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土木工程专业英语翻译知识分享

土木工程专业英语翻译知识分享
土木工程专业英语翻译知识分享

土木工程专业英语翻

(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is

a dominant structural material in engineered construction.

(1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。在许多国家,包括加拿大和美国,钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。

(2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction. (2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料,包括石子,沙,水泥等,可以通过多种途径方便的得到,同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。

(3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.

(3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁,各种形式的建筑,地下结构,蓄水池,电视塔,海上石油平台,以及工业建筑,大坝,甚至船舶等。

(4)Reinforce concrete structures consist of a series of individual members that interact to support the loads placed on the structure. The floor of concrete buildings is often built of concrete joist-slab construction.

(4)钢筋混凝土结构由一系列单独构件组成,这些构件通过相互作用共同抵抗施加在结构上的荷载。混凝土建筑的楼层通常采用肋梁楼盖的形式。

(5)A series of parallel ribs or joists support the load from the top slab. The reactions supporting the joists apply load to the beams, which in turn are supported by the columns.

(5)一系列的平行梁肋或次梁抵抗其上楼板传来的荷载,次梁的反力作为荷载施加在主粱上,主粱则支承在柱上。

(6)The slab transfers load laterally to the joists, and serves as the top flange of the joists, which act as T-shaped beams that transmit the load to the beams running at right angles to the joists.

(6)楼板将荷载垂直传递给次梁,并且作为上翼缘和次梁一起形成T形截面梁,将荷载传递给与次梁正交的主粱。

(7)Some floors of have a slab-and-beam design in which the slab spans between beams, which in turn apply loads to the columns.

(7)一些楼层被设计成梁板结构,即楼板直接支承在相邻的主粱上,主粱再将荷载传递到柱上。

(8)Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. As a result, cracks develop whenever loads, or restrained shrinkage or temperature changes, give rise to tensile stresses in excess of the tensile strength of the concrete.

(8)混凝土的抗压能力很强但抗拉能力很弱。因此,当荷载、受约束的收缩或温度变化所引起的拉应力超过其抗拉强度时,混凝土中的裂缝就会开展。

(9)The construction of a reinforced concrete member involves building a form or mould in the shape of the member being built. The form must be strong enough to support the weight and hydrostatic pressure of the wet concrete.

(9)钢筋混凝土构件的制作需要一个与构件形状相同的模子,其必须具有足够的强度以抵抗湿混凝土的重量和流动压力。

(10)The reinforcement is placed in this form and held in place during the concreting operation. After the concrete has hardened, the forms are removed. (10)在混凝土浇注的过程中,钢筋被放置在模子中的固定位置。在混凝土硬化之后,模板才能被移除。

(11)一个结构到底是采用混凝土,钢材,砌体,还是木材进行建造,取决于材料是否容易获得和其他一些经济上的考虑。通常,最先考虑的因素是结构的总造价。

(12)结构的总造价是材料费用,人工费,以及建造过程持续时间的函数。

(13)通常,结构的总造价受到施工时间长短的影响,这是因为承包商和业主必须为施工过程提供资金,而且这些资金一直要到建筑物可以使用后才能得到收益。

(14)兴建钢筋混凝土结构所需要的材料可以很容易的通过多种渠道获得,在施工过程中需要时可以随时制作,与此相反,兴建钢结构时所需要的材料必须向钢材加工厂预定并为此提前支付部分款项。

(15)设计者对设计和制作所采取的任何标准化的措施都可以减少建筑的总造价。例如,可以在不同的楼层布置相同尺寸的柱以节省模板的费用,而不同楼层柱荷载的不同则可以通过改变柱混凝土强度等级或配筋率来考虑。

(16)The occupants of a building may be disturbed if their building oscillates in the wind or the floors vibrate an people walk by. Due to the greater stiffness and mass of a concrete structure, vibrations are seldom a problem.

