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研英语翻译笔记

研英语翻译笔记
研英语翻译笔记

研英语翻译笔记

【词类活译】

形容词介词→动词名词

副词

A well-dressed man ,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car. 译文:一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车,他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人;

【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到,但是有些状语从句前置时,造成迷惑,指代的内容不在状语从句中,而是在后文;

Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated,over-industrialized planet.When w e come to think about it ,there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish :dump it ,burn it,turn it into something you can use again ,attempt to produce less of it

译文:当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时,我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法:倾倒,焚烧,让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾;

【语态转换】

被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态,其次保留原文的被动形式,再次灵活处理;若存在动作的发出者,通常译成主动语态,对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加,也可译成无主句;

By the end of the war ,about 1,000 children had been rescued by the organization 译文:截止到战争结束,这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童;

The child is to be told not to touch the piano 译文:我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴;

About that project ,much has said but little has been done 译文:关于那项工程,说的多,做的少;

也可译成“被......”,“遭到......(不好的事)”,“受到......(好的事)”,“由......”,“为......所......”,“把......”等

This kind of insects was visited【攻击】 by a large colony of ants which could obtain a sort of honey from them;

译文:此类昆虫遭到了一群蚂蚁的攻击,这是因为后者从他们身上可以得到一种蜜;

2014年考研备考大全哲学类经济学类管理学类教育学类文学类

【It is ...句式翻译】

It is alleged that 据说... It is rumored that 据传... It is argued that 有人主张...

It is to be discussed that 需要讨论的是... There is no agreement ...人们对此看法不一 It is necessary that 有必要... It is true that 诚然... It is likely that 可能...

It is a mystery that 让人不解的是... It is common knowledge that 常识是... It occurred to me that 我突然想起...

【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首,有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面;但

结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译;

He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should aw ake the baby

译文:为了不惊醒孩子,他轻轻推开门,蹑手蹑脚溜了进去;

I was never allowed by my parents to do things ass I wanted to 译文:父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事;

New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance

译文:就像以往那样,在将来,新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现,并带来新的完美标准;

The sense is growing that the Americans need to turn things round fast ,militarily and politically ,if they are to ensue that events do not get out of control; 译文:人们越来越强烈地感觉到:如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制,他们就需要在军事和政治两方面,快速扭转形势;

If experience are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the report s in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents 译文:如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施,那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的;

【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译,即译成形容词“...的”;较长的定语从句常用分译法,即单独译成一个句子,此时要翻译连接词!多个定语从句嵌套时,常将第一个定语从句合译,后面的从句分译;对于“there be ”句型的定语从句常用融合法,即将从句作为主语的谓语;还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义,此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句; The people who work for him live in moral fear of him; 译文:在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死;

The fine arts , such as painting and sculpture ,involve the production of works to be s een and experienced on an abstract level; 译文:像绘画和雕塑这样的美术,往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品;

There are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write 译文:在世界上有些地方,甚至现在人们也不会书写;

He grabbed the letter from his rival that would prove him guilty in the smuggling case

译文:他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来,因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行;

竹节式:

A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens c

ome from diverse backgrounds

译文:有的文化中,公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观;还有的文化中,公民们来自不同文化背景,前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律;

洋葱式:

One of my friends got pregnant in her boyfriend’s hospital room while he was recovering from a terrible car accident which left him p artially paralyzed 译文:我有一个朋友,她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸,结果导致了半身不遂。在医院病房恢复期间,他居然还让我朋友怀孕了;

Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted【空旷

的】 city streets at weekend when the thousands that travel to work every day are t ucked away in their homes

译文:在周末,成千上万平日进城上班的人会回到他们的乡间寓所,这时一种宁静的气氛会降临在空旷的街市,没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了; The greater interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens ,whatev er their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities 译文:过去30年间,在公共教育领域所表现出的对特殊儿童的更大关注表明了在我们社会有这样一种强烈的观点:所有的公民都应该有机会充分发挥自己的才能,无论他们自身条件如何;

【名词性从句】

主语从句:可以按原文语序翻译,也可以用增词法,即先翻译从句,再用“这”来代替从句;

That progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by all economists 译文:经济的发展有助于缓解物质的匮乏,这是所有经济学家都承认的事实;

宾语从句:可以按原文语序翻译,也可用增词法,增加“说”,再翻译从句;“动词+it+that宾语从句”可先翻译从句,用“这一点,这样做,对此”等代替从句;有时还可以采用“融合法”翻译;

He reminded us again that this matter had been decided not just by himself but by m any others as well

