新编大学英语3课后问题详解2

Unit 5 Language

(P212)

Post Reading

3 Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Para.1 Introduction: the most important day in her life

2) Para. 2-3 Her feelings before her teacher arrived.

3) Para. 4 The first encounter with the teacher.

4) Para. 5-9 How she discovered words.

A. Para. 5 Her initial success in learning: She leaned the spelling of a few words.

B. Para. 6 The difficulties encountered in learning the meaning of words and her reaction.

C. Para. 7-8 Her new sight that everything had a name and each gave birth to a new thought.

D. Para. 9 Her feelings and her outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house.

2. Understanding Specific Information

(1) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. (l 2~3)

A. What do the two lives refer to?

The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.

B. What does it refer to?

The day when her teacher came to her.

C. What is the immeasurable contrast?

Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. From that day on, she began to learn not only language but also gained a new sight for life.

(2) On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. (l5)

Why did Helen consider March 3, 1887 an eventful day?

Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.

(3) …when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line…(l13~15)

A. White and dark are opposite in meaning. Then what does white darkness mean?

It refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of finding her way in a white fog without sunshine.

B. What does her refer to?

The ship.

(4) I was like that ship before my education began… (l16)

Read para. 2&3. How did Helen feel before her education began?

She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with a beating heart.

(5) … and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l” applied to both. (l35)

What does both refer to?

Both the new doll and the big rag doll.

(6) Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that “m-u-g”is mug and that “w-a-t-e-r” is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. (l36~38)

What does the two refer to?

The words and the real objects.

(7) … and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. (l52)

What is the mystery of language?

Words are the names of things./Everything has a name.

(8) That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! (l54)

What does that living word mean?

6) The details of the policy have not been ___________

yet. revealed

7) The sight of the Great Wall filled me with

_________. wonder

8) It was on Sunday that Davis felt his loneliness most

____________. keenly

9) He hunted ________ through his pockets for a piece of paper. vainly

10) Father ________ on me the value of hard work. impressed

2.

1) It is known to all that children, unlike adults, apply rules

________. (conscious) unconsciously

2) The ________ crowd in the streets waited for the queen to pass. (expect) expectant

3) The birthday party and the movie have made this a(n) ________ night. (event) eventful

4) China is a market of ____________ potential.

(measure) immeasurab

le

5) Children learn by ________.

(imitate)

imitation/imitating

6) Language is something living and __________ changing. (continue) continually

7) She treated the poor girl with ____________.

(tender) tendern ess

8) She was getting very ____________ at having to wait so long. (patient) impatient

Translation

1. Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office,

I became more worried.

2. He will see who is his true friend in time.

3. That scientist’s experiment gave birth to a new drug.

4. He had been shut In by illness for much of the winter.

5. They would practice speaking English at the first opportunity.

6. Everything she valued/treasured might be swept away overnight

7. All the students are busy preparing for the finals towards the close of the term.

8. They longed for green trees and open spaces..

Part Four Writing and Translation

(P 239)

2. Translation Practice

From English into Chinese

1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。

2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3) 虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套。未能得到满意的结果。

4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。

5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。

6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

Unit 6 Man and Animals

Vocabulary (P254)

3. 1) survive 2) conflicts 3) available 4) likely 5) injuring 6) absorbed 7) competition 8) instinct 9) hesitated 10) similar

4. 1) ensure 2) population 3) characteristic 4) exhibit 5) defense 6) familiar 7) territory 8) case 9) minute 10) aggressive Translation (P256)

1) She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.

2) If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have been able to finish the task in time.

3) I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.

4) The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.

5) Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.

7) Only if Peter goes to the evening party will she go.

8) I can only compare the experience to a nightmare.

Writing and Translation

2. Translation practice (P279)

主语从句

1）这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的本能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系的话，也是微不足道的。

2）遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。

3）众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。

4）现在把话题转到一个月以前发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。

5）那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一副手套。

宾语从句

1）他想再次提醒大家，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。

2）他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些特征并表现出某些行为。

3）在这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。

4）伽利略最光辉是业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，证实了行星围绕太阳而不是围绕地球旋转。

Unit 7

III. Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

A. Two things that I was dissatisfied with (Para.1-3)

1. My job

2. My engagement

B. Purpose of my trip (Para.4-6)

3. To transform myself

C. Process for change (Para.7-14)

4. I created a mindset that made me ready for change.

5. I insulated myself from the usual influences in my life and the people whose approval was most important.

6. I structured my time in order to produce change and growth.

7. I pushed myself to experiment with new ways of being.

8. I made public commitments of what I intended to do, so it would be harder to back down.

9. I processed my experiences systematically.

10. I made changes when I returned that continued the transformation that started while I was in Aruba.

D. Conclusion (Para.15)

11. I would continue going on transformative trips to keep my growth in the future.

2. Retelling the Process for Change

“The writer was determined and ready to make changes. First, he made a point of getting away* from familiar situations and people that he wanted to impress. Next, he organized his days so that he could do activities that helped him change and develop. After that, he made an effort to try new ways of doing things. Then, he announced publicly what he planned to do so that it would be difficult for him to break his promises. Later, he analyzed his experiences in a logical way. When he returned, he changed things in his life so that he would continue the process that began while he was away. The process for change was a success.”

