新编大学英语4 视听说答案

新编大学英语视听说教程4答案Unit 1

Part One

Exercise 2

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. A

Exercise 3

1. right before

2. spring break

3. ski trip

4. about an hour

5. catch up on

6. wait a minute

7. anytime you want 8. read the end 9. go to the cinema

10. care about

Part Two

Listening I

Exercise 1

1. A

2. C

3. A

4.C

5.C

6. B

Exercise 2

1. F

2. T

3.F

4. F

5. T

Listening II

Exercise 1

1. T

2. F

3.F

4. F

5. F 6 T

Exercise 2

1. B

2. C

3.C

4.A

5. D

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 2

1.escape into

2. horror films

3. follow the detective

4. around these days

5. ring up

Practice Two

Exercise 1

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

Exercise 2

1. A

2. C

3.B

4. D

Practice Three

Exercise 1

1. B

2. B

3.C

4.B

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. C

1. T

2. F

3.T

4. F

5. T 6 T 7. F 8. F

Practice Four

Exercise 1

1. D

2. A

3. D

4. C

5.C

Exercise 2 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5. F

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. B

Section II

1. C

2. B

3. D

4.C

5.B

6. A

Section III

1) dinner/ band / cake 2) house / drinks

3) invite/ arrive/ fifty 4) drinks/ new

Unit 2

Part One

Exercise 2 1. F 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. T 6 T Exercise 3

1. donations/ individuals and organizations

2. dedicate/ time and resources

3. loving and caring

4. keep coming

5. keep the best

6. feel better about

7. not necessarily

8. lovely surprise

9. truth/ understanding 10. real key

Part Two

Listening I

1. department store

2. attend college

3. difficult

4.physical education

5. terrified

Exercise 2

1. F

2. T

3. T

4.F

5. T

Listening II

Exercise 1

1.80/ eighty

2. Caps, sweaters and scarves

3. Her daughter-in-law

4. Because she is blind

5. 19/ nineteen

6. In China

7. 1/ One

8. Toronto

Exercise 2

1. 60/ sixty

2. making up

3. various parts of the world

4. a printed slip of

5.Never before

6. a personal letter

7. who is wearing the clothing

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1 1.C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B

Exercise 2

1. approaching

2. left

3. toilet

4. locked

5.Tickets

6. please

7. pushed

8. stamped

Practice Two

Exercise 1 1. C 2. A 3. D

Exercise 2 2. 4. 5.6.8.9

Practice Three

Exercise 1 Written language 2. 3. 5.6

Spoken language 1. 4

Exercise 2

1. spoken language

2. sign language

3.representations

4. derived from

Practice Four

Exercise 1

1. misunderstanding 2 . lump 3. 5/ five 4. cancer 5. fine

Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5.T

6.F

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. A 2 . D 3. A 4. B 5. C

Section II

1. moods

2. regularly

3. meet

4. risks

5.hurt

6. satisfy

7. disappointed

8. should

9.unless 10. stuck

Section III

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. F

5.T

6.F

Unit 3

Part One

Exercise 2

1. react/ perform

2. pick up

3.brains

4. society/ way Exercise 3

1. when it comes to

2. get lost

3. seem true / more than

4. host/ active games

5. college education / well-paid

6 second-class citizens 7. leave/ raise 8. feel guilty

9.are involved in/ available 10. getting ready

Part Two

Listening I

Exercise 1 5 4 1 6 2 3

Exercise 2

1. F

2. F

3. F

4. T

5. T

Listening II

Exercise 1

1. language, culture, society / cultural expectations

2. develop closeness intimacy/ earn status

3. collaborative supportive/ aggressive/ competitive Exercise 2 1.C 2. B 3. A

4. B

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1

1. hit

2. in wonder

3. dress up/ play house

4. lock/ public

5.painting their faces

6 dig into

7 boys 8.talk

1. try to catch

2. turn into

3. tear off

4. careless

5. painting the walls

6. lazy/ cut

7. dirt

8. make machine-gun noises

Practice Two

Exercise 1 3. 2. 4.1

Exercise 2 1. B 2 . D 3. A 4. C 5. B

Practice Three

Exercise 1 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T

Exercise 2 1. D 2 . A 3. B 4. A 5. B

Practice Four

Exercise 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F

Exercise 2

1. reflects/ descriptions

2. parents’ attitude 3 suggest/ act 4. raising their family/ supporting their husbands