译文:他再一次提醒我们说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有许多其他人;

I regard it as an honor that I have been chosen to attend the meeting; 译文:大家选我出席该会议,对此我深感光荣;

I think it true that he has ventured out to sea; 译文:我想他真的已经冒险出海了;表语从句:通常可以按原文语序翻译;

That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power 译文:就这样,小国战胜了大国;注意:

This is why:这就是为什么…;原因就在这里(先翻译从句); This is because:这是因

为…;(一般按顺序翻译);

This is what:这就是…的内容(含义);…就是这个道理(意思)(先翻译从句);

同位语从句:当比较简单可先翻译从句,再用“这一...或这个...”引出后文;当同位语从句较长时适合翻译成一个句子,并在句前加“即,:,-,”当被同位语说明的本位语若是有动词词性的抽象名词,则将其译成动词,而将从句译成动词的宾语!

The estimated that as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false

译文:有多达1/4的被砍伐木材未被使用,这一估计被证实是错误的;

They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened

译文:他们只在一件事上是相同,即往往会去骚扰或威胁那些自认为开明的人士;

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again; 译文:他表示希望再到中国来访问;

最新北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记(近10万字

北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记(近10万 字)

第一部分:数词的译法 一、数字增减的译法: 1.句式特征:by+名词+比较级+than The wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。 2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+to+n.译为:增加到。。。。或减少到。。。。 Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。 二、百分数增减的表示法与译法 1.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+% The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35% 2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词+by+% Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3% The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60% 3.句式特征:表示减少意义的动词+to+%表示减少后剩余的数量 By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20% 4.句式特征:%+比较级+than表示净增减的数量 Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9%。 5.句式特征:%+比较级+名词表示净减数 The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10% 6.句式特征:a + % + increase表示净增数 There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20% 7.句式特征:%+ (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译 The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60%8.句式特征:%+up on 或over表示净增数 The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20%。 第二部分倍数增加的表示法及译法 汉语表示“增加了几倍”时,英语的倍数表示倍数需减一,译成“增加了n-1倍”以表示净增加数。如果译成“增加到n倍”或“为原来的n倍”,则照译不误。 1.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+n times“表示成倍地增长,译成”增加到N倍“或”增加n-1倍“ 注:1倍 once; 2倍twice(或double);3倍thrice(或three times) 2.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+by+ n times,该句式与上述相同 3.句式特点:表示增加意义的动词+to+ n times表示增加到N倍,译成”增加了n-1倍“

翻译硕士考研英语翻译历年常考单词

翻译硕士考研英语翻译历年常考单词 丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势,小编整理2011-2014年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇,希望大家认真背诵,集中记忆,相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助,也预祝大家考研成功。 2014年 1) articulate 清晰的表达, 2) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account根据某人自己所说,letalone更别提, 3) intensity紧张,abruptly突然地,sudden突然,soft柔和的,passage段落,rarely很少、几乎不,composer作曲家,compose作曲、编写, 4) associate联系, 5) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 1) strike打、震撼,for all尽管,style风格,urge需求、督促、鼓励,decoration装饰, 2)sacred神圣的,crude原始、粗糙,as opposed to与相反,shelter避难所, 3) ineffect实际上,urban城市,discernible容易看出的,discern看出、识别, 4)blame批评, 5)implicit隐含的,explicit明确的,reference谈到、提及、参考,synthetic人造的; 2012年 1) impulse冲动,unification统一、一致,generative生产的、生成的,generate产生, 2) constrain力劝、强迫、限制,constraint限制, 3) filter过滤, cognitive认知的, 4) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见, 5) track跟踪; 2011年 1) erroneous错误的,error错误, 2) sustain支持、维持,illusion幻觉,conscious有意识的, 3) justification合理,借口,justify证明是公正的,rationalization合理,exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底, 4) circumstance环境, 5) upside积极的、正面的,contain包含,be up to取决于,array展示、陈列、一系列; 丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势,小编整理2006-2010年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇,希望大家认真背诵,集中记忆,相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助,也预祝大家考研成功。 2010年 1)rescue拯救,to the effect that大意是说,failed to不能, 2)intrinsic内在的、固有的,regardlessof不管,presence出席,absence缺席, 3)creature生物,species物种,

经典中文英文翻译

经典中文的英译 但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心,其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能曲,此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木,生于毫末,九层之台,起于累土;千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮,福之所依;福兮,祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇,引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月,低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.

