自考综合英语二 上册 14课单词学习1

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cipher n. 零（即0）；密码；无足轻重的人(also cypher)

[U, C]a secret way of writing, especially one in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others: a message in cipher

[C](formal, disapproving) a person or thing of no importance: To her employers she was a mere cipher, with no human feelings at all

(BrE) the first letters of sb's name combined in a design and used to mark things: The glasses were engraved wi t h the Queen's cipher.

biting adj. 刺骨的

(of a wind) very cold and unpleasant

bitingly adverb

snowy adj. 下雪的

(of a period of time) when a lot of snow falls: a snowy weekend ◆ The weather in January is often cold and snowy.

short adv. 突然

if you go short of or run short of sth, you do not have enough of it: I'd never let you go short of anything. ◆ Mothers regularly go short of food to ensure their children have enough. ◆ They had run short of (= used most of their supply of) fuel.

not as far as you need or expect: All too often you pitch the ball short.

before the time expected or arranged; before the natural time: a career tragically cut short by illness ◆ I'm afraid I'm going to have to stop you short there, as time is running out.

stumble vi. 跌绊

verb[V]

~ (over / on sth) to hi t your foot against sth while you are walking or running and almost fall: The child stumbled and fell. ◆I stumbled over a rock.

snowbank n. 雪堆，雪堤

curb n 马路沿

(AmE) = KERB

the edge of the raised path at the side of a road, usually made of long pieces of stone: The bus mounted the kerb (= went onto the pavement / sidewalk) and hi t a tree.

hollow adj. 凹陷的

having a hole or empty space inside: a hollow ball / centre / tube ◆ The tree trunk was hollow inside. ◆ Her stomach felt hollow with fear.

(of parts of the face) sinking deeply into the face: hollow eyes / cheeks ◆ hollow-eyed from lack of sleep

scared adj. 惊慌的，恐慌的

~ (of sb/sth)

~ (of doing sth)

~ (to do sth)

~ (that ...) frightened of sth or afraid that st h bad might happen: She is scared of going out alone. ◆ He's scared of heights. ◆People are scared to use the buses late at night. ◆ I'm scared (that) I'm going to fall. ◆ The thieves got scared and ran away. ◆

a scared face / look ◆ I was scared to death (= very frightened).

◆ We were scared stiff (= very frightened). AFRAID

quiet vi. 平静下来

~ (sb/sth) (down) (especially AmE) to become calmer or less noisy; to make sb/sth calmer or less noisy: [V] The demonstrators quieted down when the police arrived. ◆[VN] He's very good at quieting the kids.

half-whisper vi. 低语

principal n. 校长

(BrE) the person who is in charge of a college or a university: Peter Brown, principal of St John's college

favourite adj. 最喜爱的

(BrE) (AmE favorite)liked more than others of the same kind: It's one of my favourite movies. ◆ Who is your favourite writer? Idioms:sb's favourite son a performer, politician, sports player, etc., who is popular where they were born

mutter vi. 轻声低语，喃喃而语~ (sth) (to sb / yourself) (about sth) to speak or say sth in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear, especially because you are annoyed about sth: [V speech] 'How dare she,' he muttered under his breath. ◆[V] She just sat there muttering to herself. ◆[VN] I muttered something about needing to get back to work. [also V that]

blindly adv. 盲目地，无目的地without being able to see what you are doing: She groped blindly for the light switch in the dark room.

without thinking about what you are doing: He wanted to decide for himself instead of blindly following his parents' advice.

BLIND

stepfather n. 继父

the man who is married to your mother but who is not your real father

untie vt. 解开

[VN]to undo a knot in sth; to undo sth that is tied: to untie a knot ◆ I quickly untied the package and peeped inside. ◆ He untied the rope and pushed the boat into the water. ◆ She untied his hands and let him go.

apron n. 围裙

a piece of clothing worn over the front of the body, from the chest or the waist down, and tied around the waist. Aprons are worn over other clothes to keep them clean, for example when cooking.

dumb adj. 哑的

(old-fashioned, sometimes offensive) unable to speak: She was born deaf and dumb.

