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大学英语精读第十单元

Unit 10 Medical Ethics

Language Goals:

1.get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;

2.do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc. to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;

3.grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;

4.read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;

5.do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.

6.translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.

7. Make the students get familiar with the social problems.

8.Arouse the students’ interest in learning new knowledge.

Language Focal and Difficult Points:

1. Key words and phrases

verbs:advocate complicate dedicate evaporate inject overlap sway reproduce eradicate clone disgust gauge

nouns: euthanasia parliament license investigation ravage adoption fertilization layer offspring lung commentary carrier

adjectives and adverbs: humane involuntary overseas scant monk alert hereditary worthless

phases: add to appeal to attend to

as a result of dedicate to all but

break in bring up cover for

side effect speak up thanks to

dispose of make sense seek out

at risk live with outside of

Teaching Approaches:

It’s student-centered, based on the content, meaning and interest. Ways of lecturing, discussing, dictating, questioning and interacting are applied to achieve the most understanding of the text intended, text relating, peer feedback in writing, open questions for words and phrases. Teaching contents:

In-class reading: A License to Kill

After-class reading: Required Course: Beside Manner 101

Human Cloning, Don’t Just say No!

How the Gene Test Can Affect Your Insurance

Unit10, Book Four, New College English

Teaching procedures:

1.Period 1-2: 1)Preparation for the topic “Medical Ethics”

2) Listening practice and pre-reading activities

2. Period 3-4: Intensive study and exercises

3. Period 5-6: 1) Reading skill training and reading comprehension

2) Further development

3) Dictation of the words and phrases

4) Interactive activities by pair work, group-discussion

5) D ebate on “Medical Ethics”

Lecture notes:

I.Summary of the text

Here is a thorough discussion about “euthanasia” practice in Holland and gives an introduction to the “palliative care”. Holland is the only country that allows assisted suicide and euthanasia in the world. To guide the actions in ending someone’s life, the government issued strict guidelines for people to follow. The purpose was to empower the patients suffering from disease but it come out to be empowered to the doctors as

well. Some times the doctors end a person’s life without even asking his opinion. So the patient’s “right to die” be come a “duty to die”. At the same time, palliative care is hot widely known in Holland. According to the author, it is more acceptable and humane.

II. Study for the language points

1. advocate: n. a person who speaks or writes in support of a cause, person, etc.

e.g. He is a lifelong advocate of disarmament.

v. support or urge by argument, recommend publicly.

e.g. She advocates taking a more long-term view.

2. complicate: v. Make an illness worse

e.g. His breathing problem has been complicated by a chest infection.

e.g. Make something more difficult to understand or deal with.

e.g. The situation is complicated by the fact that I’ve got to work late on Friday.

3. dedicate:v. devote wholly to some purpose or person, give completely

e.g. she dedicated her life to medical research.

4. evaporate:v. gradually become weaker and eventually disappear com-politely

e.g. His anger evaporated as the misunderstanding was explained.

v. Change from a liquid or solid state into vapor, pass off in vapor

e.g. the sun evaporates The water.

5. imprison: v. put or keep somebody in prison

e.g. Several of the rioters were imprisoned for causing a disturbance.

6. inject:v. use a needle and syringe to put a liquid, such as a medicine, into a p erson’s body.

e.g. Doctors have been able to inject antibiotics into the blood stream for decades.

7.license: n. a reason or excuse to do something wrong or excessive

e.g. You must not see it as a license to trap people into an arrangement.

n. An official document which gives you permission to do, use, or own something

e.g. Don’t forget to bring your driving license.

8. overlap: v. cover something partly by extending over its edge

e.g. The tiles on the roof overlap one another.

9.overseas: adv. in, from, or to countries that are across the sea

e.g. Most applications came from overseas.

adj. coming from or happening abroad

e.g. Every year nine million overseas visitors come to London.

10.sway: v. change someone’s opinion or judgment, influence so meone

e.g. Don’t let him sway you from your decision.

v. move slowly from side to side

e.g. The ship swayed from side to side on the rough seas.