5. used to be/ share these responsibilities

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. C 2 . A 3. D 4. C 5. D

Section II

1. T 2 . F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T

Section III

1. aggressive

2. taking risks

3. crimes

4. biology

5. function

6. roles

7. unsatisfactory

8. weaker

9. heart attack 10. rate of survival 11. vary

12. be infected with 13. average lifespan 14. do exist

15. deny 16. behave

Unit 4

Part One

Exercise 2 2.4.7.8.10.12

1. get my hands

2. put an end

3. must have known

4.can’t afford

5. come up with

6. make it sticky

7. stuck to the floor 8. the way

Part Two

Listening I

Exercise 1 1. F 2 . T 3. F 4. F 5.T

Exercise 2 1. C 2 . B 3. D 4. A 5. C

Listening II

Exercise 1 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F

Exercise 2

1. race

2. proceed

3. wander

4. proficient

5. original

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1 2. 1.3

Exercise 2

1. China/ 7,900 BC

2. stronger/ harden

3. 3100 BC / quickly/ shapes

4. art

Practice Two

Exercise 1

1. partly underground

2. living

3. digging into the ground

4. wood / grass/ waterproof Exercise 2

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. D

Practice Three

Exercise 1

1. A

2. C

3. D

4. C

5. D

Exercise 2

1. 35/ thirty-five

2. dot/ broad white

3. easy / studied

4. every possible angle/ obvious

Practice Four

Exercise 1

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. F

5. C

6. E

7.A

8. B

9. B

Exercise 2

1. 1762

2. 1888

3. 1890

4. 1977

5. 1514/1557

6. 1492/ 1903

7. 1925/ 1868

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. bicycle

2. rips

3. overnight

4. analyzed

5. release

6. cross

7. weekly

8. thorough

9. show 10. bicycles

Section II

1. B

2. B

3. C

4. A

5. A

Section III

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. T

7. T

8. F

9.F 10. T

Unit 5

Part One

Exercise 2

1. R

2. O

3. Be

4. Y

5. Ba

6. Be

7. O

8. R

9. J 10. R 11. Be 12. O 13. Y 14. Ba 15. Ba 16. Be 17. Y 18. Be 19. Y 20. R 21. Be 22. Ba 23. Y 24. Ba Exercise 3

1. counted on

2. keeps a good balance

3. give up

4. figure out

5. Apart from

6.makes excuses

7. no one can match 8. in his time 9. would rather

10. works wonders 11. comes across 12. proud of

Part Two

Listening I

Exercise 1

Ted: tennis quite young

Mike: football a little kid/ nearly forty years

Lisa: skiiing remember

Exercise 2

1. tennis

2. football

3. skiing

4. skiing

5. tennis

6. skiing

7. tennis

8. skiing

9. football 10. football

Listening II

Exercise 1 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C

Exercise 2

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. F

6. F

7. F

8. T

9.T 10. T

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1

1. tobogganing

2. building snowmen

3. throw snowballs

4. ice-skating

5. skiing Exercise 2

Finland Germany Norway USA Sweden Italy

Switzerland France Russia

Practice Two

Exercise 1 2. 3. 5.7

Exercise 2

Bo Bob

Swedish American

cycling long distance running

American 3000-meter championship

5:30a.m-12:00 a.m 10:00 am-5：00 p.m

swimming listening to music

Practice Three

Exercise 1

1. team spirit

2. A. spend time together B. individually/ pressure

C. autonomy interfered drop a player

Exercise 2 1.2. 4.6. 8. 10

Practice Four

Exercise 1 1. C 2.B 3. B

Exercise 2

1. Criticism

