大学英语翻译全教程第7讲

第七讲翻译理论学习：五四时期的翻译

1. 概述

翻译理论的主要特点：一是译论家人数多，构成了不同的文学社团和文学流派；二是译学论争范围大，内容广。

2. 主要流派的形成、代表人物及其主要译论观点。

文学研究会：

主要负责人：郑振铎、茅盾和朱自清等，

创造社：

代表人物：是郭沫若、郁达夫、成仿吾等人

3. 郑振铎

郑振铎（1898—1958福建长乐人）

（1）关于翻译中直译、意译：

译书自以能存真为第一要义。然若字字比而译之，于中文为不可解，则亦不好。

而过于意译，随意解释原文，则略有误会，大错随之，更为不对。最好一面极力求不失原意，一面要译文流畅。

（2）关于诗歌翻译：诗的本质；诗的艺术的美

（3）关于文学的可译性问题：

（4）关于“欧化问题”：。

4. 茅盾

（1）关于翻译工作的目的与功能的论述；

“翻译文学作品和创作一般地重要。”“翻译的重要实不亚于创作。”

（2）关于翻译工作者本身条件和修养的论述；

《译文学书方法的讨论》

译者要求的三个基本条件：

一、翻译文学书的人一定要他就是研究文学的人。

二、翻译文学书的人一定要他就是了解新思想的人。

三、翻译文学书的人一定要他就是有些创作天才的人。

（3）关于翻译本身的艺术要求的论述：

介绍时一定不能只顾着这作品内所含的思想而把艺术的要素不顾，这是当然的。文学作品最重要的艺术色就是该作品的神韵。灰色的文学我们不能把它译

成红色；神秘而带颓废气的文学我们不能把它译成光明而矫健的文学。

5. 鲁迅

（1）关于翻译的目的与宗旨；

（2）关于“直译”与“硬译”；

（3）关于翻译的言语、句法问题；

（4）关于重译（转译）和复译问题；

（5）关于翻译批评问题。

翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（一）

一、全部否定

no，none，not，never, nobody，nothing，nowhere, neither…nor等。

（1）Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad.

现如今出国并不难。

（2）The boy was nowhere to be found．

到处都找不到那个男孩。

（3）No trickery can fool us.

任何伎俩都骗不了我们。

(4) None of these concerns me.

这些事情均与我无关。

二、部分否定

all，both，every，each，often，always和否定词连用时，就表示部分否定。“不都是”、“并非都”, “并不都”、“不全是”、“不总是”、“几乎不”等。

例如：

（1）All the novelist's detective cases, however, were not successful.

然而，那位小说家的侦探案例并不都是那么成功的。

（2）Both the instruments are not precision ones.

这两台仪器并非都是精密的。

（3）All that glitters is not gold.

发光的未必都是金子。

（4）This train does not stop at every station.

这班火车不是每站都停。

三、双重否定

汉译时通常可译成肯定句。如：

（1）Nothing is impossible to a willing heart．

有志者事竟成。

（2）There is not any advantage without disadvantage．

有一利必有一弊。

（3）It is none other than zinc.

这就是锌。

（4）At the close of the party, there were few guests who weren’t drunk.

晚会结束的时候，客人们几乎都喝醉了。

有时形式否定的句子也可译成汉语的双重否定来强调其肯定的意义。如：

（1）If there were no energy, there would be no force and work.

没有能量，就不会有力和功。

（2）He cannot but agree．

他不得不同意。

（3）There is no story without coincidence．

无巧不成书。

四、形式上否定，意义上肯定

1．“nothing”有时意为“零”、“正好”。如：

（1）Multiply 6 by nothing，and the result is nothing．

六乘以零等于零。

（2）He is five foot nothing．

他整整五英尺高。

2．“cannot be + too + 形容词”意为“怎么……也不过分”、“越……越好”。如：（1）You cannot be too careful.

你越仔细越好。

（2）This point cannot be overemphasized.

这一点应该特别强调。（或：这一点怎么强调也不过分。）

3．“no，none，nothing + but，like”意为“只有”、“只”、“不过”等。

（1）There is no man but error

s．人人难免有过失。

（2）Nothing but a miracle can save him．

只有奇迹才能挽救他。

（3）There is no mother but loves her children.

