上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译

考研真题

一、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题及详解

I. Translate the following into Chinese（75分）

The Short March

By BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008 Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new

developments

On a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now —very much a work in progress.

We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45

km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workers building this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.

I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river.

I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the Standard

Chartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.

Best Years of Their Lives

For the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, there is another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.

This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities”in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing is

happening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight —is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.

The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but it’s compelling enough. The effects of China’s suburbanization are just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. It’s easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity prices—steel, copper, lumber, oil—when you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of a ton of copper wiring. There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, “we’re only at the very beginning of this in China.”

【参考译文】

短行军

比尔·鲍威尔，星期四，2008年2月14日

当地人在新淞江发展区门外卖农产品

一年前的一个寒冷阴暗的下午，我站在我们距离上海市区一小时车程的尚在建设中的新房的地板上，陷入了沉思，我的妻子是上海本地人，我在2004年春天离开纽约来到中国，两年半以后我们做了这个决定。我们在上海郊区一个叫新淞江的地方购置了一套三层五居室的别墅，新淞江当时，可以说直到现在，一直在飞速发展。

那天我们来这里是为了查看工程进度。我们的房子和翡翠河畔的其他约140套房子都在建设中。翡翠河畔坐落在黄浦江的一条支流上，黄浦江在这里的东北方向约28英里（48千米），它将上海分隔成两块。在这个沉闷的下午，我凝视着河对岸几里外唯一—块没有被开发的田地，大约5英里（2000平方米），当地的农民在那里种西瓜，然后卖给在这里建设小镇的民工。在远处的河岸，有一间摇摇欲坠的砖头房子，里面只有一只照明的电灯泡，那里住着三个农民——丈夫、妻子和十几岁儿子。他们没有自来水，平时在河里洗澡洗衣服。在西瓜地的前面，四周政府停车场、写字楼和复合式公寓正在建造，像一条无情冷酷的绳索，紧紧地将这块农田包围住。事实上，在中国大部分地区，新事物都在取代着旧事物，并且这一替代不是缓慢的，而就发生在眨眼之间。

那天我站在楼上看着一位在西瓜田劳作的农民，就像她站在河对岸看着我一样，后来她向我介绍说她叫刘姨。我记得我当时在想，天啊，她的脑海里在想些什么？不光她劳作的这块土地将要消失了，那里还站着一盒外国人目不转睛地望着她。他是从哪里来的，更重要的是，他大老远地来到这儿究竟要做什么？简短的答案是我和我妻子已经成为中国当前一大变革中的微小一部分。我们从镇上的渣打银行支行办理了房屋抵押贷款，付了25%的首付，为我们自己买下了实现中国梦的一部分。

生命中最美好的年代

在过去的十五年里，疯狂的城市化进程已经成为带动这个国家经济的火车头，三、四亿人从又穷又脏的农业地区来到了相对繁荣的城市。然而，在这一巨大的迁移中，一件更不被注意到的事情将要发生，但其影响也是巨大的。因为中国的大城市——现在中国有49个百万人口的大城市，而在2000年的美国只有9个——变得越来越拥挤，生活成本越来越高，这种现象就像是美国二战后的情形再现。因此，迅速增长的中产阶级希望拥有价格合理的大房子，拥有一块可以供孩子玩耍的草坪，在城市日益被污染的情况下能够呼吸到清新的空气，这就成为了必然的欲望。

这是中国的一次短行军。我们应该向那些引领郊区发展的新富致意，他们坚信从经济上来说，更美好的前景就在眼前。但就上海来说，城市规划人员相信在未来的10年里，将有五百万人迁移到“卫星城”。这样的变化发生在中国的每一个城市。这个进程——中国的郊区飞跃——不就将成为这个国家下一阶段发展的核心。

郊区化所带来的影响是巨大的。想想美国二战后，美国大兵回国后组建了自己的家庭开始向郊区发展后，美国在经济和社会上的转变。这个比喻也许并不十分准确，但足以说明问题。中国的郊区化进程已经开始影响到中国社会和全球经济。如果你知道翡翠河畔的每栋房子要用掉至少三吨钢，和四分之一吨铜线后，就很容易理解当前日用品价格上涨的势头为何如此强劲了——钢铁、铜、木材、石油。但是新淞江就有35个建成的和在建的小区，整个镇上最终将会有50万人居住。正如新淞江建筑发展公司副总卢洪江所言“我们所做的在中国知识开了先河。”

II. Translate the following into English（75分）

主席先生：

今年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。

世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。

这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量已经位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些社会问题还比较突出。中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑

战都是空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。

【参考译文】

Mr. President:

For China, this has been a special year. We experienced two major events. One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which caused grave losses of life and property. In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience. By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway. The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games. This grand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship. It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world. In our fight again the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community. I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically after the Beijing Olympic Games. Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and

opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace. This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries. It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world. The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games. And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country. At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people. Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income. Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced. The rural areas, particularly those in western China, are under developed. Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing. China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.

Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved. To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task

and we still have a long way to go. Both the opportunities and challenges are unprecedented. We seize opportunities and face challenges, dedicate ourselves to nation-building and focus on development. This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.