11.add to:make something such as a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable

e.g. He is given answers that only add to his confusion.

12.appeal to: be attractive to

e.g. he idea of becoming a successful businessman appeals to him.

13.as a result of: because of something that has happened

e.g. As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

14.attend to: care for or deal with someone or something

e.g. The doctors try to attend to the worst injured soldiers first.

15.be meant to: be thought, intended, or expected to

e.g. They are meant to be good cars.

16.charge someone with: accuse someone of

e.g. The doctor was charged with murdering his patient.

17.dedicate…to:devote…to

e.g. He decided to dedicate himself to the anti-nuclear movement.

18.have no option but to: have no alternative but to, have no choice but

e.g. Mr. Smith said he had no option but to leave the company.

III: Paraphrases of some difficult sentences

1. (L1-2) Advocates of assisted suicide and euthanasia find a role model in Holland, the only country that permits both practices. Paraphrase: Holland is the only country that says assisted suicide and euthanasia are legal behaviors. It sets up a role model for those who are in favor of these practices.

2. (L10-11) Approved by parliament, the guidelines ware meant to protect and empower terminally ill patients.

paraphrase: The parliament approved guidelines that were designed to protect the dying patients and give them the chance to choose their own destiny.

3. (L12-13) Though patients are supposed to decide for themselves, they are sometimes influenced by doctors.

paraphrase: It is thought that the patients are to decide for them selves, but sometimes doctors may influence their decision.

4. (L57-59) Dr. Robert Twycross, a leading British authority on palliative care recalls a cancer patient who drank excessively to escape the pain and mental distress caused by his ill ness and finally demanded to be put to death.

Paraphrase: A Leading British authority on palliative care recalls that there was a cancer patient who tried to stop the pain and release his mental distress by drinking a lot of wine. He in the end asked the doctor to stop his life.

IV. After-class reading

1．Required Course：Bedside Manner 101’

1） The main idea of the passage:

what should be the manner of doctors and nurses at the bedside of their patients? Some nurses may fell Sorry for not taking care of their patients

the last night before their death. Evidences show that there is a need to have a course for doctors and nurses to help them deal with their patients even better and make them feel even move comfortable. Someone like Dr. Bernie Siegel even wrote books on this Subject to tell their own experiences of dealing with

2）The Language Points:

1.mock：adj. not real but similar to the real thing

e.g. The general wanted to conduct a mock battle to train the soldiers.

v. to treat with ridicule or contempt

e.g. although he failed in the moths test, it was wrong to mock his efforts. mock at

2.ravage：v. destroy or damage very badly

e.g. An incurable skin disease has ravaged his once-handsome face.

3.all but: almost

e.g. The game was all but over by the time we arrived.

4.back away from：move backwards away from someone in fear or dislike

e.g. James got to his feet and started to come over, but the girls hastily backed away.

5.break in ：interrupt someone’s conversation or activity

e.g. Please don’t break in on our conversation.

6.bring up：introduce a particular subject into a discussion or conversation

e.g. Don’t bring up that old subject again.

7.cover for： do the work that someone else usually does because they are ill or not present

e.g. She did not have enough nurses to cover for those who went ill or took holiday.

8.intimidate: frighten or threaten someone into (doing) something in order to make them do something against their wishes

e.g. The shooter intimidated a witness into silence by pointing at him with a gun.

9.keep someone apart/away from: cause someone not to go near

e.g. Police warned bystanders to keep apart/away from the blazing buildings.

10.side effect： an unwanted effect which happens in addition to an intended effect

e.g. Reported side effects of this drug are heightened blood pressure and headaches.

11.speak up： state clearly and freely what one thinks

e.g. Those who are suffering from distress should speak up.

12.take up： fill or occupy the specified space or time

e.g. Her time is fully taken up with writing.

13.thanks to： because of

e.g. Thanks to fine acting by all the cast, the play succeeded.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a410710178.html,her in：bring something into existence, introduce something new

e.g. Children ushered in the First of June.

3）Paraphrases of some difficult sentences:

1. (L1-2) Connie Cronin is the kind of nurse who loves to work the overnight shift on Christmas Eve to usher in the holiday with her patients.

