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现代机械工程专业英语

现代机械工程专业英语
现代机械工程专业英语

Lesson 1 Engineering Drawings

1.assembly drawing 转配图

2.balloon 零件序号

3.detail drawing 零件图

4.view 视图

5.full-section view 全剖视图

6.Broken-sectional view 局部视图

7.Convention 惯例,规范

8.Cutting-plane 剖切图

9.Sketch drawing 草图

10.Interchangeable 可互换的

11.Craftsman 工匠,工人

12.Tolerance 公差

13.Procurement 采购,获得

14.Exploded drawing 分解示图

15.Pattern maker 模型工,翻铸工

16.Machinist 机械师,机工

Lesson 2 mechanics

1.mechanics 力学

2.Acceleration 加速度

3.Deformation 变形

4.Stress 应力

5.Sub discipline 分支学科

6.Static 静力学

7.Dynamics 动力学

8.Mechanics of material材料力学

9.Fluid mechanics 流体力学

10.Kinematics 运动学

11.Continuum mechanics

连续介质力学

12.static equilibrium 静力平衡

13.Newton’s first law

14.Susceptibility 敏感性

15.Newton’s second law of motion

16.Yield strength 屈服强度17.ultimate strength 极限强度

18.Failure by bucking 屈曲破坏

19.Stiffness 刚度

20.Young’s modulus 杨氏模量

21.Macroscopic 宏量

22.Microscopic 微量

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,putational fluid dynamics (CFD)计算流体力学