(17)在混凝土结构的施工过程中,新浇混凝土的重量由模板来承担,这些模板通常支承在下层楼板上。另外,建筑材料经常堆放在楼板或屋面上。

(18)砂子,石子,水泥以及搅拌混凝土的设备可以很方便地通过多种方式获得,并且钢筋比型钢更容易运送到工地。因此,一些偏远的地区经常使用钢筋混凝土。

(19)混凝土的抗拉强度比其抗压强度低得多,因此混凝土会开裂。在结构中,这个问题通过使用钢筋来解决。

(20)与类似的钢结构相比,混凝土结构需要使用更多的材料,重量也更大。因此,大跨度的结构通常使用钢材来建造。

(21)The limit states for reinforced concrete structures can be divided into five basic groups: durability, fire resistance, ultimate limit states, serviceability limit states, and special limit states.

(21)混凝土结构的极限状态包括五个内容:耐久性,耐火性,承载力极限状态,正常使用极限状态,以及特殊极限状态。

(22)Durability means that the structure should withstand environmental exposure without excessive deterioration of the concrete or corrosion of the reinforcement. Fire resistance means the structure must have the resistance required by the applicable provincial building code.

(22)耐久性是指结构能够暴露在环境中而不会发生混凝土材料性能的急剧退化或钢筋的锈蚀。耐火性是指结构必须具有本地区建筑规范所要求的抗火能力。

(23)The ultimate limit states involve a structural collapse of part or all of the structure. Such a limit state should have a very low probability of occurrence since it may lead to loss of life and major financial losses.

(23)承载力极限状态指结构局部倒塌或整体倒塌。因为这种极限状态会造成生命和大量财产的损失,其发生的可能性必须被降到很低。

(24)The ultimate limit states include loss of equilibrium of a part or all of the structure, rupture of critical parts of the structure, progressive collapse,

formation of a plastic mechanism, and instability.

(24)承载力极限状态包括结构局部或整体失去平衡,结构关键部位的破坏,渐进式的倒塌,塑性机构形成,以及失稳。

(25)Serviceability limit states involve disruption of the functional use of the structure but not collapse. Since there is less danger of loss of life, a higher probability of occurrence can generally be tolerated.

(25)正常使用界限状态是指结构使用功能受到影响但并不发生倒塌。因为对生命安全的威胁比较小,其发生可以具有稍高的可能性。

(26)Serviceability limit states include excessive deflections for normal service, excessive crack widths, and undesirable vibrations.

(26)正常使用界限状态包括正常使用下结构产生过大的挠度,裂缝宽度过大,以及令人不舒适的振动。

(27)Special limit states involve damage or failure due to abnormal conditions or abnormal loadings. These include structural effects of explosion or vehicular collision, and long-term physical or chemical actions.

(27) 特殊极限状态是指在非正常条件或非正常荷载下发生的结构损坏或失效。这包括由于爆炸或交通工具冲撞导致的结构效应,以及长期的物理或化学作用。

(28)Some sort of safety factors, such as load and resistance factors, are necessary in structural design because the variability in resistance and variability in loadings.

(28)由于抗力和荷载的可变性,一些安全系数,例如荷载系数和抗力系数,对结构设计而言是必须的。

(29)The actual strengths (resistances) of beams, columns, or other structural members will always differ from the values calculated by the designer. And all loads are variable, especially live loads and environmental loads due to snow, wind or earthquake.

(29)梁、柱或其他构件的实际强度(抗力)值总是与设计者计算所得到的值有偏差。并且所有的荷载都是可变的,特别是活载和由雪,风或地震等导致的与环境有关的荷载。

(30)In addition to actual variations in the loads themselves, the assumptions and approximations made in carrying out structural analysis lead to differences between the actual forces and moments and those computed by the designer.

(30)除了荷载本身的变化之外,在结构分析中所使用的假设或近似也使实际的力或力矩与设计者的计算值有偏差。

(31)Loads may be described by their variability with respect to time and location. A permanent load remains roughly constant once the structure is complete. An examples is the self-weight of the structure.