Paraphrase: Connie Cronin loves to work the overnight shift welcoming the Christmas Holiday together with his patients.

2. (L16-18) As the conference title suggests most health professionals agree on the need for doctors and nurses alike to practice better bedside manners during increasingly short sessions with patients. Paraphrase:From the meaning of the meeting’s title, most doctors and nurses agree that both doctors and nurses or the like need to learn and use better skill and attitude towards their patients because the time are getting shorter and shorter.

3. (L35-37) Many people suffer from what medical professionals call the “good-patient syndrome”, a reluctance to toke up a Norse’s time or a fear that a complaint isn’t worth mentioning.

Paraphrase:Many people have the problem of what is called by doctors and nurses the “good-patient syndrome”, that’s to say, they are unwilling to take up a nurse’s time or maybe they are afraid that what they say about their un comfortable would be worth nothing to mention.

2. Human cloning, Don’t Just say NO!

1) The main idea of the passage:

Scientists have cloned sheep and other animals. Will humans be cloned next? Will cloning of a human threaten human society and dignity? While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity? No one has made a persuasive case that it would do any real harm. A moratorium on further research into human cloning might make sense, in order to consider the grave questions it raises.

2) The language points:

1.adoption: n. the legal process where non-biological parents or a non-biological parent becomes the legal guardian of a child.

e.g. The dying mother had to offer her child for adoption.

2.clone: v. make an exact copy of a plant or animal by taking a cell from and developing if artificially

e.g. The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to science fiction.

3.disgust:

n. a feeling of very strong dislike or disapproval

e.g. he execution of political opponents aroused widespread disgust. v. make someone feel a strong sense of dislike and disapproval

e.g. The candidate’s dirty joke disgusted many voters.

4.eradicate: v. get rid of something completely

e.g. We should take positive efforts to eradicate every trace of discrimination.

5.infertile:adj. unable to breed or reproduce, barren (of soil) of poor quality so that plants cannot grow in it

e.g. The polluted waste is often dumped, making the surrounding land infertile.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a410710178.html,yer: n.

(1). Different levels or parts of something, such as a system or an idea, and the way they are added together or hide each other

e.g. The study looked at ways to eliminate the present layers of bureaucracy.

(2). A thickness of some material laid on or spread over a sur-face

e.g. A fine layer of dust covers everything in the room.

7.reproduce: v.

(1). (Of living things) produce offspring by natural means

e.g. Most plants reproduce by seeds.

(2). Produce a copy of something or show or do something again

e.g. The car design unfortunately reproduced some of the problems of the earlier model.

8.scrutiny: n. careful and thorough examination

e.g. His work looks good, but it will not bear close scrutiny.

9.twisted: adj. warped, strange in an unpleasant way

e.g. The letter showed horribly clearly the workings of a twisted mind.

10.dispose of: get rid of

e.g. all the old furniture has been disposed o

11.make sense: be sensible, be reasonable

e.g. It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.

12.pass on … to: hand or give something to someone else

e.g. Pass the book on to me when you have finished with it.

13.seek out: look for someone or something until you find them

e.g. Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe.

14.stand a chance of doing…be likely to do …

e.g. She didn’t stand a chance of winning.

15.take a chance (on something):attempt to do something in spite of the possibility of failure, take a risk

e.g After a sleepless night, he decided to take a chance on opening his own company selling computer components.

16.at the prospect of/that:

e.g. He felt happy at the prospect that he would succeed.

3）Paraphrases of some difficult sentences:

1. (L7-8) While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity, no one has yet made a persuasive case that it would do any read harm, either.

Paraphrase: Though human Cloning may not bring valuable benefits to the humankind, no one can justify that it will do any harm to us.

2. (L17-18) Many of the science fiction scenarios Prompted by the prospect of human cloning turn out, upon reflection, to be absurdly improbable. Paraphrase: Many of the science fiction films based on the idea of human cloning are actually improbable when considered carefully.

3. (L34-36) But a cloned child born to such dubious Parents stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved, or rejected, or warps than a child normally conceived.

