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2020高考英语语法填空:解题技巧

2020高考英语语法填空:解题技巧
2020高考英语语法填空:解题技巧

语法填空解题技巧

卷名体裁考点

名词/

数词

代词冠词

介词、动

词短语

形容词

、副词

谓语

动词

非谓语

动词

并列连

词、复合

句及其他2019

课标

全国Ⅰ

说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2018 说明文 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2017 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 2016 记叙文 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2015 记叙文 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 2014 议论文 1 0 1 4 1 1 2 合计7 3 4 5 13 9 12 7 2018

课标

全国Ⅱ

说明文 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2017 说明文 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 2016 说明文 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 2015 说明文 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 2014 记叙文0 1 64 2 2 3 1 合计 6 2 4 5 10 8 10 5

2018

课标

全国Ⅲ

记叙文 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2017 记叙文 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 2016 说明文 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 合计 4 1 2 3 3 5 7 5

①语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空,考查根据上下文选择合适单词形

式的能力。

②语法填空考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种(数量比一般为7:3)。给出提示

词主要是实词形式的转换,不给提示词主要是根据上下文填入合适虚词。

③语法填空挖空一般比较均匀,所挖的空不会影响学生对短文的整体理解。

④对形容词、副词,非谓语动词及并列句、复合句的考查已成为语篇型填空的热点。

⑤在未来高考语篇型填空中,对动词(谓语动词、非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词的考

查仍会是考试热点;对于介词、动词短语、复合句的考查仍会是考试的难点。

教师说明:通过纵横填字谜的游戏告诉学生:语法填空和字谜类似,都是根据提供的线索来补充完整空格。

一、如何备考语法填空

常见搭配

+基本句型和句子成分

有提示词 无提示词

多阅读培养语篇理解能力

二、阅读理解的解题方法

习惯

无提示词

无提示词,只能在空白处填入1个单词,填入单词的词性为冠词、介词、连词、不定代词、助动词、情态动词(口诀:冠介连代助)。每个词性最多考一次,具体内容如下:

一、冠词、形容词性物主代词或限定词

弄清句子结构,设空处后为名词或名词短语,设空处为名词的定语,又无提示词,可确定设空处应填冠词(a、an、the)、形容词性物主代词(如:my、your 等)或限定词(如:other,another,either,both等)。

即学即练

①One way that Americans do this is with firm hand shake.

②Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.

③I earn 10 dollars hours as supermarket cashier on Saturday.

④I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.

⑤To say is one thing, but to do is thing.

二、介词

?注意搭配问题,见“高频动词&介词短语集锦”

?设空后是名词、动名词或what从句

即学即练

①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ the average.

②She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.

③Many of the things we mow benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.

④The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.

⑤Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.

⑥It will be finished an hour.

⑦He returned a few days.

三、连词

考察并列连词(and, but, or,so,for,because,when,while等)和从属连词(复合句)

[解题技巧]

?连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and, or, but等。

?若一个句子中有两个句子(即有两个主谓结构),且没有连词,那空格处必定是填连词。

?根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。

即学即练

①Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

②It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

③Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.

④When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables, and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.

⑤One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.

四、代词

[解题技巧]

?当句子缺主语或宾语时,多半考查的是代词。代词的考点有指示代词和不定代词等。

?有的不定代词,如another, the other,many,much, either, neither,both,any,all, each 等还可以在名词前作定语。若名词前缺少定语时,根据意义和用法,以及主谓一致等,填入一个恰当代词。

?替代词it,that, those,one

?it 的用法

(1)替代前面提到的同一事物

(2)替代前面整句话的内容。

(3)指动物、婴儿,或在情景中确认的某人

(4)指时间、距离、气候、环境等

(5)作形式主语或形式宾语

(6)用于 it is..that..强调结构中

While some complaints might be reasonable,

are taken from thin air.

② Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a mew life for herself.

③ In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from in the UK. ④ She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked and moved to Cambridge. ⑤ A smile costs , but gives much.

五、情态动词和助动词

[解题技巧]

? 如果空格后面是动词原形,则考查的是情态动词或助动词do 表强调。 ? 如果句首有否定词,则可能考查的是倒装助动词。 ① “Hello,”she said, hesitantly.“This sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much like her.”

② Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. ③ It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. ④ He come but soon went back.

有提示词

有提示词的需要选择给出单词的适当形式填空,填入单词数在 1~3 个词,给提示词的单词为实词:动词、形容词或副词、名词和人称代词。

一、给出动词原形

必考点,通常不止考一处。 [解题技巧]

? 词性转换:根据句子成分需要,把动词变成名词、形容词,做题方法见“四”; ? 动词本身:一看是与非,二看主与被,三看定形式,四看主一致

即学即练

即学即练

一看是与非:分析句子结构,确定是谓语还是非谓语。 如缺谓语动词,则考查动词的时态和语态。

二看主与被:看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态。

三看定时态:根据语境或时间状语判断用哪种时态,如语境和时间不明显,则与上下句时态一致。

四看主一致:注意主谓一致。

① Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve). ② It could be anything

—gardening, cooking, music, sports —but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

③ In recent years, stress (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.

④ Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (exhaust ) shoulder.

⑤ I had difficulty (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.

⑥ A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

⑦ I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued.

⑧ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be)more

即学即练

effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.

二、给出形容词或副词

℃℃℃℃℃℃是高频考点,当给出形容词或副词时,往往要求写出形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式;有时考查形容词与副词之间的转换。

[解题技巧]

?℃℃℃℃℃

根据句子结构定词性℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃副还修句形

形修名副修动:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词

副还修句形:副词还可以修饰句子、形容词和副词。

?三级:有表示范围的in of/among介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级

℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃ ℃℃℃℃℃℃ more, most careful more

careful

most

careful 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化

℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃good/well better best many/ much more most bad/badly worse worst

old older℃℃℃℃℃℃℃

elder℃℃℃℃℃℃oldest℃℃℃℃℃℃℃eldest℃℃℃℃℃℃

little less least

far farther℃℃℃℃℃

further℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃farthest℃℃℃℃℃furthest℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃

口诀:两好两坏和两多,一老一少和距离。

①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of (great) and less importance.

②Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

③One of my (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.

④The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.

⑤In addition to their simple beauty, what makes them admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

⑥According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of (globe)fertilizer consumption.

三、给出名词和代词

[解题技巧]

?根据题干的语法结构,特别是空前的限定词判断词性。冠词、代词、数词、形容词等后应用名词。

?名词单复数、所有格

?人称代词五格变化

即学即练

即学即练

①This (move) to cities is called urbanization.

②He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.

③Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.

④On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.

⑤Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

⑥ A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s (I).”

⑦Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work.

四、词性或词形转化

词性转化多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与名词间的相互转化,形容词与动词间的相互转化,动词与名词间的相互转化等。常考的词性转化见“高频词义转换集锦”。

[解题技巧]

第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。比如,修饰动词、形容词或副词或修饰整个句子作状语,用副词;作主语或宾语,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。

第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意:有时不但要注意词性转化,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺;而且要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。

【例1】Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

解析:在形容词性物主代词her后,用名词或动名词形式,而空后有of 短语作定语,所以填名词choice。

【例2】Despite Crabtree’s professional and family success, those around her had noted her

(satisfy) with not finishing school.

解析:由空前的her和空后的with可分析出,此处应该用satisfy的名词形式satisfaction,而空后的not finishing school则进一步暗示,Crabtree对此并不满意,故用否定含义的名词

dissatisfaction。

解题四步走

(一)浏览全文把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。考生只有从文本的意义、结构、文化等不同层面感悟语法规律,实践和应用语言知识。

(二)边读边填先易后难

在通读全文,基本了解文章大意之后,就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空,先跳过去,等检查时再仔细对付,不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

(三)验证复查清除难点

有时间的话,进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是:将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读,以最后确定答案。

无℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃

℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃℃

℃℃℃

2019年高考英语语法填空专题复习(含答案)

2019年高考英语语法填空实战模拟 (名师精剖析解题技巧与方法+实战练习,值得下载练习) 篇一:语法填空答题技巧 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形,设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或 词类转化。其解题步骤为: 全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me,pandas are its top __61__(attract).[典例1][2016· [剖析]考查名词。句意:对于像我一样的游客,大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词 top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016· 全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

[剖析]include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知,动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语,故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化;形容词与动词间的相互转化;动词与名词间的相互转化等。其 解题步骤为: 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony [典例1][2016· in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve). [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒:1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时,也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知,此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……,就越……”,故答案为harder。 2.括号中所给词为名词时,有可能不是考查词性转换,而是考查单复数。 [典例2]...for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知,此处应填名词,由谓语动词are和require可知此处 应用复数形式changes。 3.有个别空可能是词义转换题,词性不一定要变,主要是考查与词根意义相 反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-,im-等,在词根

高中英语语法填空技巧及口诀

高中英语语法填空技巧及口诀 1英语语法填空技巧 1、名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例:there are many students living at school, the(child)houses are all far from schoo1. 由students一词能够判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的 所有格children’s。 2、动词形式变化。 动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓 语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例:a talk(give)tomorrow is written by profess or zhang. 句中的iswritten是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词理应用作非谓语。从tomorrow能够看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报 告是give动作的承受者,故能够判断出横线所在处用give的不定式 被动式——to be given。 3、代词形式变化。 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化相关的三大类五小类,即人称代词 (主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有 几个不定代词的形式变化,如noone/none、other/another等。 例:the kingd ecided to see the painter by(he). 由介词by能够看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。

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2020高考英语语法填空全归纳

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