新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案

1. disaster

2. compelled

3. historical

4. disciplined

5. destruction

6. output

7. retreat

8. abandoned

9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten

1. show signs of

2. called upon

3. off limits

4. in fear of

5. slow down

6. cut down

7. from head to foot

8. come by

9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in

smoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic

Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs

Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings

Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on

Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour

1. collective individual

2. consistent contradictory

3. constructive destructive

4. irrational rational

5. modern primitive

6. natural synthetic

7. nearby distant8. optimistic pessimistic9. replaceable irreplaceable10. small enormous

1. She wished us health and success in the new year.

2. He asked how we were getting along with our work.

3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.

4. Rose asked Jack whether he

was sure his mother would like the idea. 5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I needn't have done all that myself.

1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.

2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.

3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.

4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.

5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.

6. The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.

7. Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.

8. The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.

(1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8) expansion (9) irreplaceable (10) extinct (11) dynamic (12) verge (13) moderate (14) ecological (15) rational

1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.

2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.

3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.

4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.

5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.

6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.

7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles. 8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV. 9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time. 10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there,

which is off limits to tourists.

Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.

My Understanding of Environmental Protection Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and However,

man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct. ??????We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.

U2

1）mass 2）gambled 3）voluntary 4）hunted 5）

classified 6）abolished 7）division 8）senseless 9）fashions 10）coordination 11）declarations 12）spanned

13）recommended 14）moderately 15）slightest

1）stands a chance 2）ruled out 3）worthy of 4）gone through 5）in the strict sense

6）At a guess 7）earns a living 8）coincide with 9）gone in for 10）got their teeth into

（1）enjoy （2）physical （3）compelled （4）necessity （5）support

（6）mental （7）idealize （8）status （9）values （10）classified

（11）essential （12）mind （13）attitude （14）fortunate

1、随着她个人生活的细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得不辞去公司总经理的职务。

As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign

her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager / resign from the post of general manager) of the company.

2、她对自己的新工作很满意，因为这份工作正好与她的兴趣相符。

She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.

3、我买了这件衬衣，因为它的价格从300元减到了80元。

I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan .

4、为了把孩子们抚养成人，这位母亲真是历经了各种磨难。To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.

5、警方在老太太的死亡案中已经排除了他杀的可能性。

The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.

6、市政府承诺将尽快采取有效措施，解决空气污染问题。The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.

7、因为腿部受伤，我没有参加上个月学校举行的网球锦标赛。

I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships

held last month because of my injured leg.

8、要是能得到大多数女生支持的话，你赢得选举成为学生会主席的机会是很大的。

If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.

9、他写的书并非都像这一本这么成功，所以我建议你从图书馆把它借出来读一下。

Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.

10、在2004年雅典奥运会上刘翔打破男子110米栏（110-meter

hurdles）世界纪录，获得冠军，这个纪录以前是由一个美国运动员保持的。

At the 2004 Athens Polemic Games Tue Kiang won the championship of the man’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.

U5

1）fortune 2）dull 3）chased 4）launched 5）finance

6）reputation 7）liberty

8）publicity 9）sufficiently 10）sympathy 11）target 12）educate 13）commerce

14）alike 15）bored 16）audiences 17）regard 18）assure

1）thrown out 2）and so on 3）for dear life 4）dedicate himself to 5）was tired of

6）turn away 7）hang on 8）for the sake of

(1)chase （2）reputation （3）dedicate （4）reward （5）sufficiently （6）measured

（7）assure （8）Momentary （9）celebrity （10）target （11）frank （12）liberty

（13）illusory （14）regard

1、他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但失败了。

He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.

2、总统已经宣布，在第一个任期结束时不再谋求连任。

The president has announced that he will not seek reelection at the end of his first term.

3、那个年轻教师在激发学生努力学习方面很有技巧。

The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.

4、她喜欢举行社交聚会，只要能找到借口，她就随时举行。She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.

5、要在这家公司找到一个管理职位，你恐怕至少要和50个人竞争。

I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.

6、坦率的说，就算你对公司很忠诚，我觉得你得到提拔的机会也不大。

To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.

7、很显然，他的演讲激发了观众对地震灾难中受害者的极大同情。

It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.

8、尽管他反复向我保证他有能力推销我们公司的产品，但在雇

佣他之前我还要再面试他一次。

Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.

9、公司的投资之所以以失败而告终是由于总经理的决策错误，于是董事会（board of directors）觉定把他从公司赶出去。The company’s investment ende d in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.

