科的开始} Culture can be viewed as an iceberg. Nine-tenths of an iceberg is out of sight (below the water line). Likewise, nine-tenths of culture is outside of conscious awareness. The part of the cultural iceberg that above the water is easy to be noticed. The out-of-awareness part is sometimes called “deep culture”. This part of the cultural iceberg is hidden below the water and is thus below the level of consciousness. People learn this part of culture through imitating models. / Above the water: what to eat, how to dress, how to keep healthy;Below the water: belief, values, worldview and lifeview, moral emotion, attitude personalty 2.Stereotype:定型主义 a stereotype is a fixed notion about persons in a certain category, with no distinctions made among individuals. In other words, it is an overgeneralized and oversimplified belief we use to categorize a group of people. 3.Ethnocentrism: 民族中心主义Ethnocentrism is the technical name for the view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it. It refers to our tendency to identify with our in-group and to evaluate out-groups and their members according to its standard. 4.Culture:Culture can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior. 5.Cultural values: Values inform a member of a culture about what is good and bad, right and wrong, true and false, positive and negative, and the like. Cultural values defines what is worth dying for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people, what are proper subjects for study and for ridicule, and what types of events lead individuals to group solidarity. 6.Worldview: A worldview is a culture’s orientation toward such things as God, nature, life, death, the universe, and other philosophical issues that are concerned with the meaning of life and with “being”. 7.Social Organizations: The manner in which a culture organizes itself is directly related to the institution within that culture. The families who raise you and the goverments with which you associate and hold allegiance to all help determine hoe you perceive the world and how you behave within that world. 8.Globalization: refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere, do business in a global market. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9e11913524.html,munication: Communication is any behavior that is perceived by others. So it can be verbal and nonverbal, informative or persuasive, frightening or amusing, clear or unclear, purposeful or accidental, communication is our link to the rest of the humanity. It pervades everything we do. 10.Elements of communication process:交流过程的基本原理 (1).context: The interrelated conditions of communication make up what is known as context.

跨文化交际试题 附答案

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案) Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

跨文化交际论文题目

1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读

9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美(西)家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪

6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较

跨文化交际 期末复习资料

Part 1 Comprehensive Check (15*2)每课的练习A Part 2 Multiple Choice (25*1)每课的练习E复习题的变体;另外请中看第五章 Part 3 E-C Translation(10*1)每课的练习C Part 4 Term-matching(10*1) Part 5 Multiple function(5*5)其中三道是简答题,两道是案例分析。 Terms/questions: 1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system –Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. –Human society has always traded goods across great distances. 3. Global village:real time events 、the time and space compression –All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 5. Diversity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural communication: refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Perception 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation 9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义):the belief that your own cultural background is superior. 11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge. 12. Components of Communication: Source交际邀请 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message编码信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object. Channel交际渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.

跨文化交际复习资料

1.monochronic time (M Time) :It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a linear structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future. 2.polychronic time (P Time) :schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emphasize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see appointments as ironclad commitments and often break them. 3.intercultural communication :is a face-to-face communication between people from different cultural backgrounds 4.host culture is the mainstream culture of anyone particular country. 5.minority culture is the cultural groups that are smaller in numerical terms in relation to the host culture. 6.subculture is a smaller, possibly nonconformist, subgroup within the host culture. 7.multiculturalism is the official recognition of a country’s cultural and ethnic diversity. 8.cross-cultural communication is a face-to-face communication between reprentatives of business,government and professional groups from different cultures. 9.high-context culture :a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. 10.low-context culture :a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. 11.perception: in its simplest sense,perception is ,as Marshall singer tells us,”the process by which an individual selects, evaluates,and organizes stimuli from the external world”In other words, perception is an internal process whereby we convert the physical energies of the world into meaningful internal experiences. Non-verbal communication It refers to communication through a whole variety of different types f signal come into play, including the way we more, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we wear, the direction of our gaze, to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other. . Individualism Individualism refers to the doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be paramount, and that all values, right, and duties originate in individuals. It emphasizes individual initiative, independence,individual expression, and even privacy. 13. Paralanguage The set of nonphonemic properties of speech, such as speaking tempo, vocal pitch, and intonational contours, that can be used to communicate attitudes or other shades of meaning. 12.人际交际interpersonal communication: a small number of individuals who are interacting exclusively with one another and who therefore have the ability to adapt their messages specifically for those others and to obtain immediate interpretaions from them.指少数人之间的交往他们既能根据对方调整自己的信息,又能立即从对方那里获得解释。 13.内文化交际intracultural communication is defined as communication between and among members of the same culture .指同一文化内某成员之间的交际,总的来说,同一种族,政治倾向宗教,或者具有同样兴趣的人们之间的交际。

跨文化交际练习

跨文化交际练习 班别:学号姓名 Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English. 1. On the way home, a student addresses his cousin Li Ming in English: a. “Hello, cousin!” b. “Hello, Li Ming!” 2. In the office of the English Department An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.” Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.” b. “This is me.” c. “Li Ming is speaking.” 3. In the students’ dormitory Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?” Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.” b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.” c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.” 4. At a friend’s home in England. A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend. Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.” Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?” b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.” c. “I’m glad you like it.” 5. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please? Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas. Man: a. It doesn’t matter. b. Oh. c. Thank you anyway. 6. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda. Joyce: “Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?” Brenda:a. You’re welcome. b. I don’t care. c. I don’t min d. d.No, not at all. 7. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says: a. This way, please. b. Come here! c. Follow me! d. Move on! 8. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith. He went to his place, entered the room and said: a. You’re not busy, I hope. b. Got a minute? c. Can I have a word with, Mr Smith. d. I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr.Smith. 9. You’re v isiting a new British friend. His house is very beautiful. Do you _______ a. tell him how beautiful it is ? b. ask how much it costs? c. ask if he’ll take you round every room? 10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2pm. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ________ a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day? b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late? c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late? 11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___ a. keep offering until he says yes? b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题

跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题:(1.0分) 在日本,喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧,在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答: B 参考答案: B 2. 单选题:(1.0分)

在日本,自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料? A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答: B 参考答案: B 3. 单选题:(1.0分) 在拉丁美洲,管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性

D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答: A 参考答案: A 4. 单选题:(1.0分) 在拉丁美洲,人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触,因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答: C 参考答案: C

5. 单选题:(1.0分) 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答: D 参考答案: D 6. 单选题:(1.0分) 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见

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