十二天突破英汉翻译笔记

一天突破英文中定语从句的翻译(一) 4 英文中的介词可以翻成中文里的方位副词的动词 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有本书。 The teacher came into the classroom with a book and a dog.老师带着一本书和一只狗…… 6 一般8个单词以下定语从句前置,多于8个单词后置。定语从句翻译后置方法中,需要译出关系词。 63 非限制性定语从句需要后置译法,且翻译关系词。 7 循环套用1: 中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2+定语2的定语3+…… 翻译方法看长度: 定语1+2=3 前两者放在一起翻译 定语1=2+3 后两者放在一起翻译 14 循环套用2: 中心词+定语1+定语1的定语2 翻译时:2+1+含有中心词的句子 注: 10 which有时指前面整个句子; 14 有时定语从句远离先行词; where“在那里” 11 prior to(主张多用)=before 11 “其”是中文专门用来表示第三人称的词。 13 定语从句一般不可放在句首 13 被动语态:用“为”代替“被” 英汉差异: 13 英文中多用代词;中文多用名词,不怕重复 15 英文多用长句,不注重标定符号的使用;中文多用断句且多用标点 23 英文多用名词;中文多用动词(动词的过渡) 英译汉: 9 适时断句,避免长句 12 重要的句子在后面翻译,不重要的先翻译 15 适时增加表示逻辑关系的词,使句子更具逻辑性 第二天突破英文中定语从句的翻译(二) 18 并列套用:多个并列定语修饰一个中心词 后置译法,关系词只需译一次 18 本位词&外位词

本位词:这,这样,这些 外位词:被本位词所替代的部分 一般用定语从句的which/of来翻译本位词 ...women in novels were stereotype of lacking any features... 小说中的妇女都是这样一种模式,她们缺少…… This assumption rests on the fallacy of the ... 假设是基于这样一种谬论:…… 19 There are not a few of people. 有不少人。 There are very few people who would not like to do it. 没有多少人愿意做这件事情。 20 abnormally 不正常地;病态地;特别,尤其 21 短句翻译:剥洋葱 先次后主,有逗号 21 中文:事实+评论 英文:评论+事实 22 It is often said that...人们常说 it is believed that...人们相信 It is guessed that...人们猜测 It is thought that...人们认为 It is supposed that...人们推测 It is reported that...据报道 插入语 23 表示观点时,提到句首翻译 27 不表示观点时,保留在原来位置,用破折号连接 23 谓语动词的过渡 英译汉 keep one informed current events keep是过渡词,本身动词性很弱,它的存在是为了informed的存在,因此翻译时直接忽略keep翻译inform 汉译英 中文“副词+动词”——英文“副词变动词,动词变名词” 28 West Bejing人为划分的行政区域,西北京 Western Beijing自然地理意义上的范围,北京的西部 the West of Beijing不在北京范围内,北京的西边 29 一般英文的人名和地名都要求固定中文译法 White 怀特 Watt 瓦特 Walt 沃尔特

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课本翻译的答案(整理): Unit1 英译汉A 1.The college schedule is very different than the traditional high school schedule. Generally, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes. 大学的日程安排跟传统高中差别很大,通常大学课程有更多的灵活性。 2.The other cool thing about the college schedule is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests and passions. 大学日程安排还有一件事很酷,你通常有更多的机会发展自己的兴趣爱好。 3.There will always be some courses that are only offered on certain days at certain times, but for the most part, there are a lot of options to think about! 总有些课程是只在固定日子的固定时段开的,但是对于大多数课程,你有很多选择! 4.However, college is like high school in that you will have the opportunity to get involved by joining different clubs, organizations, and maybe even by getting a part-time job. 然而,在大学像在高中一样你有机会参加各种活动,加入不同的俱乐部和组织,甚至可能找到一份兼职。 5.Of course, the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students! 当然,要看一个大学生一天的真实生活是什么样的,最好的方式其实是拿到一些大学生的日程表。 B 1.caught a glimpse of him sitting in the car 2.in search of new opportunities 3.without my being aware of it 4.are involved in different extracurricular activities 5.but ignore others' feeling 汉译英 如今,中国共有大约2500万名大学生,是十年前的五倍,并且这个数字有望持续增长。中国设立的学位制度包括学士、硕士和博士三个学位等级(Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees)。中国的大学通常依据学生的高考(the National Higher Education Entrance Examination)成绩招生。公立大学对学生择优录取,被看做国家经济的主力。踌躇满志的学子们急切地等待考试结果,因为成绩能决定他们是否能进入著名的公立大学。 Today, there are about 25 million university students in China—five times the number a decade ago—and that number is expected to keep growing. China has set up a degree system, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees. Universities in China generally select their students based on students’performances in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination. Publicly run schools get their pick of the best students and are viewed as engines of the economy. Ambitious students eagerly await their exam results, which determine whether they can get into a prestigious public school.