Help Note:Dumb used in this meaning is old-fashioned and can be offensive. It is better to use speech-impaired instead.

temporarily not speaking or refusing to speak: We were all struck dumb with amazement. ◆We all sat there in dumb silence. obituary n. 讣告

(plural obituaries) an article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after they have died: an obituary column / notice

bare adj. 光的，空白的

not covered by any clothes: She likes to walk around in bare feet. ◆ They wore shabby clothes and their feet were bare.

(of trees or countryside) not covered wi t h leaves; wi t hout plants or trees: the bare branches of winter trees ◆ a bare mountainside ◆ We looked out over a bare, open landscape, stripped of vegetation.

(of surfaces) not covered wi t h or protected by anything: bare wooden floorboards ◆ Bare wires were sticking out of the cable.

◆ The walls were bare except for a clock.

(of a room, cupboard, etc.) empty: The fridge was completely bare. ◆ bare shelves ◆ a room bare of furniture

[only before noun]just enough; the most basic or simple: The family was short of even the bare necessities of life. ◆ We only had the bare essentials in the way of equipment. ◆ He did the bare minimum of work but still passed the exam. ◆ She gave me only the bare facts of the case. ◆ It was the barest hint of a smile. ◆ Nothing more is known apart from the bare statement issued to the press. NAKED

bareness noun [U]

mock vt. 使（努力、力量等）无效，使挫折；嘲笑，愚弄

to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do: [VN] He's always mocking my French accent. ◆The other children mocked her, laughing behind their hands. ◆[V] You can mock, but at least I'm willing to have a try! [also V speech, VN speech]

[VN](formal) to show no respect for sth: The new exam mocked the needs of the majority of children.

legally adj 合法地，在法律上[only before noun]connected with the law: the legal profession / system ◆ to take / seek legal advice ◆ a legal adviser ◆ legal costs / expenses ◆ They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts.

allowed or required by law: The driver was more than three times over the legal limit (= the amount of alcohol you are

allowed to have in your body when you are driving). ◆ Should euthanasia be made legal?

Antonym: ILLEGAL LAWFUL

legally adverb: a legally binding agreement ◆ to be legally responsible for sb/sth ◆ You are legally entitled to a full refund. ◆Legally, there is not a lot we can do.

adopt vt. 收养

child

to take sb else's child into your family and become i t s legal parent(s): [V] a campaign to encourage childless couples to adopt ◆[VN] to adopt a child ◆ She was forced to have her baby adopted.

half-brother n. 同母异父兄弟，或同父异母兄弟

a person's half-brother is a boy or man wi t h either the same mother or the same father as they have

timid adj. 胆小的

shy and nervous; not brave: He stopped in the doorway, too timid to go in. ◆They've been rather timid in the changes they've made (= they've been afraid to make any big changes). ◆ 'May I come in?' she asked in a timid voice. ◆ Deer are naturally timid creatures.

timidity noun [U]

timidly adverb

attack n. 攻击；抨击

violence

[C, U]~ (on sb) an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill sb: a series of racist attacks ◆ A child is recovering in hospital after a serious attack by a stray dog.

in war

[C, U]~ (on sb/sth) an act of trying to kill or injure the enemy in war, using weapons such as guns and bombs: to launch / make / mount an attack ◆ The patrol came under attack from all side criticism

[C, U]~ (on sb/sth) strong criticism of sb/sth in speech or in writing: a scathing attack on the government's policies ◆ The school has come under attack for failing to encourage bright pupils.

uncooperative adj. 不合作的

not willing to be helpful to other people or do what they ask: The witness was extremely uncooperative. ◆ She was an aggressive and uncooperative child.