24.trajectory 轨道

25.Astrophysics 天体物理学

26.Celestial 天空的

27.Robotics 机器人学

28.Biomechanics 生物力学

29.Rigid body 刚体

Lesson 3 Engineering Materials

1.polymer 聚合物

2.Ceramics 陶瓷

3.Stiff 硬的,刚性的

4.Fracture 断裂,折断

5.Transparent 透明的,显然的

6.Lustrous 有光泽的

7.Delocalized 不受位置限制的

8.Ferrous 铁的,含铁的

9.Nonferrous 不含铁的,非铁的

10.Tailored 定制的,特制的

11.Hardness 硬度

12.Tensile strength 抗拉强度

13.Toughness 韧性

14.Quenching 淬火

15.Tempering 回火

16.Stainless 不锈的

17.Shield 防护,屏蔽,遮挡

Lesson4 Mechanical Design

1.mechanism 机构,机械

2.Thermal 热量,热的

3.Switch 开关

4.Cam 凸轮

5.Valve 阀门

6.Beam 梁

7.Phenomena 现象

8.Screw 螺钉,螺杆

9.Fasteners 紧固件

10.Spring 弹簧

11.Gear 齿轮

12.Durability 耐用性

13.Femur 股骨

14.Quadriceps 四头肌

15.Optimization method 最优化方法

16.Stiffness 硬度

17.Stock 原料,备品

18.Noninterference 互不干扰

Lesson5 machinery component

1.pulley 滑轮,带轮

2.Torque 扭矩,转(力)距

3.Sheave 滑轮车,槽轮

4.Disassembly 拆卸分解

5.Stock 棒料,库存

6.Woodruff key 半圆键,月牙键

7.Axle 轮轴,车轴

8.Spline 花键,用花键连接

9.Bushing 轴瓦,轴衬

10.Involute spline 渐开线花键

11.Spindle 主轴,轴

12.Groove 沟,槽;刻沟,刻槽

13.Residual stress 残余应力

14.Coupling 联轴器

15.Distortion 变形,绕曲

16.Misalignment 未对准(线),非对中

17.Referred to as 把。。。。。称作,把。。。。当做

Lesson 6 the basic components

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,ponent 成分,组成,部件

2.chassis 地盘

3.transmission 变速器,传动,

传动系统

4.lubrication 润滑

5.Ignition 点火,点燃,点火装

6.Carburetor化油器

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,bustible 易燃的

8.Sludge 软泥,淤泥

9.Hood 发动机罩

10.Capacity 容量,生产量,才

能,能力

11.Suspension 悬梁

12.Differential 差速器

13.Clutch 离合器14.Hydraulic 液压的,水压的,

水力的

15.Pedal 踏板

16.Spark-ignition engine 点燃式

发动机

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,pression-ignition engine

液压式发动机

18.Storage battery 蓄电池

19.Ignition coil 点火线圈

20.Charging circuit 充电电路

21.Motor oil 机油

22.Sheet metal 钢板,金属板

Lesson 7 manufacturing process 1.manufacturing process 制造工艺

2.deburring 修边

3.casting 铸造

4.forging 锻造

5.punching 冲压

6.welding 焊接

7.pressing 挤压

8.agglomeration 烧结

9.infusing 注塑

10.molding 制模,塑造

11.electroplate 电镀

12.drilling钻削

13.boring 镗削

14.turning车削

15.planning 刨削

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,ling 铣削

17.grinding 磨削Lesson 8 tolerance

1.dimension 尺寸,尺度

2.dimensional deviations 尺寸公差

3.shape deviation 形状公差

4.position deviation 位置公差

5.nominal dimension 公称尺寸

6.surface roughness 表面粗糙度

7.manual 手动的,手工的

8.tolerance 公差

9.shaft 轴

10.assembly 装配

11.clearance fit 间隙配合

12.transition fit 过渡配合

13.interference fit 过盈配合

14.bilateral tolerance 双向公差

15.unilateral tolerance 单向公差

Lesson 9 numerical control

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,puter numerical control (CNC)计算机数字控制

2.productivity 生产率,产量

3. Variation 变化,变动

4. Obsolete 过时的

5. Small volume production 小批量生产

6. Conventional 普通的,常规的

7. Spindle 轴

8. Screw 丝杆,螺杆

9. Numerical control(NC)数字控制

10. Machining center 加工中心

11. Servo motor 伺服电动机

12. Horizontal卧式的

13. Vertical 立式的

14. Pallet 托盘

15. Shuttle 梭子,往复移动装置

16. Saddle 滑板

17. Bedway 导轨Lesson 10 material forming

1.yield strength 屈服强度

2. Fracture strength 断裂强度

3. Recrystallization temperature 再结晶温度

4. Beverage can 饮料罐

5. Crankshaft 曲柄轴

6. Ductility 延性

7. Slip system 滑移系

8. Imperfection 不完美,瑕疵

Lesson 11 flexible manufacturing 1.flexible manufacturing 柔性制造

2.Inventory 存货,存货清单

3.Configuration 结构,配置

4.Material handling 物料运输

5.Technological 技术的,工艺的

6.Automatic 自动化的

7.Sophisticated 复杂的,精致的

8.Programmable logical control 可编程控制器(PLC)

9.Assembly plant 装配厂

10.In response to 响应,回答

11.Pick-up truck 客货两用车

12.Capital 资金,资本家,重要

13.Derivative 派生的,引出的

14.Up to 一直到Lesson 12 mechatronics

1.mechatronics 机电一体化

2.Electronic engineering电子工程

3.Integration 集成,综合

4.Interdisciplinary 跨科学的

5.Mechanical engineering机械工程

6.Actuator 制动器,执行器

7.Controller 控制器

8.Reliability 可靠性

9.Encompass 包含,环绕,完成

10.Maintainability 可维护性

11.Artificial intelligence人工智能

12.Adaptability 适应性,可变性

13.Affordability 支付能力可购性

14.Built-in 嵌入的,内置的

Lesson 13 hydraulic and pneumatic systems

1.hydraulic 液压的,液力的

2.Spool 阀杆,线轴

3.Pneumatic 充气的,气动的,气压的

4.Check valve 单向阀,止回阀

5.Tubing (金属,塑料等的)管材

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,pressor 压缩机,接头

7.Fitting 连接件,接头

8.Cylinder 汽缸,圆筒

9.Reservoir 油箱,储水池,储液器

10.Hose 软管,胶皮管

11.Actuator 执行机构,促动器

12.Spool valve 滑阀,柱式阀

13.Trigger 触发,触发器,启动装置

14.Meter-out flow control 出口节流控制

15.Chamber 腔室,室

16.Cap end 活塞柱头

17.Displacement 排量,位移

18.Rectilinear 直线的,形成直线的

19.Discharge 卸料,流出,排出

20.Hold back 阻碍,抑制

1.emerging 新兴的

2.Optimal design 优化设计

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,puter aided design CAD Reliability calculation可靠性计算