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英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记:6.词组的翻译 英语专业研究生考试笔记,英汉翻译笔记: 第六部分词组的翻译 1.all+抽象名词/抽象名词+itself =very + adj. He was all gentleness to her.他对她非常温存。 To his superiors, he is humility itself。对于长辈,他极为谦逊。 分析:该结构原来是表示某种性质达到极点的一种说法,有“非常”、“尽管”、“一味”、“尽”的含义,有时甚至可以译为“。。。。的化身”、“。。。。的具体化”。普通复数名词用于“all”之后,也是表达这种概念。 He is all smiles.他一味地笑。 She is all eyes.她盯着看。 I am all anxiety.我真担心。 He is all attention.他全神贯注地听着。 2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) of Mr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲学家风范。 Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吴先生全无音乐家的风味。 Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陆先生大有诗人气派。 Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.刘先生几无学者风度。 分析:此为表示“程度”的形容词短语,有时可以当作副词翻译。 Something of =to some extent(某程度),在问句和条件句中则用anyting of(略有、多少)。nothing of译作“全无、毫无”。 相类似的情况: to be something of = to have something of + 名词+in +代名词 He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫无演说家的才能。 这类名词的用法,可以处理为副词。 He has seen something of life.他略具阅历。他稍阅世。 Something of 与something like区别:程度上有差异。 something like =something approximateing in character or amount指数量或性质略同的事物,又作somewhat(似乎、略微)解释。 This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。 It shaped something like a cigar.其形状略似雪茄 英语专业考研笔记:英汉翻译:5.同系宾语的英语翻译 英语专业研究生入学考试笔记:英语翻译:第五部分同系宾语 1. I dreamed a strange dream. 2.He slept the sleep that knows no waking. 3.I have fought a good fight. 一、在同系宾语上附有修饰形容词时,通常可换成态度副词。

实用英语翻译笔记8

?汉译英长句翻译的基本方法 ?合并法 ?正译法反译法 ?倒置法 ?插入法 例句: 1.我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单:我们出口商品就是为了满足国外客户 消费方面的需要。 The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are to meet the need of the consumption of our foreign customers. 1.农民缺乏培训,许多农场生产效率低,是的绝大多数人=农村人口在国内处于不利的 地位。 Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country. 1.也许有些人很可恶,有些人很卑鄙。而当我设身为他想象的时候,我才知道:他比 我还可怜。所以请原谅所有你见过的人,好人或者坏人。 Some may be wicked some may be despicable. Only when I put myself in his position did I know he is more miserable than me. So forgive all that you have met no matter what kind of persons they are. 1.我们用自己动手的方法,达到了丰衣足食的目的。 By using our own hands we have attained the obxxxxjective of ample food and clothing.

经典英语翻译汇总

In short,we must study happiness scientifically 总之,必须科学地研究这个问题。 This conclusion is grounded in scores of studies around the word 这一结论是从世界范围内的几十个调查研究中得出的。 And what we also are doing is showing off 我们同样也在卖弄 And (although we have been taught that it's bad to boast, that it's trashy to toot our own horn),that nice people don't strut their stuff,seek attention or name-drop,there are times when showing off maybe forgivable and maybe even acceptable 尽管有人教导我们说,自我吹嘘不好,自吹自擂没用,好人从不炫耀自己,从不出风头或借名人来抬高自己。然而,有些时候卖弄可以得到原谅,甚至是可以接受的。 “Oh,I don't know,”he replied,“but all of a sudden the talk started getting so superficial.” “哦,没什么,”他回答说,“不过,我感到话题一下子变得那么肤浅了。” Sometimes showoffs ask for cheers to which they're not entitled 有的时候,卖弄者们企求他们没资格得到的喝彩 For we know very well—I certainly know— that( if we'd been that lucky lady,we'd have worked our triumph into the conversation) 我们很清楚,假如我们是那位幸运的女士的话,我们就会想方设法把自己的胜利纳入话题,这一点我当然明白。 As a matter of fact,I'll lay my cards right on the table and confess that the first time some poems of mine were published,I not only worked my triumph into every conversation for months and months),but I also called almost every human being I'd ever known to proclaim the glad tidings both local and long distance. 其实,我可以坦白交代:当我诗歌首次发表时,我不仅成年累月地谈及此事,还不厌其烦地打电话给本地的和外地的几乎所有认识的人,宣告喜讯。 "Enough about me.Let's talk about you.So what do you think

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