没有一个母亲不爱自己的孩子。

翻译技巧学习：否定的翻译（二）

五、表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇

1．有些动词如：avoid, baffle, decline, defy, disagree, escape, exclude, fail, hate, ignore, lack, miss, overlook, refuse, wonder,等----：“不”

（1）The engine failed to start.

发动机不着。

（2）I wonder if I can go with you.

我不知道能不能和你们一起走。

（3）The drain just refused to work．

排水管就是不排水。

（4）I hate to leave here at such a moment.

我真不愿意在此时离开这儿。

（5）He denied me any help while I was doing the work.

我当时做这项工作的时候，他没有给我任何帮助。

（6）They lacked the strength to walk any further.

（7）

（8）他们没有力气再往前走了。

一些动词短语，如：hold back from，keep away, keep from, keep off , lose sight of, prefer…to…, put a stop/an end to，refrain from, prevent from, prohibit from, save from, shut one’s eye’s to,stop from, turn a deaf ear to, wash one’s hands of等有时含有否定意义，汉译时可译成否定句。

（1）Keep your hands off the exhibits, please.

请勿摸展品。

（2）We should turn a deaf ear to rumors and slanders.

我们不应该听信流言蜚语。

（3）Many people on the beach wore dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.

海滩上的很多人都戴着墨镜，不让阳光晒着眼睛。

2．有些介词和介词短语如above，against，beneath, beyond，but, except, except for, in spite of, instead of, out of, past, , under, without等有时含有否定意义，要译成

汉语的否定句。

（1）It is beyond his power to sign the contract.

他没有权力签合同。

（2）Mr. Green is out of town this week.

格林先生这星期不在城里。

（3）His conduct is above suspicion.

他的行为没有可疑的地方。

（4）But for air and water, nothing could live.

若是没有空气和水，什么都不能生存。

3.一些形容词（短语）、副词（短语），如：away from，absent, blind to, dark，dead, ,

far from, few, free from, ignorant of, ill, independent from/of, , inferior to, in vain, last, little，short of，too…to…等，有时含有否定含义，也可译成汉语的否定词。

（1）He was ill treated in hospital.

他在医院里受到不公正待遇。

（2）He would be the last man to do this job.

他最不合适做这项工作。

（3）This question is far from difficult.

这个问题一点也不复杂。

（4）We are short of hands at present.

我们目前人手不够。

（5）We tried in vain to measure the voltage.

我们原想测量电压，但没有成功。

4. 有些连词和连词短语如：before, better than, more than, other than, rather than,

unless, would rather…than…等有时含有否定意义，汉译时可译为否定句。

（1）I would die before I surrender.

我宁死也决不投降。

（2）He is braver than wise．

他有勇无谋。

（3）He has more books than he can read.

他藏书很多，读不过来。

（4）You should know better than go swimming immediately after a big meal.

你应该知道吃饱了饭不宜马上去游泳。

“no more than”,“no less than”意为“只……”“一样……”等。如：

（1）We developed no more than three kinds of machines. 我们只研制了三种机器。

（2）She is no less active than she used to be．她跟从前一样活跃。

5．反诘问句以及not与why

（1）Don’t you think it foolish to act like this？

难道你不认为这样做很傻吗？

（2）Hasn't the train arrived？

火车难道还没到？

（3）Why not come in and have a drink?

六、否定转移

1．“no”与谓语动词的肯定式

（1）At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

中国在任何时候任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。

（2）A transformer provides no power of its own.变压器本身不产生电力。

2．注意“no”和“not”都含有否定的意思，但在句子里意思有很大不同：

（1）He is not a doctor.

他不是医生。

He is no doctor.

他根本不是医生。

（2）It is not a joke.

这不是笑话。

It is no joke.

这绝不是开玩笑的事。

3．think，suppose，believe等的否定式与that从句（1）I don't suppose they will arrive on time.

我想他们不会准时来。

（2）I don't think it is good to marry early.

我认为早婚没什么好处。

新视野大学英语翻译答案

汉译英 Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充足的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。（no matter how） No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech ，you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关系吉米一样，吉米也关系他们（just as） Just as all his sister ’ s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。（track down）Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。（tell on） If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。（on one’s own） Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。（reckon with） Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. Unit2 1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron . 3正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并立刻咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit3 1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2..教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one ’ s study after graduatin g from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。

新视野大学英语第三版第一册课后翻译答案.doc

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大学英语翻译答案

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(完整版)大学英语翻译答案-1

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