英语阅读与写作全文及译文 (2)

Unit 5

Text A

Aristotle Got It Right

David Cameron

Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies. It is hard to escape the fact that in developed societies, despite progress, innovation and prosperity, there is nothing not quite right. In some cases, it is hard for people to put a finger on it: a feeling of emptiness and not belonging, a lack of defined relationships and solid social structures. In other respects, it is really quantifiable:rates of drug abuse, violent crime and depression and suicide are rocketing. Why are we unhappy?It seems that the Enlightenment brought forth unparalleled liberty in economic,social and political life, but we are now undergoing a midlife crisis.

The politics of happiness is nothing new. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle said that eudaimonia, or happiness , is the goal of life. But for me , the person who brings the great conundrum of personal happiness is Robert Kennedy . In a beautiful1y crafted speech , he said what "makes life worthwhile" is "the health of our children ,the quality of their education, the joy of their play,""the strength of our marriages… our devotion to our country"and our "wit ... wisdom and courage." And he pointed out that none of these could be measured by gross national product.

Nor could we be surprised by the politics of happiness. Ask people how they are, and they will answer in terms of their family life, community life and work life, rather than just what they are paid.

Despite this , it is a notoriously difficult subject for politicians to grasp. One reason is that happiness and well-being are generally not well served by statistical analysis. Politicians, obsessed with inputs and outputs , targets and controls, are flummoxed by immeasurable concepts such as the value people place on spending time with their families. Another reason ,which is related , is that electoral cycles lend themselves to a culture of short-termism, with a need for immediate, quantifiable measurements and results.

ne suc measurement is . n many ways increasing t is as een t e raison dêtre for many center-right political parties since the 1980s. Back then, many developed economics were in a state of economic malaise, with persistently high inflation and unemployment. We needed something to reverse this stagnation and put us back onto the path of prosperity. Thankfully, we got that.

Today we need to be just as revolutionary to put us back on track to social prosperity: to respond to that yearning for happiness. That is why I have been arguing in Britain that we need to refocus our energies on GWB—general well-being. It means recognizing the social,cultural and moral factors that give true meaning to our lives. In particular, it means focusìng on a sustainable environment and building stronger societies. And yes, it also means recognizing that there is more to life than money: indeed, that quality of life means more than the quantity of money.

I thìnk the center-right can be the champions of this cause. The center-left never really get the well-being agenda because they treat indivìduals as units of account. And they find it difficult to understand how it cannot be delivered simply by the push of a legislator's pen.

Instead , the politics of well-being is a polìtics that needs to be founded on sharing responsibility. of course, government must take its own responsibilities. But that needs to be part of a wider cultural change: a cultural change that will occurs as a consequence of legislation, leadership and social change.

What' s the government's role? It is to show leadership and set the framework. Showing leadership means leading the change in the many areas that impact on well-being. For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness . Here governments should be pioneers of flexible working with public-sector employees.

Setting the right framework means creating incentives and removing barriers to remodel the context within which the whole of society makes choices. T ake the environment for example. Everyone would agree that a cleaner local environment would enhance our well-being. By setting a framework that creates a price for carbon in our economy and encourages green innovation, the government can help people make the better choice.

Ultimately, society's happiness requires us all to play our part. Indeed, playing our part is part of being happy. That is why we need a revolution in responsibility. Corporate responsibility means businesses taking a provocative role, and taking account of their employees' lives. Civic responsibility means giving power back to local government, community organizations and social enterprises so they can formulate local solutions to local problems. And personal responsibility means we all do our bit in cleaning up our local environment or participating in local politics.

Neil Browne, professor of economics at Bowling Green State University, recently wrote an article: " If Markets Are So Wonderful , Why Can't I Find Friends at the Store ?" It is not that markets are bad or that we are all doomed to a life of perpetual unhappiness. Rather, given our advances in terms of political freedom, economic enterprise and cultural ingenuity, life could, and should, be more satisfying. That is why focusing on general well-being could be the big, defining political concept of the 21st century. And by recognizing the responsibility every

section of society has, we also have the means to enhance it.