(31)荷载可以根据其是否随时间和位置而变化来描述。永久荷载在结构完工后基本保持恒定。结构的自重就是一个例子。

(32)Variable loads such as occupancy loads and wind loads change from time to time. Variable loads may be sustained loads of long duration, such as weight of filing cabinets in an office.

(32)可变荷载例如使用荷载和风荷载随时间而变化。可变荷载可以是长期作用的荷载,例如办公楼中档案柜的重量。

(33)Creep deformations of concrete structures result from the permanent loads

and the sustained portion of the variable loads.

(33)混凝土的徐变变形是由永久荷载和可变荷载中长期作用的部分引起的。

(34)Variable loads may be fixed or free in location. Thus the loading in an office building is free since it can occur at any point in the loaded area. A train load on a bridge is not fixed longitudinally but is fixed laterally by the train.

(34) 可变荷载可以是位置变化的或固定的。可以认为,办公楼的荷载位置是变化的因为其可以作用在受荷区域的任意点。火车对其经过的桥梁的荷载位置在沿着铁轨的方向是变化的,在垂直铁轨的方向则是固定的。

(35)Concrete is a mixture of cement and aggregate, each of which has an linear and brittle stress-strain relationship in compression. Brittle materials tend to develop tensile fractures perpendicular to the direction of the largest tensile strain.

(35) 混凝土是水泥和骨料的拌和物,两者在受压时都具有线性和脆性的应力应变关系。脆性材料的受拉破坏会沿着垂直于最大拉应变的方向发展。

(36)When concrete is subjected to uniaxial compressive loading, cracks tend to develop parallel to the maximum compressive stress.

(36) 当混凝土承受单轴压力时,其裂缝会沿着平行于压应力的方向发展。

(37)Although concrete is made up of elastic, brittle materials, its stress-strain curve is nonlinear and appears to be somewhat ductile. This can be explained by the gradually development of microcracking within the concrete and resulting redistribution of stress.

(37)尽管混凝土是由弹性的脆性材料组成的,但其应力应变关系曲线却是非线性的,并且具有一定的塑性。这可以用混凝土内部微裂缝的逐步发展及其所导致的应力重分布来解释。(38)Microcracks are internal cracks 2 to 10mm in length. Microcracks that occur along the interface between paste and aggregate are called bond cracks; those that cross the mortar between pieces of aggregate are known as mortar cracks. (38)微裂缝是指长度为2到10毫米的内部裂缝。在骨料和砂浆的界面上产生的微裂缝称为粘结裂缝;穿越骨料间的砂浆的微裂缝称为砂浆裂缝。

(39)Shrinkage of the paste during hydration and drying of the concrete is restrained by the aggregate. The resulting tensile stresses lead to cracks before the concrete is loaded.

(39)由于混凝土的水化作用和泌水现象所产生的砂浆收缩受到骨料的约束。这种约束所导致的拉应力使裂缝出现在混凝土在受荷之前。

(40)Generally, the term concrete strength is taken to refer to the uniaxial compressive strength as measured by a compression test of a standard test cylinder.

(40)通常,混凝土的强度是指由标准圆柱体试件的抗压试验得到的轴心抗压强度。

(41)Although the tensile strength of concrete increases with an increase in the compressive strength, the ration of tensile stress to compressive stress decreases as the compressive strength increases.

