英国文学期末复习资料整理
英国文学期末复习资料
一、名词解释{5题/10分}
1.apostrophe: a figure of speech in which the speaker addresses a dead or absent person,
or an animal, object or abstract idea.
2.dramatic monologue: a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical
character other than the poet speaks to a silent listener, revealing unwittingly things about himself or herself.
3.satire: a kind of writing that expresses the vices and follies of individuals, institutions,
or societies to ridicule and scorn.
4.ode: a rhymed lyrical poem which expresses noble feelings often addressed to a person,
an object or celebrating an event.
5.terza rima: a poetic form consisting of a series of units of three lines rhyming aba,
bcb, cdc, ded, etc.
6.Byronic hero: a rebel or outlaw who is strong-willed, disillusioned, friendless, always
at war with the conventional world.
7.parody: the imitative use of words, style, attitude, tone and ideas of an author in such a
way as to make them ridiculous.
8.epistolary novel: a novel written in the form of a series of letters exchanged among
the characters of the story, with extracts from their journals sometimes included.
二、文学史常识：作家作品，相关流派{10题/10分}
1．William Wordsworth (华兹华斯1770-1850)
【1】作品特点{P6}：Close to nature——he had a profound love for nature. He thought that nature had a moral value and has its philosophical significance.
【2】相关作品{P6}：
●The Recluse:long poem which illustrated his thinking of life, but it remains
unfinished.
●The Prelude (1850): long poem which tells the growth of his mind.
●Lyrical Ballads (1798): an important piece of literature criticism in English literature.
It can be read as a declaration of romanticism.
【3】代表作品{P17}：I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.
2．George Gordon Byron (拜伦1788-1824)
【1】作品特点：He is interested in democracy
【2】关于作者{P41-42}：
●Born of a noble blood both on paternal and maternal lines.
●He was good friends with Shelly
●In the style of Pope, he satirically attacked Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey,
and the Edinburgh critics.
●After he attained his M.A. degree, he stayed for some time on his estate and led a
dissipated(奢靡的) life
●From 1809 to 1811, he made a grand tour of the Continent.
【3】相关作品：
（1）English Bards and Scotch Reviewers: his first important poem
（2）Hours of Idleness：a collection of lyrical verse
（3）Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: first two cantos(篇章)
（4）Oriental Tales: a series of romantic narrative verses
（5）Prometheus, Sonnet on Chillon, and the Prisoner of Chillon.
（6）Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: his third and fourth cantos.
【4】代表作品{P59}：She Walks in Beauty
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudlee climes and starry skies: And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o’er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling place. And on that cheek, and o’er that brow,
So soft, so charm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
3．Percy Bysshe Shelley (雪莱1792--1822)
【1】关于作者{P61-62}：
●He eloped with a young girl, Harriet, at last she was committed suicide.
●She met Godwin and fell in love with his daughter Mary Godwin. Her mother was
Mary Wollstonecraft(1759-1797), a champion for women’s rights and the authoress of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman(1792)
●He was drowned in a tempest while sailing in a boat along the coast of Italy. 【3】相关作品：
(1)Alastor (1816), The Revolt of Islam(1818), The Mask of Anarchy(1819): allegorical
（讽喻的）poems
(2)Prometheus Unbound(1820), Hellas（1822），and The Cenci(1819): lyrical dramas.
(3)Adonis(1821): a poem he wrote on the death of Keats
(4)Ode to the West Wind (1819): the most well-known one.
(5)The Defence of Poetry (1821): published in 1840 after the poet’s death.
【4】代表作品{P67-70}：Ode to the West Wind
1、
O Wild West Wind, thou breathe of Autumn’s being
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou
Who chariltest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odors plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and presserver; hear, oh, hear!
4 、
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee:
A wave to pant beneath thy power , and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as im my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderigs over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
One too lke thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
5 、
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leavers are falling like its own!
The tmult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like witheered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And , by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?
4. John Keats (约翰·济慈1795-1821)
【1】关于作者{P74}：
●Unlike Byron and Shelley, Keats was born in London, of lowly origin.
●His parents died early. He was forced to serve his apprenticeship and he worked as
the surgeon’s helper for more than two years.
●He died when he was only 25 years old.
●Most of his best poems were written in the short three years from 1817 to the time of
his death.
【2】相关作品：
(1)Endymion (1818): his long allegorical poem, about love between a Greek shepherd
and the moon goddess
(2)In 1817 he abandoned his profession and published his first collection of poems. 【3】作品特点：
(1)H is poetry is concerned with joy in the beauty of this world. He had a
taste of beauty of nature and works of art.
(2)H is poetry is always senshous, colorful and rich in imaginary which
express the acuteness of his sense.
【4】代表作品{P76}：Ode to a Nightingale
I.
MY heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:
'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,
But being too happy in thine happiness,—
That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,
In some melodious plot
Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,
Singest of summer in full-throated ease.
II.
O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been
Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,
Tasting of Flora and the country green,
Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth!