2. harmfully employed

3. a big family

4. Hostilities

5. The majority of people

6.continued

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7.D 8. A

Section II

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. B

6. D

7. C

8. B

9. D 10. B

Section III

1. strength

2. training

3. coaching

4. new and superior

5. publication

6. engineering

7. sports clothing

8, more comfortable 9. technological input 10.limits 11. records

Unit 6

Part One

Exercise 2

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. C

5. C

6. A

Exercise 3

1. farm animals /hold / feed

2. small pets

3. bury/ toss them out

4. real shame

5. dangerous/ destructive/bring disease

6.have a point

7. humanely /limit

8. time/ money/ warm place

9. isolated/ company 10. storm of debate

Part Two

Listening I Exercise 1

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. B

Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. F

5.T

6.T

Listening II Exercise 1

1. Her son

2. snake/ crocodile

3. quiet

4. picky/ particular Exercise 2

1. big

2. dogs

3. tiger

4.bit

5. cat

6. friendly

7. eat 8. clean 9. wash 10. space 11. noisy 12. train 13. speak 14. keep 15. quiet

Part Three More Listening

Practice One Exercise 1

1. 4.5.6.7

Exercise 2

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. A

5.D

Practice Two Exercise 1

1.3

Exercise 2

1. for free

2. small donation

3. $20

4. hundreds

5. eat little

6. $50

7. annual shots

8. numerous shots

9. disease

Practice Three Exercise 1

1. C

2. B

3. D

4. C

5.A

Exercise 2

2.5.6.7

1. C

2. C

3. A

4. B

5.D

Exercise 2

1. crowding / water/ grass

2. what is happening/ low

3. target practice/ over the area

4. gotten rid of / stay

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. T

5.F

6.T

7.T

8. F

9.F 10.T

Section II

1. A

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. B

6. B

Section III

1. conserve nature

2. donation

3. eggs

4. meat

5. oil

6. handbags

7. shoes

8. fur coats

9. ivory 10. reduced 11. 5,000 12. embarrassed 13. advertise the furs 14. export bans 15. importation 16. turtles

Unit 7

Part One

Exercise 2

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. A

Exercise 3

1. fun holiday

2. natural scenery/ historical interest

3. summer/ too cold

4. long history/ vast territory

5. feed the monkeys

6. as many places as possible

7. you name it

8. host city/ ancient civilization / modern architecture

9. city wall / treat yourselves 10. express trains

Part Two

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. D

6. A

Exercise 2

Flight number SN 862 SN 863

Time 17:50 on July 11 15:10 on July 14

Listening II Exercise 1

B C F G H I

Exercise 2

Part 1 F T T T

Part 2 F F T F

Part 3 T T T T F

Part Three More Listening

Practice One Exercise 1

Advantages ADH Disadvantages E

Exercise 2

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. C

Practice Two Exercise 1

1. seedy

2. company

3. shared

4. noisy

5. early

6. private

7. booking

8. convenient

9. restaurants 10. bathrooms Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

Practice Three Exercise 1

1. Fuel

2. Water

3. Vehicles

4. clothes

Exercise 2

1. passing lorries

2. enough water

3. drinking

4. vehicle

5. emergency

6. self-sufficient

7. car repairs

8. cost mush / or be costly 9. sweaters 10. European winter Practice Four Exercise 1