4.Optimization theory最优化理论

5.Design variable 设计变量

6.Objective function 目标函数

7.Constrained condition约束条件

8.Optimal scheme 最优方案10.hydrodynamic journal bearing Non-linear programming 非线性

11.Mathematical model数学模型

12.Tribology design 摩擦学设计

13.Embody 体现

14.Astronautic 航天学

15.Seismology 地震学

16.Interdisciplinary 跨科学的

17.Dry contact 干接触

18.Boundary contact 边界接触

19.Mixed contact 混合接触

20.Thin film lubrication薄膜润滑Elastohydrodynamic lubrication 23.hydrodynamic lubrication

24.Hydrostatic lubrication静力

25.Productivity 生产率

26.Documentation 文献资料

27.Database 数据库

28.Electronic file 电子文件

29.Automotive 汽车的

30.Shipbuilding造船业

31.Prosthetics 修复

32.Ubiquity 普遍存在Shampoo dispenser洗发水喷头

33.reliability engineering

34.Probability 可能性

35.Availability 有效性

36.Maintainbility 保持性

37.Sustainable design可持续设计

38.Philosophy 哲学

39.Non-renewable resources

40.Design methodology设计方法

41.Holistic 全面的

42.Collaboration 合作

43.By nature本质的

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,puter-integrated manufacturing计算机集成制造