二、《实用翻译教程》考研真题

第一章语义翻译

一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。

1. ①soft music

②soft life

③soft drink

④soft goods

⑤soft light

⑥soft breeze

【译文】①轻音乐；②安逸的生活；③软饮料（不含酒精）；④纺织品；⑤柔和的光线；⑥微风

2. ①a handsome car

②a handsome man

③a handsome profit

④a handsome compliment

【译文】①漂亮的车；②英俊的男士；③一大笔利润；④大加赞赏

3. ①good results

②good food

③a good point

④a good deed

【译文】①好的结果；②符合标准的食物；③有说服力的依据；④高尚的习惯行为

4. ①poor health

②poor food

③poor light

④poor soil

⑤a poor country

⑥a poor swimmer

【译文】①身体不好；②劣质食物；③昏暗的光线；④贫瘠的土壤；⑤贫穷的国家；⑥不擅长游泳的人

5. ①regular breathing

②regular customers

③a face with regular features

④a regular army/soldier

⑤a regular disaster

【译文】①均匀的呼吸；②老主顾；③五官端正的脸庞；④正规军；正规军士兵；

⑤一场彻底的灾难

6. ①to cut wheat

②tocut cake

③to cut finger-nails

【译文】①割麦子；②切蛋糕；③剪指甲

7. ①to fuel up on food

②to fuel up on water

【译文】①吃点食物；②喝点啤酒

8. ①申请书

②报告书

③协议书

④成绩通知书

⑤成交确认书

⑥白皮书

⑦家书

【译文】

①Letter of Application

②Report

③Agreement

④Grade Report

⑤Sales Confirmation

⑥White Book

⑦a Letter from Home

9. ①病历表

③时间表

④日程表

⑤价目表

【译文】

①case history form

②resume

③timetable

④schedule

⑤price list

10. ①推荐信

②证明信

③口信

【译文】

①letter of recommendation

②certificate

③an oral message

11. ①名单

②菜单

③账单

④保险单

⑤订阅单

⑦违规通知单

【译文】

①name list

②menu

③bill

④policy

⑤subscription form

⑥account note

⑦ticket

12. ①写作水平

②领导水平

③生活水平

④发展水平

⑤工作水平

⑥开放水平

【译文】

①quality of writing

②art of leadership

③standard of living

④level of development

⑤work performance

⑥degree of openness

13. 身体好，学习好，工作好。

【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.

14. ①经济法制化

②经济全球化

③社会知识化

④国际关系民主化

⑤国民经济信息化

⑥科研成果产业化

【译文】

①to manage economic affairs within a framework

②economic globalization

③to build a knowledge-driven society

④the practice of democracy in international relations

⑤to build an information-based national economy

⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production

15. ①一窝蜜蜂

②一窝小鸡

③一窝幼犬

【译文】

①A swarm of bees

②A brood of chickens

③A litter of pups

16. ①一群美女

②一群猎狗

③一群鸭

④一群羚羊

【译文】

①A bevy of beautiful ladies

②A pack of hounds

③A team of ducks

④A herd of antelopes

17. ①积极支持

②积极的财政政策

③积极利用国外资源

【译文】

①unfailing support

②proactive fiscal policy

③make effective use of overseas resources

18. ①基本工资

②基本建设

③基本物质

④基本工业

⑤基本利益

【译文】

①basic wage

②capital construction

③essential commodity

④primary industry

⑤fundamental interest

19. ①大城市

②大雨

③大志

④大人物

⑤大道理

【译文】

①a big city

②a heavy rain

③a high aim

④an important person

⑤general principle

20. ①老战士

②老领导

③老师傅

④老芹菜

【译文】

①a veteran

②a senior leader

③a master craftsman

④overgrown celery

21. ①打电话

②打的

③打毛衣

④打水

⑤打篮球

⑥打农药

【译文】

①to make a phone call

②to take a taxi

③to knit a woolen sweater

④to fetch water

⑤to play basketball

⑥to spray insecticide

22. ①维护统一

②维护独立主权

③维护国家荣誉

④维护国家主权

⑤维护人民利益

⑥维护自尊

⑦维护世界和平与安全

【译文】

①to uphold unity

②to uphold independence and sovereignty

③to defend national honor

④to defend state sovereignty

⑤to safeguard the people’s interests

⑥to safeguard self-respect

⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security

23. ①进行社会主义革命

②进行一场激烈的争论

③进行实地调查

④进行亲切的谈话

⑤进行侵略

⑥进行核试验

【译文】

①to carry out socialist revolution

②to carry on a spirited debate

③to make an on-the-spot investigation

④to have a cordial conversation

⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with

⑥to conduct a nuclear test

24. 严格训练、严格要求。

【译文】Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.

二、翻译下列句子，注意根据语境选择恰当的单词。

1. ①He is a funny writer

②There is something funny about the matter.

③You will be sorry if you try anything funny in class.

【译文】

①他是个风趣的作家

②事情有些蹊跷。

③你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔的。

2. ①Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism.

②It is the champion of apartheid.

【译文】

①贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列。

②它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首。

3. ①She is fidgety and restless.

②All the inventors have a restless mind.

【译文】

①她生性急躁好动。

②所有的发明家都有一个不停思索的头脑。

英汉互译模拟题

21. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. 只有当我们看东西不清楚时，我们才意识到我们的眼晴是多么地重要。 22. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. 这些远视的人们能看清远处的东西，但是他们读书却很困难，除非他们把书举到一臂远的距离处去看。 23. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. 同样的理论代代相传，而且总是正确。 24. Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. 老一代记忆犹新的重大历史事件对年轻人来说不过是过眼烟云而已。 25. What they reject more than anything is conformity. 他们所厌恶的莫过于循规蹈矩。 26. These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly. 对于这些问题，老一代人确实不予附合。 27. Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. 大多数去超市的顾客都要按程序购物。 28. The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. 购物中心舒适而且方便，这是超市受人的另外一个原因。 29. Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. 如果人们努力去改变生活方式，就能远离大多数的疾病。 30. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease. 同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止，对于那些因喝酒导致生病，最终死亡的人应当赔偿。

中考英语真题分类汇编 翻译句子

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