10、我知道你累了，不过再坚持一会儿吧。再过半个小时我们就要到达顶峰了。

I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.

U6

1）commonplace 2）enduring 3）dim 4）command 5）imperfection 6)intensive

7）abandon 8）finite 9）mean 10）weaving 11）additional 12）aspiration

13）gratitude 14）endless 15）faithful 16）committed

1）live on 2）dawned upon 3）live by 4）is invested with 5）hold fast to

6）All too 7）step aside 8）set out 9）to and fro 10）work out

（1）wither （2）sense （3）faithful （4）commit （5）aspirations

（6）gratitude （7）dawns （8）accumulated （9）nourishment （10）preoccupied

（11）flowers （12）tendered （13）weave （14）elevate

1、这位驻联合国大使被授权代表本国政府，处理与该国相关的所有外交事务。

The ambassador to the U.N. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning his country on behalf of his government .

2、在火车上我一直在想期末考试的结果，知道乘务员提醒我目的地已经到了。

All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination .

3、虽然车祸死亡名单中有她丈夫的名字，但她仍不停在屋内走来走去，急切地盼望他早点回到家里。

Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident , she kept walking to and fro , anxious to see him back home sooner .

4、我正准备把合同翻译成英语，突然意识到合同涉及的双方都是中国公司。

I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies .

5、聚会上人们尽情地唱歌跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。

At the party , people sang and danced with abandon , totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .

6、怀着做一名宇航员的强烈愿望，杰克逊全身心地投入到长达两年的艰苦体能训练之中。

With the great aspirations to become an astronaut , Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training .

7、他的油画取材于亘古永存的神话故事，反映了那个时期欧洲人的鉴赏趣味。

His paintings ,drawing on timeless fairy stories ,exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period .

8、那个公共汽车司机不想承担事故责任，所以千方百计把责任对到乘客身上。

The bus driver didn’t want to take any resp onsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board .

9、他不仅冒着生命危险把老人从熊熊燃烧的房子里救了出来，还把自家屋子腾出来让他住下。

He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down .

10、她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。

From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .

U7

1）Furnish 2）resolve 3）maintaining 4）discard 5）sanction 6）raise 7）strip

8）bare 9）bargain 10）simplified 11）trade 12）downsize 13）numerous

14）fraction 15）plain 16）thereby 17）rolling

1）keeps track of 2）it turned out that 3）strip down to 4）take an interest in

5）in return 6）is all of a piece 7）for good 8）write out 9)eat out

10）look back 11）cut out

（1）luxuries （2）frugal （3）trading （4）curtail （5）splendid （6）hobbies

（7）impulse （8）bare （9）wasteful （10）deny （11）deprivation （12）maintain

（13）resolve （14）consumption

1、她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还是会丢弃的。

She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse.Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded.

2、大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成多。

University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads . They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves .

3、这对夫妻都是大公司的高层管理人员，忙得没有时间做饭，一星期至少有五天在外面吃饭。

The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies . They eat out at least five days a week due to the lack of time for home cooking .

4、这两处签名十分相似，即使是有经验的专家恐怕也难辨别出它们之间的差别。

The two signatures appear all of a piece . Even experienced experts may find it difficult to identify any difference between them .

5、杂志的编辑把附在文后的图片都删掉了，因为该文的长度只能限制在两页之内。

The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attached to the article because the length of the article was restricted to only two pages .

6、作为常务委员会成员，近三年来他一直在处理失业和交通问题。

As a member of the standing committee , he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during the past three years .

7、老人生前立下遗嘱，要把他一生的继续作为奖学金献给我们的学校。

The old man made a will before his death , giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships , a decision sanctioned by his children .

8、那个医生向他的病人保证，只要他连续服用这种药三个月，每日三次，他的病就彻底好了。

The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three times a day for three months without interruption , he would recover from the illness for good .

9、回顾过去的经历时，我才意识到四年的大学说是我一生中最无忧无虑的时刻。

Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I

realize that my four-year period at university was the most care-free time in my life .

10、要想在技术创新方面超过别人，我们必须时刻掌握科学技术领域所有的新思想和新发展。

If we want to excel others in technological innovation , we must keep track of all the new ideas and developments in the field of science and technology .