2.Outsourcing 外部采购

3.Arduous 费劲的,险峻的

4.Island 孤岛,孤立的事物

5.Automatic storage and retrievel systems自动储存检索系统

6.Manufacturing resource planning制造资源计划

7.Successor 后继,继承者

8.Variable 变量

9.Incompatible 不相容的,矛盾

10.Heterogeneous 异类的,不同

11.Database 数据库

12.Inventory 清单,商品目录

13.Protocol 草案,协议

14.AGV(the automatic guided vehicle)自动导引车系统

15.Integrity 完整性,完全1.deploy 使用,调度,配置

2.Mineral deposit 矿车

3.A myriad of 无数的,多种

4.Resemble 像,类似

5.Robotic industries association

6.Manipulator 机械手

7.Joint 接头,关节

8.Link 接杆,链接物

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,pact 紧凑的,紧密的

10.End-effector 末端执行器

11.Gripper 钳子,手爪

12.Yaw 偏移

13.Pitch 倾斜

14.Roll 转动

15.Working envelope 工作范围

16.Kinematics 运动学

17.Articulated 有关节的,铰接的

18.Infra-Red 红外线

19.Hydraulic actuator液压制动器

20.Teach pendant 示教机

21.Work cell工作间initiate开始

1.primary 首要的,初级的

2.Activated sludge活性污泥

3.Tertiary 第三期的

4.Aerator 曝气设备

5.Aerobic 耗氧的

6.Reverse osmosis反渗透

7.Electrodialysis电渗析

8.Hollow-fiber module

中空纤维膜组件

9.ultrafiltration 超滤,超滤法

10.Spiral-wound module

卷式膜组件

11.floatation 气浮

12.Skim 撇去,撇除

13.Cartridge 过滤筒,筒状物1.remanufacture 再制造

2.Legislation 法律,法规

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,ndfill 垃圾填埋

4.Harness 利用,管理

5.Mechanical repair 机械修复

6.Thermal spraying 热喷涂

7.Electroplating 电镀

8.Bonding 胶结

9.Scraping 刮研

10.Oxyacetylene flame spraying 氧乙炔焰喷涂

11.surface treatment表面处理

12.Preheating 预热

13.Base powder 基体粉末

14.Coating 涂层

15.Working coating 工作层

16.Surface roughening 表面硬化

17.Substrate 基体

18.Sandblast 喷砂处理

19.EDM 电火花

20.Epoxy resin 环氧树脂

lesson 19

1.ore 矿石

2.Extractive metallurgy 提取冶金

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,minution 粉碎,研磨

4.Concentration 精选

5.Dewatering 脱水,除去水分

6.Flotation 浮选

7.Ore dressing 选矿

8.Screening 筛选,过筛

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,pound 化合物

10.Pyrometallurgy 火法冶金

11.Electrometallurgy 电冶金

12.Hydrometallurgy 湿法冶金

13.Roasting 焙烧,煅烧

14.Smelting 熔炼,冶炼

15.Reducing agent 还原剂

16.Sulfatizing 硫酸盐化

17.V olatilizing 挥发

18.Refractory 耐火材料

19.Calcine 煅烧产物,焙烧矿

20.Flux 溶剂,造渣

21.Slag 炉渣,夹杂22.Cathode 阴极

23.Leaching 浸出,溶出

24.Aqueous solvent 水溶剂

25.Electrowinning 电解沉积,电解冶金法

26.Fluidized-bed roaster 沸腾炉

Lesson 20

1.sustainable product design 可持续产品设计

2.Cradle-to-grave摇篮到坟墓

3.Hazardous 冒险的,有危险的

4.Benign 有益健康的

5.Dump 倾倒,丢弃

6.Remediation 修复,补救

7.Solvent substitution 溶剂取代

8.Dissipation 消失,消散

9.Life cycle assessment生命周期

10.Material flows and cycles

物流循环跟踪

11.flawed 有缺陷的

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,ndfill 废弃物填埋场

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,pile 收集,编辑

14.Closed-loop 闭环,闭合线路

15.Green indices 绿色指数

16.Cast aside 丢弃,废弃Lesson 22

1.machine tool 机床

2.Workpiece 工件

3.Cutting tool 切削刀具

4.Broaching 拉削

5.Drill press 钻床

6.Gear shaper 插齿机

7.Cutting motion 切削运动

8.Return stroke 回程

9.Indexing motion 转位运动

10.Hobbing machine 滚齿机

11.Honing 磨

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,the 车床

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,ling machine 铣床

14.Shaper 牛头刨床

15.Planer 龙门刨床

16.Grinding machine 磨床

Lesson 21

1.automobile 汽车

2.Livelihood 生计

3.Propel 推进,驱使

4.Crankshaft 曲轴

5.Piston 活塞

6.Connecting rod 连杆

7.Lubrication 润滑

8.Cylinder 汽缸

9.Chassis 底盘

10.Vibration 振动

11.Spring 弹簧

12.Linkage 联动装置,连接

13.Shock absorber 减震器

14.Damp 阻尼,使衰减

15.Clutch 离合器

16.Transmission 变速器

17.Differential 差动,差速器

18.Punch press 冲床

19.Chromium-plated brass 镀络黄铜

20.Embellish 装饰,修饰21.Accessory 附件,配件

22.Wiper 雨刷

23.Sedan 私家轿车

24.Station wagon 旅行车

25.Van 有蓬货车

26.Convertible 敞篷车

1.imminent 即将到来的

2.International Energy Agency 国际能源机构

3.ventilation 通风

4.Terrestrial 陆地的,地球的

5.Insulation 绝缘,绝热

6.Light emitting diode(LED)

7.Rated 额定的

8.Hysteresis 滞后作用

9.Eddy current 涡(电)流

10.Amorphous 非晶体的

11.Oil immersion transformer 油侵式变压器

12.inverter 变换器

13.Servomotor 伺服电动机

14.Locomotive traction motor 机车牵引电动机

15.Brake 刹车

16.Capacitor 电容器

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,bined heat and power 热电联产1.criteria 标准,准则

2.Qualification 资格,授权,条件

3.Stereo microscope 体视显微镜

4.Surface blemishes 表面瑕疵

5.Guild membership 同业公会

6.Statistical quality control

统计质量控制

1.plow 耕,犁耕,犁

2.Manure spreader 撒肥机

3.Steam power 蒸汽动力

4.Drip irrigation 滴管

5.Traction engine 牵引机车

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ae14567242.html,bine harvester 联合收割机

7.Tractor 拖拉机

8.Cultivator 中耕机

9.Broadcast seeder 撒种机1.consensus 一致

2.Series 系列

3.Implement 贯彻,执行

4.Environmental policy commitment 环境政策承诺

5.Statistics 统计数据,统计学

6.Environmental audit 环境审核

7.Random sampling 随机抽样

8.Management review 管理调查

9.Certification 证明,鉴定

10.Registration 登记,注册

11.Audit 审计

12.Accreditation 委派

13.Verification 证明,证实

Application of Industrial Robots 工业机器人的应用

The first truly modern robot,digitally operated and programmable,was invented by George Devol in 1954 and was ultimately called the Unimate,Devol sold the first Unimate to General Motors in 1960, and it was installed in 1961 in a plant in Trenton,New Jersey to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them, Devol’s patent for the first digitally operated programmable robotic arm represents the foundation of the modern robotics industry.Since then,the industrial robot has blossomed ,mainly in the US,Japan and

Europe.Japanese companies which enjoyed the deeper long term financial resources and strong domestic marker because of a labor shortage eventually prevailed.Their robots spread all over the globe.Only a few non-Japanese companies managed to survive in this market.