Occupations B a. actress A. b. actress and author

1) A 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) B 6) A 7) A 8) B

Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. F

5.F

6.T

7.F

8. T Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. T

5.F

Section II

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. A

6. D

Section III

1. D

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. A

Unit 8

Part One

Exercise 2

Section A 5，7，1，4，6，3，2

Section B 1) F H I 2) A 3) CEJ 4) BDGJ

Exercise 3

1. passed out/ in shock

2. back and forth

3. knows the reason why

4. no doubt/ living without her

5. plays a great role

6. brilliant boy

7. very few cases

8. deny/ nature

9. bright or not/ CAN 10. thicker than/ genetic relationship

11. react to / not to mention 12. hard decision

Part Two

Listening I Exercise 1

1.F

2.F

3. T

4. F

5. T

Exercise 2

1. genes

2. sex

3. blood

4. tooth

5. mirror

6. left-handed

7. right-handed

8. language

9. young 10. alike 11. separated 12. apart 13. careers 14. interests

Listening II Exercise 1

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. D

Exercise 2

1. 4. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12

Part Three More Listening

Practice One Exercise 1

3. 6. 9

Exercise 2

1. six

2. four

3. 195

4. broad

5. slim

6. extended

7. short 8. elbows 9. knees 10. size-14 11. lungs 12. heart

Practice Two Exercise 1

1.1921

2. fit the child

3. ordinary schools

4. adult conception

Exercise 2

1. good being

2. wise

3. realistic

4. psychology

5. freedom to be themselves

6. discipline

7. suggestion

8. religious instruction 9. scholars

10. scholars 11. street cleaners

Practice Three Exercise 1

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

Exercise 2 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.F

Practice Four Exercise 1

1) A 2) C 3) D 4) A

Exercise 2

1. F

2. T

3. T

4. T

5.T

6.T

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. talent

2. dancing

3.creative

4. early

5.physical

6. energy

7. less

8. curiosity

9. particularly 10. cause

11. fundamental 12. meaning 13. superior 14. fluently

15. read 16. exceptional 17. preparation 18. fully

Section II

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. F

7.F 8 T

Section III

1. C

2. A

3. C

4. B

5.D

Unit 9

Part One

Exercise 2

1. C

2. C

3. C

4. W

5. W

6. C

7. C

8.C

9.C 10.W

11. W 12. W 13. C 14. W 15. W 16. C 17. W 18.W Exercise 3

1. prefer / old-fashioned

2. as old as

3. account for

4. own/ play/ earn a living

5. very proud of

6. 1.5 billion / had the chance

7. hills / small bridges/ singing of birds

8. full of energy

9. holes / buttons/ precise notes 10. indirectly/ individualistic 11. places great importance 12. a universal language

Part Two

Listening I Exercise 1

1. restaurants/ airports/ supermarkets / banks

2. A. attitudes/ in the right mood

B. a better feeling/ the people around him

C. happy/ work better

3. A. World War II / happy/ calm

B. a machine/ kinds of music / different times/ faster/ slower Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. T

5.T

6.F

7. T

8. F Listening II Exercise 1

1. eases their minds / operations

2. classical / instrumental jazz

3. A. reduce tension B. 50 / fifty male doctors C. Mathematics

D. 1) quickly 2) calmly 3) chosen for them 4) No music

5) the worst

Exercise 2

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. F

5.F

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1

B D A C

Exercise 2

1. their own style

2. the nature

3. sounds / experimented

4. songs records

5. films/ awards

Practice Two Exercise 1

1. 1) 2) 3)

2. 2) 1)

Exercise 2

1. picks the strings

2. as hard as

3. makes the notes

4. on the strings

5. manages the bow

Exercise 3

1. learn

2. carry

3. popular

4. satisfying

5. progress

6. easiest

7. less satisfying

8. most difficult

Practice Three Exercise 1

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. F

5.F

6.F

7.F

8. T Exercise 2

Bruce Springsteen: communicative, direct, exciting, simpler Sting: natural

Peter Gabriel：musical

Branford Marsalis: brilliant, humorous

Youssou N’Dour：not so heavy/ rhythmic/ sophisticated/unusual

Practice Four Exercise 1

1. A

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. A

Exercise 2

1. T

2. N

3. T

4. F

5.T

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section 1

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. T

5.F

6.T

7.T

8.T

Section II

2. 4.7. 8. 10. 12

Section III

1. falling

2. nice

3. cold

4. inside

5. raining

6. tears

7. happen 8. arms 9. fire 10. gone

Unit 10

Part One

Exercise 2

1. F

2. F

3. T

4. F

5.T

6.F

7. T

8. T Exercise 3

1. terrible rubbish / deafening/ stand

2. slow-paced/ peaceful

3. concentration on them

4. dreamt of / afford

5. dwell on the past / more freedom

5. keep up with/ totally different 7. have a date

8. on the Net/ not unusual 9. adapt to / we have been saying 10. kept complaining / let it be