(41) 尽管混凝土的抗拉强度随着其抗压强度的提高而提高,但抗拉强度与抗压强度的比值却随着抗压强度的提高而降低。

(42)The tensile strength is approximately proportional to the square root of the

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《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲 一、翻译定义: 1、张培基——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 3、刘宓庆——翻译的实质就是语际的意义转换。 4、王克非——翻译就是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 5、泰特勒——好的翻译应该就是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言,以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受,如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。 6、费道罗夫——翻译就就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。 7、卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说:把一种语言(Source Language)中的篇章材料用另一种语言(Target Language)中的篇章材料来加以代替。 8、奈达——翻译就就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物,首先就意义而言,其次就就是文体而言。 “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style、”---Eugene Nida 纽马克——通常(虽然不能说总就是如此),翻译就就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字(语言)。“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language、”--- Peter Newmark 10、“Translation is the expression in one language (or target language译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences、”--- Dubois 12、13、Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text、 二、翻译标准 1、翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字:“忠实(faithfulness)、通顺(smoothness)”。忠实指的就是忠实于原文。通顺指的就是译文的语言必须合乎规范、通俗易懂。 2、严复对翻译曾经提出“信(faithfulness)、达(expressiveness)、雅(elegance)”的标准:“译事三难:信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣,顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉。” 3、“泰特勒三原则”:(1)That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;(2)That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original;(3)That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition、”(1)译作应完全复写出原作的思想;(2)译作的风格与手法应与原作属于同一性质;(3)译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。”(谭载喜,2006)泰特勒指出,这三项原则就是好的翻译所必备的条件,它们次序的排列就是恰当的、自然的,就是按重要顺序排列的,如果在不得已的情况下要牺牲某一个原则就要注意到它们的次第与比较上的重要性,决不能颠倒主次,以牺牲思想内容的忠实来求得译文的优美与流畅。 5、奈达提出了著名的“动态对等”。她对翻译所下的定义: 所谓翻译, 就是在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现源语的信息, 首先就是意义, 其次就是文体。

2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结

1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候,电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41.She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday. 她借了那本书,后来星期一把书还了。 45.He used tO play basketball every Sunday.他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41.Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42.I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样,有幽默感 43.He got on well with his classmates. 他和同学关系处得很好 44.He used tO work very hard when he was youn9. 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45.My family is putting me up at the moment,but I am thinking of buying my own flat.我现在跟家人住在一起,但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41.He got on well with his sister. 他和他的姐/妹相处得很好 44.That box is too heavy for her to carry home.那个盒子太重了,她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱,必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗? 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来,因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊,会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳,她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票,她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车,也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快,但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了,我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.

专业知识与翻译

PPT: 第二页: When you have already acquired a good ability in translation, it’s important for you to storage professional knowledge in mind as more as possible. 1.In financial field: when it comes to 供给and 需求,we say supply and demand in stead of provision and need。 第三页 2.After this week’s disappointing economic figures, China’s central bank said Saturday that it would reduce the share of deposits banks must set aside as reserves. If you have some specific professional knowledge, you know what does“the share of deposits banks must set aside as reserves”mean the moment you see the expression. It means“存款准备金”which is given to the central bank by commercial bank. 3.. The financial futures and options markets which now encircle the globe have risk as their keynote. How to translate “financial futures”and “options markets”? It means “期货”and “期权”。So it can be translated into“金融期货与期权是目前全球范围内最具冒险性的金融衍生产品”。 第四页:with the development of science and technology , more and more materials concerning science and technology are required to be translated, which puts a high demand on us translators. 1. For example, in scientific and technological area: bedplate has a lot of meanings,such as“底座”、“机座”、“座板”、“底板” 在Cylinder block and bedplate are made of cast-iron.(气缸体和底座均由铸铁制成)句中,we translate “bedplate”to“底座”,it is because in diesel engine,“bedplate”means“底座”或“机座”,not“底板”。However,this sentence: The frame may or may not be provided with a bedplate.(机座可连同底板供应,也可不带底板),“bedplate”should be translated into “底板”,because底板is a part of electrical machine. 2. In scientific English, different words may have the same meaning. In radio technology, vacuum tube,electron tube名称不同,实际上是同一件东西,如果不知道这一点,而是分别译为“真空管”和“电子管”,译文势必引起混乱。又如比较常见的“AC generator”和“ahemator”都指交流发电机。