第一个真正的现代机器人,数字操作和可编程的,是由

George Devol 1954发明并最终被称为通用机械手,德沃尔卖出第一通用机械手通用汽车1960,它被安装在1961在特伦顿的一家工厂,新泽西解除热的金属片从压铸机和栈,德沃尔的专利,第一个数字操作的可编程的机器人手臂的机器人是现代工业的基础。此后,工业机器人的发展,主要集中在美国,欧洲和日本。日本企业享受更长期的金融资源和强大的国内由于劳工短缺,最终获得了胜利。他们的机器人传播各地。只有少数的非日本企业设法在这个市场中生存。

There are certain characteristics of industrial jobs performed by

humans that identify the works as a potential application for robots:(1) the operation is repetitive ,involving the same basic work motions every cycle;(2) the operation is hazardous or uncomfortable for the human worker;(3) the task requires a work part or tool that is heavy and awkward to handle; and (4) the operation allows the robot to be used on two or three shifts .The applications can be divided into three categories :(1) material handling ,(2) processing operations ,and (3) assembly and inspection.

有工业工作由人识别作为机器人的潜在应用进行一定的特点:(1)操作是重复性的,涉及同一工作的基本动作的每一个周期;(2)操作对人有害或不舒服;(3)任务需要一个工件或工具是沉重和笨拙的处理;和(4)操作允许机器人可以用在两个或三个班次。应用程序可以分为三类:(1)材料处理,(2)处理操作,和(3)的装配和检验。

Material-handling applications include material transfer and machine loading and unloading .Material-transfer applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one location to another.Many of these tasks are relatively simple ,requiring robots to pick up parts from one conveyor and place them on another. Other transfer operations are more complex ,such as placing parts onto pallets in an arrangement that must be calculated by the robot .Machine loading and unloading operations utilize a robot that must be calculated by the robot.Machine loading and

机械工程专业英语

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1.With low-power machinery or vehicles the operator can usually apply sufficient force through a simple mechanical linkage from the pedle or handle to the stationary part of the brake. In many cases, however, this force must be multiplied by using an elaborate braking system.(P5)用低能机器或传力工具,操作者通过向踏板或把手的一个简单机械连接构件作用足够的力量到车闸固定的部分。大多数情况,然而,用一个详细(复杂)的车闸系统使这个力量成倍增加。 2. The fundamental principle involved is the use of compressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the wheels. The action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the train. The compressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars; its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer. (Braking Systems)(P5) 相关的基本原理是使用压缩气体,通过气缸内的活塞将闸块压在车轮起作用。列车的所有车厢上的车轮同时动作。压缩气体通过一个坚固的管道在由联轴器连接的车厢之间传输;工程师控制其在同一时间释放到所有独立的闸块单元。 3.When the brake pedal of an automobile is depressed, a force is applied to a piston in a master cylinder. The piston forces hydraulic fluid through metal tubing into a cylinder in each wheel where the fluid’s pressure moves two pistons that press the brake shoes against the drum. (Braking Systems)(P5) 当踩下汽车刹车的踏板,在主汽缸中的活塞上施加一个力。活塞驱动液压流体通过金属管道进入每个车轮气缸,在那里液压移动两个活塞将闸片压向轮圈。 4.Machinery ontology including mechanical rack, mechanical connections and mechanical transmission, which is the basis of mechanical-electrical integration, plays a role in supporting the other functional units of the system and transmitting motion and power. Compared to purely mechanical products, the performance and functionality of integration technology in electrical and mechanical systems have been improved a lot, which requires mechanical ontology to adapt its new status in mechanical structure, materials, processing technology, as well as the areas of geometry. Accordingly, the new ontology is with high efficient, multi-functional, reliable and energy-saving, small, light-weighted and aesthetically pleasing characteristics. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 机械体包括机架、机械联接和机械传动,它是机电一体化的基础,作用是支撑系统其他功能单元,传递运动和动力。和纯机械产品相比,一体化技术的性能和功能在机电系统中大幅提高,它要求机械本体适应在机械结构、材料、加工技术以及这些领域中的几何学下的新环境。相应的,新的一体化具有高效、多功能、可靠、节能、小轻和美学的令人赏心悦目的特征。 5. Detecting sensor detecting sensor part includes a variety of sensors and signal detection circuit, and its function is to detect the process of mechatronic systems in the work itself and the changes of relevant parameters in external environment and transmit the information to the electronic control unit. Electronic control unit check the information and sends the corresponding control issues to the actuator. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 检测传感器部分包括各类传感器、信号检测电路,它的功能是检测机电系统自身工作的工程,在外部环境下的相关参数的改变,将其信息传给电子控制单元。电子控制单元通过检查信息,送出相应的指令到执行机构。 6. Electronic control unit, also known as ECU, is the core of mechatronic systems, responsible for the external commands and the signals output by sensors. It centralizes stores, computes and analyzes the information. Based on the results of information processing,instruction are issued according to a certain extent and pace to control the destination for the entire system. (Mechatronics System) (P7) 电子控制单元,也被称为控制单元(ECU)控制,是机电系统的核心,负责外部命令和传