U8

1）reflections 2）hastened 3）solitary 4）mystery 5）fancy 6）expenses 7）slender

8）purchase 9）admission 10）subtle 11）betrayed 12）significance 13）possession

14）procession 15）hints 16）conceal

1）put off 2）was down to her last 3）at length 4）all the way 5）counted for

6）under his breath 7）ran riot 8）spent itself 9）beat back 10）drinking in

11）out of work 12）on a full scholarship 13）There is no way

（1）disaster （2）assured （3）hastened （4）gently （5）afflicted （6）tender

（7）paralyzed （8）abandonment （9）subtle （10）possess （11）preception

（12）procession （13）impose （14）travel-stained

1、担心老太太受不了精神上的打击，警察在告诉她儿子在飞机失事中遇难的消息时尽量委婉。

Fearing that she couldn’t stand th e blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently as possible the news of her son’s death in the air crash.

2、调查表明，那次车祸完全是由于司机违章驾驶造成的。Investigations revealed that the road accident was caused solely by the driver who drove against traffic regulations.

3、他和夏洛克（Shylock）一样吝啬。只要涉及到钱，他对朋友的所有承诺都丝毫没有意义。

He is as mean as Shylock. When it comes to money,all the promises he’s made to his frie nds count for nothing.

新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程4答案Unit4

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(完整版)全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案全

Unit 1 lexf Organization

II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words. 4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

- 90 - Appendix I III. Usage 1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health. 2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it. 3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work 1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep. 4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early. 5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. ■ Structure 1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent. 2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed. 3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans. 4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christmas. 2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile. 2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River. 3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four. ■ 4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with 2. s tand in the way 4. c atching... off his guard 6. d eclaration 8. d rag on 10. b ringing...to a

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Key to book4 un it1-4 Unit 1 Active readi ng (1) Look ing for a job after uni versity? First, get off the sofa Read ing and un dersta nding Dealing with unfamiliar words 3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make progress by moving to the n ext stage in a series of acti ons or events (proceed) 2 the process of cha nging from one situati on, form or state to ano ther (tra nsiti on) 3 not feeli ng in volved with some one or someth ing in a close or emoti onal way (detached) 4 referri ng to somethi ng which will happe n soon (upco ming) 5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump) 6 to retur n to a previous state or way of behav ing (revert) 7 to say what happe ned (reco unt) 4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. It isn ' t easy to make the (tr)a nsiti on from a busy uni versity stude nt to an un employed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watch ing a min dless televisi on show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed . Many people who have experie need a long period of in activity like this, whe n (4) reco un ti ng how they felt at the

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U5 1.培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可以为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。 Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that it lays the foundations for the success of one’s future work and studies. 2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。West China is crying out for talented people for its development .To this end，the government has laid down favorable policies，calling for more college graduates to go and work there. 3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century. 4.网虫们很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。 Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world. 5.生活在城市的人常常会有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。Urban residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case. 6.远程学习是个全球化的趋势。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。 Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth，people are given an equally convenient access to educational resources，no matter where they are. U6 1.我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。 As a proof of our hospitality，we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to

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U1 1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8. abandoned 9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten 1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6. cut down 7. from head to foot 8. come by 9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside in IN CREASING YOUR WORD POWER smoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholic Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour 1. collective individual 2. consistent contradictory 3. constructive destructive 4. irrational rational 5. modern primitive 6. natural synthetic 7. nearby distant 8. optimistic pessimistic 9. replaceable irreplaceable 10. small enormous GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. She wished us health and success in the new year. 2. He asked how we were getting along with our work. 3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved. 4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea. 5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them. 6. She said I needn't have done all

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1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker.(我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而感到自豪） 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”(奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼;天哪，我们要赶不上火车了！) 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?(我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问；在这种情况下，年轻的父母是得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？） 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. （昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣 的小女孩。） 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 1)In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. （无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。） 2)I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. （我 把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人） 3)We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. （我们带父母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但是一切都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病) 4)Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5)In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6)Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public concern. (当下汽油价格达到历史新高，这引发了公众的广泛关注） 2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture. （他发现鱼和米方是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报道） 3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble, my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated. （观众们以为我会轻而昐举名列第一名，哪知我使他们大吃一惊。因为跌倒，我获得花样滑冰金牌的希望就化为了泡影） 4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.

新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案

综合教程4课后答案 Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-4 Unit 1 Active reading (1) Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa Background information About the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a r i s i ng nu mber of stude nts who go to uni vers ity and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008 - 2009 because the economic downturn - then a rcccssion - meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. The