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

现代大学英语精读3 Unit 2 课文 翻译及课文知识重点

Book3 Unit2 1.show off 卖弄 2.Let’s say 比如说 3.get up a show 安排一场演出 4.right out 明白地;彻底 5.run down an alley 沿…跑下去 6.go broke 破产 7.give credit 赊账 8.fool around 游手好闲 9.hardware store 五金店 10.liven up 使…有生气 11.make sb look like a fool 使sb看起来很傻 12.just the same 完全一样;依旧;尽管 13.be intimate with 与…十分亲密 14.take charge of 掌管 15.slip off 溜出去 16.get word 得知;获悉 17.get hold of 找到;得到;抓住 18.have sb licked 打败sb 19.thick with sb 与…亲密友好 20.call it quits 停止(战争,争吵,比赛) 21.show up 露面 22. a couple of shots 少量(几口) 23.down and out 穷困潦倒的 24.slap it on the table 啪的一声把sth扔到桌子上 25.You bet 的确,当然,一定 26.hush it up 隐瞒 27.lead down into a valley 通往;通向 28.strick out on one’s own 独立做 strick sth out 删除 strick out to/into/for sth 朝特定的方向坚定行进 29.be ashamed of 羞愧 30.dirt road 泥路,土路 31.grand marshal 总指挥 32.strike v. 给sb印象;罢工;撞击; 使产生某种感情strike fear into people’s hearts 让sb 处于…状态strick blind n. 罢工on strick 幸运(一次,一回);(运气)突然来临,偶然发生 Eg:That was a wonderful stroke of luck. 33.remember v remember sb/sth 记得;记起(remember of) remember that 记得 remember doing 记得做过

翻译基础知识

翻译基础知识 一、翻译的分类 1.按所涉及的两种代码的性质,可分为语内翻译(intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation)、语符翻译(inersemiotic translation)。 2.按翻译主体的性质,可分为人工翻译、机器翻译(Machine Translation)两类。 3.按翻译的工具和成品形式,可分为口译和笔译。 4.按翻译的客体,亦即所译资料的性质,可分为文学翻译(literal translation)和实用翻译(pragmatic translation)。 二、译家译论 1.支谦:在三国时期,支谦的《法句经序》中提出了“因循本旨,不加文饰”的译经原则。 2.道安:晋、前秦时道安在《革卑婆沙序》中提出,“案本而传,不令有损言游字;时改倒句, 余尽实录。”道安涉及译论的佛经序文较多,最有名的是提出“五失本”、“三不易”之说。其意思是,翻译佛经在五种情况下会失去本来面目,有三件事决定了译事是很不容易的,因此必须慎之又慎。 3.彦琮:北朝末年及隋初,彦琮著《辨证论》,它可以看作是我国第一篇翻译专论,他主张译经 “宁贵朴而近理,不用巧而背源”。可见他是坚持忠实第一并倾向于直译的。 4.玄奘:唐代僧人玄奘的指导原则是:“既须求真,又须喻俗”。“求真”即追求准确,要力求“忠 实原作”,这是一切认真负责的翻译工作者的共同理想。同时必须“喻俗”,亦即使群众理解,这就是说要“通顺”。玄奘在译经中成功地运用了补充法、省略法、变位法、分合法、译名假借法、代词还原法等等翻译技巧。 5.马建忠:清末,马建忠在其《马氏文通》中提出“善译”之说:“必先将所译者与所以译者两国之 文字,深嗜笃好,字栉句比,以考彼此文字孳生之源,同异之故。所有当相之实义,委曲推究,务审其声音之高下,析其字句之繁简,尽其文体之变态,及其义理精深奥折之所由然。” 6.林纾:林纾强调在翻译时译者应该投入自己的主观感情,译者须与原作者或作品中人物的心灵 相交流。 7.鲁迅:鲁迅在《且介亭杂文二集》里说:“凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一 则保存着原作得丰姿”。也就是说既要通顺,又要忠实。所谓忠实,是指内容上的“信”;所谓通顺,是指表达上的“顺”。 8.茅盾:文学翻译的目标是“艺术创造性翻译”——用一种语言把原作的艺术意境传达出来,使 读者读译文时能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。 9.钱钟书:“文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’,把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既不能因语文 习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原作的风味,那就算得入于‘化境’。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译,比为原作的‘投胎转世’,躯壳换了一个,而精神姿致依然故我。换句话说,译本对原作应该忠实得以至于读起来不像译本,因为作品在原文里决不会读起来像经过翻译似的。” 10.傅雷:“以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。”“两国文字词类的不 同,句法构造的不同,文法与习惯的不同,修辞格律的不同,俗语的不同,即反映民族思想方式的不同,感觉深浅的不同,观点角度的不同,风俗传统信仰的不同,社会背景的不同,表现方法的不同。以甲国文字传达乙国文字所包含的那些特点,必须像伯乐相马,要“得其精而忘其粗,在其内而忘其外”。而即使最优秀的译文,其韵味较之原文仍不免过或不及。翻译时只能尽量缩短这个距离,过则求其勿太过,不及则求其勿过于不及。”