亚里士多德是对的

大卫·卡梅隆

人们身心的健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。

人们很难摆脱这样一种事实：在发达的社会，尽管社会进步，改革日新月异，物质富足，

却总觉得有些事情不大对劲。有时候，人们难以明确地指出到底为何：空虚，没有归属感，没有稳定明确的人际关系以及稳固的社会结构。在其他方面，问题可以明确量化地表述：滥用毒品、暴力犯罪、经济萧条以及自杀身亡的比率在急剧增加。我们为何如此不快乐?启蒙运动带给我们无可比拟的经济、社会以及政治生活的自由，而我们现在正经受着“中年”危机。

探讨幸福的内涵古已有乏。在其所著的《尼各马科伦理学》一书中，亚里士多德曾指出：幸福是人生的目标。可我以为，将个人幸福这一难趣谈得沸沸扬扬的是罗伯特·肯尼迪。在他言辞精妙的演讲中，他阐述道：使“生活有意义”的是“孩子们的健康，儿童的教育质量以及他们玩耍游戏的快乐”是“我们稳固的婚姻……对祖国的热爱与忠诚”，是我们的“睿

智……英明与勇气”。他还指出，这一切没有一样能够用国民生产总值来衡量。

我们也不会对幸福内涵感到惊讶，若问人们近况如何，他们会谈到家庭、工作以及所处社区的情况，而不是回答自己挣多少工资。

即使这样，政治家们还是难以完全理解这一众所周知的难题——幸福的确切内涵。其中之一的原因是幸福与健康通常都不能通过统计分析来表示。政治家们满脑子的投入与产出、目标与调控，而对于诸如人们看多看重与家人共度时光之类的、无法用数字测量的概念，他们往往感到困惑不已。另一与之相关的原因是：一轮轮的竞选让他们置身于急功近利的氛围，期待立竿见影的、量化的测量手段与结果。

测量手段之一即是GDP(国内生产总值)。自1980年以来，在许多方面，增加GDP一直是许多中—右派政党们的党派存在的理由。当时，许多发达经济行业处于经济病态，通货膨胀率与失业率持续居高不下。我们需要采取措施来扭转这种停滞的局面，走向通往繁荣之路。幸运的是，我们找到了解决问题的方法。

今天，为了重新回到社会繁荣富强的轨道上我们需要如同当时一样彻底改变思想，即

积极地响应对幸福的追求。这也是我在英国一直强调需要将精力集中于GWB(general well—being)即国民健康总值的原因。这意味着认可社会、文化、道德等赋予我们生活真实意义的因素。尤其意味着我们将集中于环境的可持续发展，建立更强大的社会体系。这也意味着认可我们生活中有比金钱更重要的：确实，生活的质量绝不仅仅取决于金钱的数量。

我认为中—右派政党能够成为胜任此项事业的先驱。而中—左派政党将永远不会把人们的身心健康列入党派纲领议程，因为他们将个人看作记账单位。他们难以理解的是，为何通过立法也不能实现个人的身心健康。

以人们身心健康为中心的政冶需要各方人士各尽其责方能实现，而非仅仅通过立法。当然，政府也需承担应尽的职责。这需要更广泛的丈化变革：在立法、领导方式以及社会等各方面变革之后，才能引起这场大变革。

那么，政府的职责是什么？政府应尽领导职责，并制定规章制度。应尽领导职责是指在

能影响人们身心健康的各个领域领导变革。比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是

人们幸福的关键。那么在这方面，政府应当率先实行公务员灵活机动的工作时间。

制定恰当的规章制度是指创设激励机制并排除障碍来重建整个社会体系，这样，社会的各个层面都能依此做出适当选择。以环境为例，人人都认为当地更洁净的环境会有助于改善人们的身心健康。通过订立为碳付出代价并鼓励环保创新改革这样的规章制度，政府就能帮助人们做出更好的选择。

归根结底，全社会的幸福需要每个人都尽一份力。实际上，每个人在尽力的同时也会感

受快乐。这就是我们需要在责任观念上变革的原因。公司的职责是指企业公司发挥积极的作用，真正考虑到员工的生活。城市职责是指将权力返还给当地政府、社区机构以及社会团体以便他们能因地制宜解决当地问题。个人职责是指每人各尽其能，无论是清洁当地环境，还是参与当地政治。

Bowling Green州立大学经济学教授耐尔·布朗最近写了篇文章，题为：“倘若市场上

物品如此丰富，为何不见有‘朋友’出售?”这并非市场物资缺乏或我们注定永生不会快乐。相反，既然我们政治上已经更加自由，经济更加繁荣发展，文化更加百花齐放，那么我们的生活能够并且应当更令人满意。因此，21世纪，致力于GWB的建设能成为一项重大的日益凸现的政治概念。我们在意识到社会的方方面面的责任的同时，也有办法来增强这些责任。

Text B

Finding Your True Calling

Brian Tracy

The very worst use of time in life is to stay for months or years at a job for which you are completely unsuited. However, a great number of people spend their whole lives doing something during the week so that they can somehow find something enjoyable to do on the weekend.