O for a beaker full of the warm South,
Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,
With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,
And purple-stained mouth;
That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,
And with thee fade away into the forest dim:
III.
Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget
What thou among the leaves hast never known,
The weariness, the fever, and the fret
Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;
Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,
Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies;
Where but to think is to be full of sorrow
And leaden-eyed despairs,
Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,
Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.
5. Charles Dickens (狄更斯1812-1870)
【1】关于作者{P135-136}：
●He was once put into prison with his father. Although he was there only for half a
year, this experience of his childhood left such a deep impression on his mind that it became a recurring subject in his novels.
●He later became a parliamentary reporter.
●In 1858 he began to give public readings which continued until his death.
【2】相关作品：
(1) 1836：Sketches by Boz;
(2) 1836-1837: The Papers of the Pickwick Club: rapidly brought him fame and wealth.
(3) 1837-1838: The Orphan in Oliver Twist(雾都孤儿)
(4) 1838-1839: Nicholas Nickleby
(5) 1840-1841: The Old Curiosity Shop
(6) 1843-1844: Martin Chuzzlewit
(7) 1843-1845: Christmas stories which included A Christmas Carol, The Chimes and The Cricket on the Hearth: he showed his profound sympathy for the poor and described how the rich were converted after undergoing severe tests. These stories are permeated with the spirit of brotherhood and are regarded as representatives of the spirit of Christmas.
(8) After 1844: he began to write novels of bitter social criticism, such as Dombey and Son (1848), Bleak House (1853), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1857), Our Mutual Friend (1865)
(9) 代表作：David Copperfield
【3】作品特点：
（1）He has a tendency to depict the grotesque (very odd or unusually, fantastically ugly or absurd) characters or events. Most of his characters have a peculiar habit, manner, behavior, dress and catch phrase of his or her own.
（2）He loves to instill life into inanimate things and to compare animate beings to inanimate things.
（3）He is noted for his description of pathetic scenes that aim to arouse people’s sympathy. Pathos(激起怜悯) is a distinctive quality in his writings.
6. William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷1811-1863)
【1】关于作者{P157-158}：
●He and Dickens were contemporaries(同时代的). They were both novelists and
humorists and they criticized the Victorian society satirically.
●He was born in a well-to-do family.
●名家名言
【2】代表作品：Vanity Fair（名利场）the Pilgrim’s Progress(天路历程)
【3】作品特点：和Dickens相比
(1) The world they described was different. Thackeray mainly described the lives of aristocrats and rich businessmen, that is people of the upper classes and middle classes, whereas Dickens mainly described the underdogs and he unprivileged (例：The Orphan in Oliver Twist)
(2) Dickens was a sentimentalist. He liked to avail himself of every opportunity to arouse the emotions of his readers. As for Thackeray, he also showed anger and indignation at hypocrisy, vanity, snobbery etc. but he always heid himself under control. He was seldom sentimental, being usually quiet and effective.
(3)Dickens was a romantist in many aspects by letting loose his imagination. Thackeray was against affectation, Byronic attitudes.
7. Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
【1】关于作者{P191}：
●He was born in a clergyman’s family.
●He became an inspector of schools after he left Oxford; he was professor of poetry at
Oxford from 1857 to 1867.
●He was both a poet and a literary critic. In his poetry he reflects on the doubt of his
age, and the conflict between science and religion.
【2】相关作品：
(1)1865 and 1888: Essays in Criticism
(2)1889: Culture and Anarchy(无政府状态)
(3)特点：He attacked the barbarians(野蛮人)
8. Daniel Defoe (丹尼尔·笛福1661-1731)
【1】关于作者{上册，P238}：
●He is known as a pioneer novelist of England, and also a prolific writer of books and
pamphlets (小册子)on a great variety of subjects.
●代表作：Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨逊漂流记1719）
Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯1722）
9. Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)
【1】关于作者{上册，P289}：
●He was the greatest English man of letters between Pope and Wordsworth.
●He founded a club and many men of letters gatherd around him.
●代表作：
(1) A Dictionary of the English Language
(2) The Rambler: An imitation of Addison’s The Spectator
(3)Letter to the Right Honorable The Earl of Chester field (致**爵爷书, 上P 291) 【2】名家名言
●The most famous one: Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel(流氓).
●Curiosity is one of the permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous mind.
● A man should keep his friendships in constant repair. If a man does not make new
acquaintances as he advances through life, he will soon find himself alone.
●Praise, like gold and diamond.
●What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure.
●The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no
good.
【3】代表作再现Letter to the Right Honorable The Earl of Chester field
My Lord,
I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your lordship. To be so distinguished is an honour which, being very little accustomed to favours from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.
When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address, and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre;—that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.
Seven years, my lord, have now passed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without one act of assistance , one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.
The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks.
Is not a patrons my lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it: till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a patron, which providence has enabled me to do for myself.
Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favourer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, My Lord,
10. 补充几个作家
【1】Lord Alfred Tennyson:
（1）Break，Break，Break （2）Ulysses
(3) Poems by Two brothers (4) The Lady of Shalott
(5) Morted’s Arthur
【2】Robert Browning：He is famous for dramatic Monologues
（1）My Last Duchess （2）Meeting at Night
【3】Emily Bronte：Wuthering Heights（呼啸山庄）
【4】William Blake: (1)London (2)Tyger
【5】Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨逊漂流记）
三、简答题：二选一，（要有自己观点）20分
【I】浪漫主义特点{下册，P4-5}
1. Subjectivism（主观想象主义）:
●Instead of regarding poetry as “a mirror to nature”, the source of which is in the
outer world, romantic poets describe poetry as “the spontaneous(自发的) overflow of powerful feelings” which expresses the poet’s mind”.
●The interest of the romantic poets is not in the objective world or in the action of
men, but in the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of the poets themselves.
●In short, romanticism is related to subjectivism, while neo-classicism is related to
objectivism.
●The poetry of the Romantic Age in England is famous for its high degree of
imagination.
2. Spontaneity (自发性)
●Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”. It
reflects spontaneity is opposed to the “rules” and “regulations” imposed on the poets by neoclassic writers.
●Romanticism is an assertion(主张) of independence，a departure from the
neo-classic rules.
● A work of art must be original
3. Singularity(奇特性)
●Romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the
supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical.
4. Worship of nature (钟爱自然)
●The romantic poets are worshipers of nature,especially the sublime（超群的）
aspect of a natural scene.
●Romantic poets read in nature some mysterious force.
●Some even regard nature as the revelation of God.
5. Simplicity (简单朴实)
●Romantic poets take to using everyday language spoken by the rustic(质朴的) people
as opposed to the poetic diction used by neo-classic writers.
●Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, t here was a growth
of democratic feelings, and an increasing belief that every human being is worth being praised.
●Many poets had a vision of the brotherhood of mankind, universal sharin g, and the
ultimate freedom of human spirits.
【II】维多利亚小说特点{下册，P132}（要有自己观点）20分四、名家名言{5段/10分}
除去前边所有作者涉及到的之外，另附William Blake两篇No.1: London ——William Blake
I wandered through each chartered street, Near where the chartered Thames does flow, A mark in every face I meet,
Marks of weakness, marks of woe.
In every cry of every man,
In every infant's cry of fear,
In every voice, in every ban,
The mind-forged manacles I hear: How the chimney-sweeper's cry
Every blackening church appals,
And the hapless soldier's sigh
Runs in blood down palace-walls.
But most, through midnight streets I hear How the youthful harlot's curse
Blasts the new-born infant's tear, And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse.
No.2 :Tyger –William Blake
Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies.
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire? And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? & what dread feet? What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp, Dare its deadly terrors clasp!
When the stars threw down their spears And water'd heaven with their tears: Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Tyger Tyger burning bright,
In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
五、综合评论题+诗歌分析题50分
提示：凭以往积累的知识和能力，自由发挥吧！
外院07级英教四班
张旭整理
2010-7-3一整天
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学史复习资料
Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593)
英国文学期末考试复习要点
英国文学期末考试复习要点 1.英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts 2.英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征服Norman Conquest之后。 3.古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian）；BEOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗national epic of England），人物角色(Beowulf,Grendel, Grendel's mother, Fire Dragon,Wiglef)，修辞手法（头韵法alliteration，暗喻metaphor，低调陈述understatement） 4.诺曼征服人物William the Conqueror，骑士Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）, 《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事matters of Britain。骑士的优良传统美德（忠诚loyalty） 5.威廉朗莱德William Langland作品《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman（十四世纪以梦境dream vision呈现的作品）
6.乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Father of English Poetry），主要作品The Canteberry Tales，文学贡献（英雄双行体Heroic Couplet，净化purified LONDON 音dialect），葬于西敏寺大教堂Westminster Abbey，为此建立诗人角Poet's Corner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32 朝圣者pilgrims），选作P45(时间April，地点Tabard Inn，人物，巴斯妇人的故事Wife of Bath)，抑扬五步格iambic pentameter （轻音unstressed syllable+重音stressed syllable） 7.实行政教分离者（亨利八世Henry VIII）Religious Reformation:The King broke off with the Pope. 8.托马斯摩尔Thomas More的《乌托邦》Utopia，宣扬财产property与困境poverty 分离和建立理想国度ideal state。 9.托马斯怀亚特Thomas Wyatt把十四行诗sonnet引入英国，分离为莎士比亚体Shakespearian Sonnet和斯宾塞体Spencerian Sonnet，十四行诗源于意大利
英国文学史_复习资料大二英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） ?《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf） ?《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） ?托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ） 《乌托邦》（Utopia） ?埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 《仙后》（The Faerie Queene) ?弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon） 《论说文集》（Essays) 克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe ?《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine） ?《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） ?《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta） 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ） 《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18 三、17世纪文学 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） ?约翰·班扬（John Bunyan） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛 ?丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） ?罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns ?威廉·布莱克 William Blake ?威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth ?塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）
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