Paraphrase: a cloned child born to such parents will be treated the same way as a child normally conceived.

3. How the Gene Test Can Affect your Insurance

1） The main idea of the passage

This is a text mainly about gene test; a method used quite often today in many developed countries. No one would argue the advantages of gene test, but no one can guarantee the privacy of genetic in formation There may arise questions such as “H ow often is genetic information used against people?” Not surprisingly, people from high-risk. Families have come to fear tests as much as the disease. If some one is diagnosed having a certain kind of hereditary disease, he may have the danger of losing

his health and life insurance. But there are steps being taken by the government and the lawmakers. It may work properly for people if used properly.

2）The language Points:

1.alert: v. cause to be on guard, warn

e.g. The general manager alerted the staff to the crisis facing the company.

adj. paying full attention to things around you and able to deal with anything that might happen

e.g. We are very alert to the dangers of operating a nuclear power station.

2.carrier: n.

(1). The bearer of a defective gene

e.g. His mother must be a carrier of color-blindness.

(2). a vehicle that is used for carrying people, especially soldiers, or things

e.g. There were armored personnel carrier and tanks on the streets.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/a410710178.html,mentary: n.

(1). Anything serving to illustrate a point, prompt a realization, or exemplify

e.g. The dropout rate is a sad commentary on our school system.

(2). a description of an event on radio or television while the event is taking place

e.g. That program will include live commentary on the England-Ireland game.

4.developmental:adj. relating to the development of someone or something

e.g. The first year is a vital period of developmental growth.

5.disclose: v. make something known

e.g. Neither side would disclose details of the trans-action.

6.gauge: v. appraise, estimate, or judge

e.g. It was difficult to gauge how people would respond to this policy.

7.leery: adj. cautious and suspicious about something and tending to avoid

e.g. They were leery about investing in a company con-trolled by a single individual.

8.malady: n. an illness or disease

e.g. All the rose bushes seem to be suffering from the same mysterious malady.

9.offspring:n. someone’s child or children

e.g. How do parents pass genes on to their offspring?

10.worthless: adj. having no value or usefulness

e.g. The goods are often worthless by the time they arrive.

11.alert: someone to something make someone aware of something, especially a dangerous or unpleasant situation

e.g. An anonymous letter alerted police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport.

12.ar risk: threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc., in danger

e.g. A young woman out alone at night is at risk.

13.bar someone from (doing) something: prevent someone from doing or using something

e.g. he was barred from (entering) the competition because of her age.

14.deprive someone of something:take something away from someone, prevent someone from enjoying or using something

e.g. As a punishment, the naughty boy was temporarily deprived of his friends’ co mpany.

15.live with… accept or tolerate something

e.g. I’m sorry your tooth is hurting but you’ll just have to live with it until we get you to the dentist.

16.outside of: except for, apart from

e.g. Outside of us three, no one knows anything about the problem.

17.scare someone off:make someone leave, stay away, etc. by frightening or alarming them

e.g. He scared people off by being so rude.

18.take steps to do something:take a series of actions in order to achieve

a desired result

e.g. The government is taking steps to control the rising crime rate. 3）Paraphrases of some difficult sentences:

1. (L12-15) Prospective Parents who discover they’re silent carriers of the gene for a disease like Tay-Sachs, which causes death by the age of 3, can make better-informed decision about whether and how to have kids.

Paraphrase:When these couples who are going to have a baby find out that they are certain gene disease carriers, they can make better decision about whether they showed have a baby or how to have one.

2. (L27-28) One respondent was denied a job selling insurance after he disclosed that he had a hereditary disease that can be treated for about $1,200 a year.

Paraphrase: One person who was interviewed lost his work selling insurance after he told the other people that he had a hereditary disease and that disease will cost him $1,200 a year.

3. (L29-31) A social worker who had excelled during her first year at

a Wisconsin healthcare company was quickly forced out mentioning that her uncle had Hunting ton’s, a brain disease that victims’ offspring have a 50 percent chance of developing.

paraphrase: there was a social worker who did a good job in her first year working at Wisconsin company taking care of people’s health or the kind. After she had told other people that her uncle had Huntington’s disease, a kind of brain disease that can have 50pevcent chance of picking up by their children, she was forced to leave her job to other people.