Antonym: COOPERATIVE

learner n. 学习者

a person who is finding out about a subject or how to do sth: a slow / quick learner ◆ a dictionary for learners of English ◆learner-centred teaching methods ◆ young / adult learners ◆ a language learner

(also learner driver) a person who is learning to drive a car: Learners are not allowed on the motorway.

slow-witted adj. 笨的，反应慢的

not able to think quickly; slow to learn or understand things Antonym: QUICK-WITTED

resilience n. 恢复力，回弹

noun[U]

the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant, such as shock, injury, etc: He showed great courage and resilience in fighting back from a losing position to win the game.

the ability of a substance to return to its original shape after it has been bent, stretched or pressed: the natural beauty and resilience of wool

typewriter n. 打字机

a machine that produces writing similar to print. I t has keys that you press to make metal letters or signs hit a piece of paper through a strip of fabric covered with ink: an electronic typewriter ◆ a typewriter ribbon

slam vt. 使劲关，砰然关闭

verb(-mm-)

to shut, or to make sth shut, with a lot of force, making a loud noise: [V] I heard the door slam behind him. ◆ A window slammed shut in the wind. ◆[VN] He stormed out of the house, slamming the door as he left. ◆[VN-ADJ] She slammed the lid shut. ◆ She slammed out of the room (= went out and slammed the door behind her).

skinny adj. 瘦削的，无肉的(informal, usually disapproving) very thin, especially in a way that you find unpleasant or ugly: skinny arms / legs

(of clothes) designed to fit closely to the body: a skinny sweater

faded adj. 褪色的

verb

to become or to make sth become paler or less bright: [V] All colour had faded from the sky. ◆ The curtains had faded in the sun. ◆[VN] The sun had faded the curtains. ◆ He was wearing faded blue jeans.

[V]~ (away) to disappear gradually: Her smile faded. ◆ Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away. ◆ His voice faded to a whisper (= gradually became quieter). ◆ The laughter faded away. ◆ All other issues fade into insignificance compared with the struggle for survival. ◆ Summer was fading into autumn. veil v. 以纱遮掩

verb[VN]

to cover your face with a veil

(literary) to cover sth with sth that hides it partly or completely: A fine drizzle began to veil the hills. ◆ eyes veiled with tears exclude vt. 排除，不包括

~ sth (from sth) to deliberately not include sth in what you are doing or considering: The cost of borrowing has been excluded from the inflation figures. ◆Try excluding sugar and fat from your diet. ◆ Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.

Antonym: INCLUDE

believing adj. 相信他人的；信以为实的undoubtedly adv. 无疑

[usually before noun]used to emphasize that sth exists or is definitely true: undoubted difficulties / problems ◆ She has an undoubted talent as an organizer.

undoubtedly adverb: There is undoubtedly a great deal of truth in what he says.

student-body n.[C]学生机构

AmE all of the students in a high school, college, or university, considered as a group

committee n. 委员会

[C+sing./pl. v.]a group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject: She's on the management committee. ◆ The committee has / have decided to close the restaurant. ◆ a committee member / a member of the committee ◆ a committee meeting ◆ The player was fined by the disciplinary committee.

lead n. 铅

[U](Symbol Pb) a chemical element. Lead is a heavy soft grey metal, used especially in the past for water pipes or to cover roofs.

resolution n. 决心

[U]the quality of being resolute or determined

Synonym: RESOLVE

The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution of one man. ◆ Her resolution never faltered.

[C]~ (to do sth) a firm decision to do or not to do sth: She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often. ◆ Have you made any New Year's resolutions (= for example, to give up smoking from 1 January)?

scrounge vi. 四处搜寻

~ (sth) (off / from sb)

~ (for sth) (informal, disapproving) to get sth from sb by asking them for it rather than by paying for it

Synonym: SPONGE

[VN]He's always scrounging free meals off us. ◆ Can I scrounge

a cigarette from you? ◆[V] What is she scrounging for this time?

◆ I don't want to spend the rest of my life scrounging off other people.

scrounger noun: a campaign against welfare scroungers unfamiliar adj. 陌生的，不熟悉的

~ (to sb) that you do not know or recognize: an unfamiliar feeling / place / sound ◆ Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you.

~ with sth not having any knowledge or experience of sth: an introductory course for students who are unfamiliar with computers

nobody n. 无足轻重的人

noun(plural nobodies) a person who has no importance or influence

Synonym: NONENTITY

She rose from being a nobody to become a superstar.

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