*make a point of doing something: be certain that one does something, usually in an obvious way.

e.g. From then on he made a point of avoiding her.

3. Understanding Specific Information

1) C 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) C 8) D 9) B 10) A

4. Questions for Group Discussion

Samples

1) I think it’s interesting and effective. Any change in scenery or surroundings can be beneficial. Yet it is too expensive, too

self-centered and too time-consuming. Isolating oneself from one’s friends and family doesn’t seem to be the best way for transformation to take place. Anyway, one has to get back to their friends and family who are important for their life and happiness.

2) Other possible ways to make changes:

-- to do new and different things (sports, reading, painting);

-- to do things to help other people;

-- to look for a new job;

-- to find a new hobby.

I think the most effective way is to help other people.

Vocabulary

1. 1) engagement 2) separating 3) influences 4) arranged 5) chosen 6) In case 7) processed 8) changes 9) benefited 10) go on

2.

1) end 2) booked 3) trapped 4) book

5) ended 6) appeal 7) trap 8) appeal

9) samples 10) structure 11) value 12) structured

13) sampled 14) process 15) valued 16) process

3. 1) a. emptied b. emptiness

2) a. terrified b. terrifying

3) a. entertaining b. entertainment

4) a. introductory b. introduction

5) a. employed b. employment

6) a. transform b. transformation

7) a. convinced b. convincing

8) a. approval b. approve

9) a. isolates b. isolation

10) a. reinforcement b. reinforced

Translation

1. I didn’t realize putting on/staging a play involved so much work.

2. The most important thing is not what you say but what you do.

3. This is the best result that can be expected in such circumstances.

4. It isn’t the first time that you have found yourself in such a situation.

5. This difficulty challenges my mind to find an answer.

6. The new threat on the horizon is unemployment.

7. We have alternative ways of expressing the same idea.

8. He slipped into the old habit of drinking.

Unit 9

Post- Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the organization

1) Introduction: (Para.1)

Music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents.

2) Effect of music on drivers: (Para.2-9)

A. Argument: Both extremes of music can result in risk. (Para.2)

Music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving.

Soothing and melodious music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy.

B. Supporting Evidence (Para.3-9):

a. Introduction to the research (Para.3):

Sponsor: British Automobile Association

Subjects: Volunteer drivers, including newly qualified ones.

Findings:

i. Men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group.

ii. Men in this group listen to music for seventy percent of the time they are on the move.

b. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the music (Para.4-5):

i. Drivers subjected to loud music find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating

more quickly and braking more abruptly.

ii. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often find their attention wandering.

iii. Comments by the volunteer drivers (Para.6-8):

i) Simon told the AA that the fast rock music was potentially lethal.

ii) Another volunteer said that he was speeding along singing loudly without noticing the fire engine behind his car while listening to ZZ Top’s music.

iii) Other comments: “I get lost in my own thoughts”…“It’s possible to suffer a dulling of the senses”…“Not hearing other vehicles is a problem”…

c. Slower music stimulates a change in a person’s brain pattern. (Para.9)

i. It encourages Alpha waves.

ii. It induces a feeling of well-being.

iii. Prof. Shirley Fisher’s warning: Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or

even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents.

3) An analysis of the effect of music on driving: (Para.10-12)

A. Selecting your music to suit the conditions (Para.10-11):

a. Stimulating music can be useful on long boring roads, but it can distract you when traffic conditions are difficult, or traffic is heavy.

b. According to Dr. Robert West, Carefully selected music may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk group.

B. High-tech music systems built into our cars also cause accidents (Para.12).

A recent traffic and road safety report showed that 40% of minor road accidents were caused by people taking their eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc.

4) A car intelligence system: (Para.13-14):

A. Its producers: Rover, British Aerospace, Philips and Sweden’s Road and Traffic Research Institute.

B. Its name: Application of Real-Time Intelligent Aid For Driving

C. Its working principle: It’s a sophisticated electronic system which takes advantage of radar to warn the driver when a collision is possible.

D. Its ways to warn the driver:

a) It sends a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down.

b) If early warnings go unheeded, the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.

5) Conclusion: (Para.15)

Music lovers should be careful when driving.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) F 9) T 10) F

Vocabulary

1. 1) stimulate 2) distract 3) qualify/be

qualified 4) induce 5) accelerate

6) soothe 7) overtaken 8) wander 9)

combine 10) commissioned

2． 1）C 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) A 6) C 7) C 8) A

Translation

1. I took advantage of the fine weather today to play tennis.

2. You may even swim in the lake -- if you feel inclined to.

3. The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.

4. A careless person is apt to make mistakes.

5. The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.

6. Comparatively speaking, we are more concerned with work efficiency and product development.

7. Doctors once said that surgery could induce heart attack.

8. I qualified as a doctor at London University 30 years ago.

or: I was qualified as a doctor by London University 30 years ago.

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