V. Further Development

1.Make the students work in groups to discuss: Is euthanasia humane?

Give the reasons.

2.work in groups to discuss: Do you want to be cloned? Why?

3.write a composition on one of the following topics:

1) Is Euthanasia Humane?

2) Should Human cloning Be Banned?

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Lesson One Half a Day Naguib Mahfous 1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. 2. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops: pears, and date palms. 3. "Why school ?" I asked my father. "What have I done ?" 4. "I'm not punishing you, " he said, laughing. "School's not a punishment. It's a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don' t you want to be useful like your brothers?" 5. I was not convinced. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. 6. When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. "Go in by yourself, " said my father, "and join them. Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others. " 7. I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him. "Be a man, " he said. "Today you truly begin life. You will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave. " 8. I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, "Who brought you?" 9. "My father, " I whispered. 10. "My father's dead, " he said simply. 11. I did not know what to say. The gate was now closed. Some of the children burst into tears. The bell rang. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. The men began sorting us into ranks. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. 12. "This is your new home, "said the woman. "There are mothers and fathers here, too. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here. So dry your tears and face life joyfully. " 13. Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. From the first moments I made many friends and fell in love with many girls. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences. 14. We played all sorts of games. In the music room we sang our first songs. We also had our first introduction to language. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries. We started learning numbers, and we were told the story of the Creator of the universe. We ate delicious food, took a little nap, and woke up to go on with friendship and love, playing and learning. 15. Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded. We had to be observant and patient. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to

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大学英语精读第三版第一册答案Unit1 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development

14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 1) additional 2) add 3) addition 4) addition 1) effectively 2) effect 3) effective 4) effect 1) helpful 2) help 3) helpless 4) help 5) helplessly 6) helpfully 7) helpful 1) reliant 2) reliable 3) reliance reliable 4) relies 5) reliably 6) 1) repetition 2) repeating 3) repeatedly 4) repeated 5) repetition 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today's papers 5) In most doctors' opinion According to most doctors 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer.

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Page 39 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident. Sth. seems (to be) + adj.(表) + to sb. 2.We looked around. There wasn't a building standing in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything. Sth. /sb. +（seem + to do）复合谓语3.He seems to be in low spirits these days. Sth./Sb. + seem to be + 表语 wonder why. I think it's because he doesn't seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates. Sb. + seem to do sth There seems to be 4.What are you looking for, Dick? I seem to have lost my key. How annoying! 5.If you find that a word doesn't seem to

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U 1 NEW WORDS average n. ordinary普通的；中等的 intelligenc e n. ability to learn and understand智力 necessarily ad. inevitably必定 case n. what has really happened; actual condition实情 additiona l a. added 加的，额外的n. addition weekly a.done or happening every week 每周的；一周一次的 schedule n. timetable时间表 chart n.(sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture图（表） commit vt.指定 ... 用于 aside ad. to the side在旁边；到（向）一边etc(Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等 normal a. usual 正常的，正规的，标准的 reading n.the act or practice of reading阅读 assignment n. sth. given out as a task(布置的 )作业 occupy n.take up占用 relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement休息，娱乐 relax v. 放松，休息，休养 hobby n. what one likes to do in one's free time业余爱好 entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娱乐 entertain vt. 娱乐，招待，款待 solve vt. find an answer to (a problem)解决（问题） aware a. having knowledge or understanding知道的；意识到的 furthermore ad. moreover; in addition而且；此外 enable vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使（某人）能（做某事） activity n.sth. (to be) done活动 adequate a. as much as one needs; enough充分的；足够的 distraction n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心（或分散注意力）的事物 concentrate (on or upon)vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注（于） skim vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略读 preview vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand预习 content n.what is written in a book, etc.内容 organize vt. form into a whole组织 later ad. 后来；以后 skip vt. pass over略过 portion n. part; share一部分；一份