In every case, these are men and women with very little future before them. They look upon their jobs as a form of drudgery, a penance they have to pay in order to enjoy the rest of their lives. And because of this attitude, they will seldom advance or be promoted. They will stay pretty much at the same level , moving from job to job, and always wondering why other people seem to live the "good life" while they feel they are living lives of quiet desperation.

People who are not successful and happy in their work are those who have not taken the time to sit down and deal honestly and openly with themselves. They have not looked deep within themselves to recognize the inner treasures of talent and ability that they have demonstrated throughout their lives. They are content to do work that other people design and to achieve goals that other people set.

Over time, people who are not following their true calling begin to feel helpless. They feel that there is nothing they can do to change things. Their income rises enough only to meet their expenditures and they worry about money much of the time. The future looks to them to be very much the same as the past. But this is not for you!

Your aim in life is to become everything you are capable of becoming, to enjoy full self-expression of your talents and abilities. Your job is to develop yourself to the point at which every day is a source of joy and satisfaction, and you have so many interesting things to do that you do not have enough time to do them. Your mission is to continually hold up a mirror to yourself and refuse to work at anything that is not an expression of everything that is good and capable within you.

Success comes from being excellent at what you do. The market pays excellent rewards only for excellent performance. It pays average rewards for average performance and below average rewards—and insecurity—for below-average performance.

But excellence is a journey, not a destination. You never really get there.

You can never relax. The market is always changing, and what constitutes excellence today will be different tomorrow and very different next year and the year after.

All really successful and happy people know in their hearts that they are very good at what they do. If you are doing what you really enjoy or love, if you are following your true calling, you will know because of your attitude toward excellence.

When you find your true calling, you will have a continuous desire to leam more about it. A person who is not driven to leam more about his field is a person who is in the wrong job. And if a person is in the wrong job and not constantly learning and growing in his or her field, that person's value and his or her employability is diminishing with each passing day.

When you find your true calling, you will be determined to join the top 10 percent of people in your field. You will be willing to pay any price that is necessary to rise to the top. You will be willing to start work earlier than anyone else, work harder than anyone else, and work later than anyone else.

A simple test as to whether or not you are in your true calling is this: If you are doing the job that is meant for you，that uses your unique talents, you will automatically admire those who are at the top of your field. You will look up to them and want to be like them. They will be your role models, and you will pattern your work and activities after them.You will want to meet them, speak with them, read their books, and listen to their talks. The very best people in your chosen field will become the examples that give you guidance, both spoken and unspoken,on your upward journey.

Throughout the years,I have been continually asked by people what they can do to be more successful. In almost every case, these people are working in jobs that they don't like, for bosses they don't particularly respect, producing or selling products or services to customers they don't care about. And many of them think that if they just hang in there long enough, the clouds will part and everything will get better.

But the fact is that you are where you are and who you are because you have chosen to be there. Nobody can help you or change your situation for you. The economic goal of your company is to hire people at the very lowest cost so that they can serve customers at the very lowest cost in a competitive market. For this reason, no one has any obligation to pay you any more than you are getting. If possible, he or she would like to pay you less.

You must become great at doing what you are doing if you want to move up. And if you don't have the inner desire to be great at your job, it means you are probably in the wrong job.

A great tragedy is the number of people who do their jobs in an average or

mediocre fashion and with the idea that when the right job comes along, they will really put their heads down and do a great job. But for some reason,the right job never comes along. They are always passed over for promotions or advancement. They are always the last ones hired and the first ones laid off.

If you're sti1l not sure about your true calling, ask the people closest to you, "What do you think I would do the best at in my life?" It is amazing how people around you, including your spouse, your best friends, and your parents,can clearly see what you should be doing when often you cannot see it yourself.

Remember, you were put on this earth to do something wonderful with your life. You have within you talents and abilities so vast that you could never use them all if you lived to be a thousand years old. You have natural skills and talents that can enable you to overcome any obstacles and achieve any goal you cou1d ever set for yourself. There are no limits on what you can be, have, or do if you have your true calling, and then throw your whole heart into doing what you were made to do in an excellent fashion.