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架, ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

商务英语翻译实训总结

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或不够重视翻译实训课的建设,只是在翻译课中加一些练习。究其原因,一方面可能是财力、物力等方面有所局限;另一方面,则可能是主观上不够重视,有些院校则根本不设置翻译课和翻译实训课。2.在开设了翻译实训课的院校中,也存在着各种各样的问题。 (1)师资问题教授翻译实训课的教师必须要有翻译知识背景,要了解基本的翻译理论、技巧、方法等,同时最好有商务实践背景。现实情况却是,有些院校的商务翻译实训课是由纯语言学背景但无翻译背景的教师来教授的,有些则由有实践经验但缺乏必需的翻译理论、方法、技巧的教师任教。结果自然都无法令人满意。 (2)翻译实训课的课时不足有些院校也开设翻译实训课,但课时却严重不足,导致的结果是教师的讲授和学生的练习均无法达到令人满意的效果。 (3)缺乏好的翻译实训课教材教材对教学活动的重要性不言而喻。实训教材包括实训教学大纲、实训指导书、实训教学文字材料、实训教学软件、实训教学音像材料等。[3](P48)市面上缺乏此类翻译实训课教材,因此在教授翻译实训课时只能选择一些翻译教程为教材。如此一来,教学效果肯定会受到很大影响。 (4)实训室和实训基地缺乏或数量不足实训室和实训基地对于实训教学的重要性不言而喻,商务英语翻译实训亦是如此。但现实情况却是很多院校根本没有商务英语翻译实训室和实训基地。 (5)校企联合、产学研开展不够在实训教学中,校企联合、产学研等都起着举足轻重的作用。据笔者较为详尽的调查,这一块的现状总体也无法令人满意。

大学英语 翻译部分

Unit 1 1)I haven’t see it myself ,but it is supposed to be a really good movie. 2)The hostess cut the cheese into bite-size pieces ,it would be more convenient for the guests to eat it. 3)No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep. 4)He carefully copied my pretense that nothing unusual had occurred. 5)The first decree he issued after he came into office was that private ownership of guns be banned. 6)I’ve come to see his fabled footwork that people talk so much about. 7)I am not a teacher proper ,since I haven’t been trained ,but I’ve had a lot of teaching experience. 8)Students tend to anticipate what questions they will be asked on the examination.

1)Nowdays,some parents are hard on their sons and daughters ,asking them to learn English ,to learn to play the piano ,to learn painting ,and to learn many things. 2)He is determined to give up gambling ,so when he sees his former gambling friends ,he is more than eager to disassociate himself from their company. 3)The reporters received a stern warning not to go to earthquake-stricken area without official permission. 4)Life is tough to the parents whose kids fail to keep up in school. 5)The suspect considered sneaking away ,but his family to dissuade him. 6)The cables are all bright yellow to prevent pedestrians from tripping over them. 7)Infuriated by the decision ,he threw up his arms in exasperation. 8)The paint on the door of this old house has been blotched and striped by years of weathering.

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