Part Two

Listening I

Exercise 1 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B

Exercise 2 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5.F

Listening II Exercise 1

1. quietly

2. myself

3. pity

4. sympathy

5. Understanding

6. favor

7. rocking

8. wrong

9. tired 10. lazy

11. same 12. lucky

Part Three More Listening

Practice One

Exercise 1 1. name of the ship

2. number of people/ passengers

3. names of the people/ passengers

Exercise 2

1. N

2. F

3. T

4. F

5. T

Practice Two

Exercise 1 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8. T Exercise 2

1. marvelous

2. shines

3. lovely

4. little team

5. the best players

6. football stadium

7. public

8. name 9. notice board 10. in two weeks

Practice Three

Exercise 1

1. beginners’

2. copy down

3. days of the week

4. an 8th day

5. sure enough

6. convince

7. Australia

8. that one

Exercise 2 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.T

Practice Four

Exercise 1

1. work, family, health, friends, spirit

2. work / bounce back / marked/ damaged

Exercise 2

1. undermine your worth

2. special

3. set your goals

4. take for granted

5. meaningless

6. slip through your fingers

7. all the days

8. give up

9. stop trying 10. encounter risks 11. to be brave 12. shut 13. give 14. hold 15. wings 16. learn 17. treasure 18. retrieved 19. race 20. journey

Part Four Testing Yourself

Section I 1. D 2. B 3. D 4.C 5. A

Section II 1. C 2. B 3. D 4.A 5. B

Section III

1. interpret

2. forest

3. flowers

4. chased

5.run

6. catch

7. jumped

8. giant

9.long 10.black 11. white 12. shaking 13. wet 14. sweet 15. delicious 16. angel 17. grave 18. nights 19. days 20. taste

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

大学英语视听说4答案

第一单元 Outside view 1. 1 2 3 4 2.interview techniques lead in looking for boils down 3.professional job coach doing research practiced with present yourselfinterviewerpresentation and understanding in relationship to the jobsome examples dealing with problems 4. 1 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 5.what Samantha was doing wrong in her first job interview what she should do in future interviews Talk 1.B C A C 2.C A D Passage 1 1. 2.B D A D C Passage 2

Unite test DBACA BCDAD BDBC 第二单元 Outside view 1. 3 4 6 1.It's best suited to the download generation. Although the interview says "No one in the industry is suggesting the conventional bookshop is dead", the figures discussed indicate that the conventional bookshop will lose out to digital publishing. Downloadable books sell more than hardbacks and paperbacks. The e-book is delivered in a very convenient way. 2.undergoing a fundamental change600consuming content get it editedclick of a few buttons earning money for an author never really catch on Talk 1.B D A D 2.C B A

(完整版)新视野大学英语视听说4答案(第二版)

UNIT TEST 3 ACCDD 1.at 2.section 3.connects 4.bottom 5.shining 6.As 7.cross 8.Ten minutes later, as we were looking out the window, we saw everyone was running away from something 9. A huge flood was streaming down the mountain. We were standing on a higher place, so we could see everything 10.It was reported that the flood destroyed a big area and approximately 300 people were killed or disappeared that day ABBDC BDACC DABDA Unit 4 Lead in c d a e h f i g b Basic listening CBABD Listening in Task l CBDAA Task 2 Relationships marketing manager in conflict with expenses ended in vain training administrator visited establish closer relationships long-term picked up Task 3 CDDCA Let's talk

新视野大学英语视听说4听力标准答案(全)

新视野大学英语视听说教程4第二版答案Unit 1 enjoy your feeli ngs! Anger Correct answers irritated blow up

Correct answers Happi ness Correct answers

badness Correct ansv/ers cheerless depressed heartbroken in low spirits out or sorts Basic liste ning practice Keys: CBDAD l Liste ning In Task 1 what a clumsy man! Keys: ACDCB Task 2 causes of depression Keys:(1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4)certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patter ns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)fi nan cial difficulties (11)stress (12)a nxiety Task 3 happ in ess in dex Keys: BDAAC l Let ' s Talk Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) sec on dary (17) growing up (18) lear n l Further Liste ning and Speak ing