找寻内心真实的呼唤

布赖恩·特雷西

人们一生中利用时间最糟糕的莫过于经年累月地从事自己完全不合适的工作。可是，有

相当多的人却一生都是如此度过的：工作日内做做事，周末找些乐子。

从各种情况看，这些人的前途黯淡。他们认为自己的工作是沉重的任务，是他们为了享

受余生对自己的惩罚。正是由于这种态度，他们很少会有发展或得到提升。他们总在原地踏

步，工作换了一个又一个，并老是弄不明白为什么别人能过上“好日子”而他们却生

活在无

声的绝望中。

那些在工作中不成功、不快乐的人，往往没有踏踏实实坐下来坦诚地认识了解自我。他

们没有深深地审视自己，没有认识到他们生命中展现出的宝贵的才华与能力。他们满足于从

事别人指派的工作，完成别人设定的目标。

日子一天天过去，由于没有追随内心真实的呼唤，人们开始感到无助。他们感到自己无

能为力，无法改变一切。他们薪水增长缓慢仅够维持开销，大部分时间都在担心钱不够用。前途对于他们和过去相差无几。可这悲哀的境遇应当不属于你。

你生活中的目标应是将能力发挥到极致，充分展现自我才华与能力。你的工作就是不断完善自己，直至每天都成为你快乐与满足的源泉，而你会被许多有趣的事情环绕以至无暇一一顾及。你的任务就是手握明镜照着自己，若任何工作不合适或不能彰显你的能力，就应当拒绝。

成功来自于出色的工作表现。对于极佳的表现市场会赠与绝佳的报酬，中等的表现只能获得中等报酬，而低劣的工作只会相应地获得低劣的报酬甚至有丢掉工作的风险。

然而，工作出色是一段旅程而非目的地。你永远也不可能真正到达。因而你永不可以停歇放松。市场在不断变化，今日能表现出色，明日也许并不一定，明年乃至后年就更不一定了。所有真正成功且快乐的人们从内心深处得知自己擅长从事的工作。如果你从事真正喜欢和热爱的事业，如果你追随了你内心真实的呼唤，你会知道自己是否擅长，就因你对出色的态度。

一旦你找寻到了内心真实的呼唤，你会持续不断地去进一步了解它。若一个人没有动力去更多地了解自己从事的领域，那么他就选错了职业。如果他入错了行又不继续学习来增加自己对本行业的了解，那么他的价值以及被聘用的可能性将与日递减。

一旦你找寻到了内心真实的呼唤，你会决心成为本领域中顶级的10％里的人物。你会愿意付出任何必要的代价来跻身于顶级人物之列。你会愿意工作得}匕任何人都早，比任何人都勤奋，比任何人都工作时间长。

一个简单的测试可以让你了解自己是否真正从事内心向往的工作：若你所从事的工作正是你应该从事的，能运用你独特的才能，你就会不自觉地崇拜那些本囊页域的顶级人物。你会向他们看齐，期望有朝一目能成为他们中一员。他们将成为你行业的典范人物，在工作和其他事务上你会模仿他们。你会希望与他们会面、交谈，阅读他们的著作，聆听他们的讲话。在你所选定的领域里这些优秀的人才将成为楷模，通过言谈和行为，在你奋发向上的旅途中充当你的向导。

这些年来，一直有人不断地问我，要如何做才能更成功。很多隋况下，人们从事自己并不喜欢的工作，为自己并不特别尊敬的老板干活，对购买自己产品或服务的顾客并不在乎。很多人以为只要自己待足够长时间，总有一日将云开雾散，情况越来越好。

但事实剐是你会原地踏步，自己没有任何改观，因为你选择如此。没有人能帮你改变局势。你公司的经济目标是以最低廉的成本价格来招募职员，这样他们便能在竞争激烈的市场以霉低的价格服务顾客。由于这样的原因，没有人有任何义务支付你更多的薪水。相反，如果可能，他倒愿意支付得更少些。

如果你想努力向上，你必须在自己的岗位上做得最好。如果你没有促使你积极工作的内在动力，这意味着你很可能选错了职业。

可悲的是，为数可观的人们工作平平，却怀有这样一种想法：一旦心仪的工作来临，他们会全身心扑进去，干出一番成绩。但由于某些原因，合适的工作永远不会降临。晋升与发展的机遇总是与他们擦肩而过，他们总是受雇的最后人选，解聘的第一人选。

如果你仍不清楚自己的真实需求，问问你周围最亲近的人，“你认为我做什么最好?”令人惊异的是，往往当你自己还不清楚自己的真实想法时，你身边的人，包括你的配偶、最好的朋友，父母却都能清楚地知道你应当做什么。

应该记住的是，你降临这个世上，是要有所作为的，你蕴藏着极丰富的才华与能力，即使是活到1000岁也无法穷尽。你与生俱来的技能与才华能让你克服任何困难，最终企及自己设定的目标。如果你找寻到了你内心真实的呼唤，那么你就可以成为你想做的人，拥有你想拥有的，做你想做的事，以绝佳的心态，全身心地投入到你的事业中去。

大学英语B阅读翻译及写作_6

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