机械专业英语复试词汇总结

机械英语词汇大全2 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of metals 刀具 cutter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characteristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation 拉孔 broaching 装配 assembling 铸造 found 流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液压 hydraulic pressure 切线 tangent 机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure 稳定性 stability 介质 medium 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking 技术要求 technical

机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic 运动学 kinematic 静力学 static 分析力学 analyse mechanics 拉伸 pulling 压缩 hitting 剪切 shear 扭转 twist 弯曲应力 bending stress 强度 intensity 三相交流电 three-phase AC 磁路 magnetic circles 变压器 transformer 异步电动机 asynchronous motor 液压驱动泵 fluid clutch 液压泵 hydraulic pump 阀门 valve 失效 invalidation 强度 intensity 载荷 load 应力 stress 安全系数 safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺纹 thread 螺旋 helix 键 spline 销 pin 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 滑动轴承 sliding bearing requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮

机械工程专业英语教程(第2版)[施平主编][翻译]_lesson19

Gear Materials (Reading Material) 齿轮材料(阅读材料) Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic. 齿轮由多种种类的材料制造,包括金属材料和非金属材料。 As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance. 在设计中可以使用多种材料的情况下,对于特定齿轮,应当做到选用满足使用要求下的最便宜的材料。Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand. 在作出选择前,设计师必须决定在众多设计准则中哪个是当前最重要的。 If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron. 如果高强度是第一要考虑的因素,通常就选择钢材而不选择铸铁。 If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise reduction, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones. 如果耐磨性是最重要的因素,可以选用非金属材料要比金属材料更好,同时也可以解决降低噪声的问题。However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise. 然而,在大部分实际设计问题中,对材料的最终决定往往是一个折衷的方案。 In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area. 换句话说,材料的选择要考虑到合理的达到所有的预定要求,尽管这样就不能在其中任何一方面达到最好。To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications. 为了总结这次讨论,我们将按照通常的分类来考虑多种金属和非金属齿轮材料所具有的特性。 Cast Irons 铸铁 Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials. 铸铁是最常用的齿轮材料之一。 Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice. 它具有低成本,铸造性好,机械加工性能好,高耐磨性,以及高减噪性的特点,这些特点使铸铁成为一个合适的选择对象。 The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth. 铸铁主要的缺点是,作为一种齿轮材料,铸铁的抗拉强度很低,这使得轮齿的抗弯强度很弱而且不能造出很大的轮齿。 Another type of cast iron is nodular iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added. 另一种类型的铸铁是球墨铸铁,是在普通铸铁中加入了镁或者铈制成的。 The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron. 这种合金的特点是既具有高的抗拉强度,又保持了普通铸铁的高耐磨性和优秀的机械加工性能。 V ery often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost,

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