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课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。‖ 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 ―滑稽剧‖是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：―昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？‖那位男士回答道：―那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。‖这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 ―俏皮话‖不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢的一个例子是三位年长的绅士在英国乘火车旅行的故事。当火车慢慢停下来时，第一位绅士问道：―这是Wembley (温布利)吗？‖―不，‖第二位绅士说：―是Thursday (星期四)。‖―我也是，‖第三位说道，―让我们下车喝杯啤酒吧。‖我们知道上了年纪的人往往耳背，因此会把Wembley（温布利）听成了Wednesday（星期三），把Thursday（星期四）听成了thirsty（渴了），这样一来就为第三位老人的妙语做好了铺垫。 10 著名的中国漫画家和幽默家丁聪便是一位俏 皮话大师。在他的一幅幽默漫画中，一位老师说： ―你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？‖那位年轻的 学生回答道：―我没有一字不改地抄。我把作业上的 名字改成自己的了。‖在丁聪的另一幅经典漫画里， 一位生气的父亲问道：―告诉我，1加2等于几？‖ 儿子说：―我不知道。‖这位不耐烦的父亲接着说道： ―比方说，你、你妈妈和我，我们加起来一共是几个， 傻瓜？‖儿子得意地回答道：―是三个傻瓜。‖ 这些 故事无论是漫画还是笑话，是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演 员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲，都为各地人们所喜 爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事，因为它们贴近现实 生活，而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧 是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些 批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这 种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细 微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至 很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问 题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多 地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。 记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人 问：―什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？‖另外 一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：―我不猜了。是什 么呀？‖出谜语的人回答：―是报纸。‖如果你知道在 英语中―red（红色）‖和―read（读）‖的读音一样但 意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。 12 DOUBLE ENTENDRES （法语中的―一语双 关‖）是双关语的特殊形式, 其中的词或短语有双重 意思。两个意思往往很不相同，一个比较恰当，另 一个往往比较粗俗—但并不总是这样。我喜欢那个 关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场 上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。那位教 师对学生们说；―我和校长已经决定停止在学校操场 上接吻。‖听到笑声，她意识到她没有把意思表达清 楚，于是补充说：―我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子 下面发生接吻这样的事了。‖当然，这个解释并没有 纠正她的第一句话，反而使这个笑话的双重含义变 得更加好笑。 13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏 智慧，不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有 色情意味或粗俗的语言，而且觉得大多数幽默家缺 乏创造性。的确，现在有些幽默令人震惊，但我认 为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的，它 还会继续生存下去，只因为每天都有有趣的事情发 生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事 情，并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故 事。 V ocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州） 的《企业导报》工作，当时我很少收到体育迷的来 信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸 引住了。 2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：―关于老虎队的 述评很不错，再接再厉。‖签名的是体育编辑堂?沃 尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖 栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的 话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉 里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不 是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起 信心来。 3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业 的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他 告诉我说：―当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极 了。‖ 4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利 湖那么大。去年他去世了，享年75岁。电话与悼 函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励 （文字）的人们。 5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他 们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉 得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷 漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温 暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几 行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。 6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若 晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重 人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们 自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远 不如打电话方便。 7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一 张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得更加珍贵。便笺是白 纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反 复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。 8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的 人也在这么做，其中包括乔治?布什。有人说，他政 治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备 写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯 中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信， 内容亲切——一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一 段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相 逢的人以及完全陌生的人——比如那位借伞给他 的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。 9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风 只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人 也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅。 唐纳德?彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺 鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时 走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。―我只不过匆匆 地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后 传递出去，‖他说道。―每天最重要的一段时间，就 是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。‖ 10 ―太多的时候，‖他发表自己的看法说，―那些 我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们 的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么 批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人 类需要正面的肯定或鼓励——事实上，我们靠这个 取得进步，获得成功！‖ 11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只 要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的 高手都具有我所谓的―４S‖技巧。 12 １）真诚(sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。 13 ２）简短(short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你 的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。 14 ３）具体(specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴―演讲