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英语四级真题阅读翻译2017年6月第一套

英语四级真题阅读翻译2017年6月第一套
英语四级真题阅读翻译2017年6月第一套

Section A

选词填空

美国目前的互联网速度已经是史上最快了,但人们还是抱怨网速太慢。

纽约司法部长办公室于秋季展开了一项调查,这项调查是关于威瑞森电信、美国有线电视和时代华纳所提供的宽带速度是否与供应商所述一致。本月早前时候,司法部长办公室征求公众帮助来测试他们的网速,声称消费者理应得到供应商所承诺的网速。司法部长说,“很多时候我们明明买的是这一件东西,却得到了另一件东西。”

如若调查有所发现,那么这就不是电信供应商第一次陷入不能向消费者提供所承诺网速的麻烦之中了。回顾六月,联邦通讯委员会向美国电话电报公司处以1亿美元的罚款,指控该公司在消费者使用一定量的数据之后私自降低无线网速。

即使互联网供应商没有违法,但是他们的做法已经激发了民众对于带宽速度和收费问题的愤怒。就在本周,一项调查发现,媒体和电信巨头康卡斯特是最令人憎恨的。在过去的十个月里,康卡斯特收到的消费者投诉多达12000条,大多都与每月数据限额和超额收费有关。

部分美国民众对网络供应商过于失望而放弃使用。近期一项研究表明,在过去两年内,拥有家用高速网络的美国民众数量大大减少,15%的人认为自己是“剪线族”。

Section B

匹配题

从会计师到瑜伽师:来一次彻底的职业改变

[A]我们所有人几乎都会在人生某个阶段经历一次彻底的职业变化。有些人会主动寻求这些变化,而有些人则会把这些变化视为对稳定职业的入侵,令人生厌。但是不管怎样,我们都可以选择如何应对。

[B]我们最近正在紧跟瑜伽企业家利亚·扎卡里亚的步伐,她通过改变彻底重塑了自己。为了探索人生目标,利亚放弃了高薪的会计工作、远离她的丈夫和家乡。在这个过程中,她打造了一个全新的生活和职业。从那以后,她成立了两个瑜伽工作室,遇到了新的人生伴侣,组织了新的社交群体。即使你的人生重塑过程没有这么激烈,但多少都可以从利亚身上得到一些借鉴。

[C]改变的萌芽源自哪里?美洲印第安人有一句俗语:“注意低声耳语,这样就不会听到高声尖叫。”引发巨大改变的好点子通常都来自意想不到的地方——这只是一个转机问题。伟大的领导者通常都能察觉这些预示重要改变的细微信号。利亚有一次听到这种耳语的时候进行了反思:“大概在我女儿五岁的时候,我开始感觉到‘这样不对。’”然后,她才意识到她的生活并不是她所想要的。

[D]在那之前,利亚一直都在追寻传统的成功道路。在毕业获得商业和会计学位后,她加入了一家公立会计公司,结婚、买房、安家和生子。“在大家看来,我很成功。”她说道。利亚本可以轻易陷入满足的境地,然而,她内心的能量激发了一场尝试和新生。

[E]感觉到需要改变之后,利亚通过探索兴趣和培养能力,开始寻找未来的可能性。首先尝试锻炼和节食,她减了重,也开发了内在的力量。“我感觉自己很强大,因为我打破了自身的局限。” 她回忆道。

[F]然而,是另一项兴趣彻底改变了利亚的人生。“我记得当时是和我的姑妈一起坐在瑜伽工作室的长凳上,” 她说,“然后就在那一刻我突然觉得一切都清晰了:瑜伽拯救了我。瑜伽唤醒了我。我不开心,我想改变,我受够了这一切。” 在思路清晰的那一刻,利亚跨出了重要的一步,克服了自己内心对于改变的抵触,坚定地大步向前。

[G]如果你愿意利用人生道路上的机遇,那创造你所想要的未来就会容易很多。利亚回忆道,当她决心改变的时候,她就做好准备,迎接她可能有所忽视的新机遇了。

[H]有一天,我隔壁办公室的一个同事瑞安说,“利亚,我们一起去看看‘安妮女皇’的空房吧!”他知道我喜欢瑜伽,之前他在住处附近看到一个空房,认为适合用作一个瑜伽工作室。一看到这个地方,我就知道是它了。当然我当时很慌张,但我有一种强烈的感觉就是“我必须要做这件事。” 就在几个月之后,利亚开办了她的第一家瑜伽工作室,但成功还很遥远。

[I]创造未来需要时间。这也就是为什么领导者们都会在朝着未来某个重大改变努力的时候,会继续经营好眼下工作。当跨越那一步的时机到来,他们就会采取行动,及时放弃那些不能服务于自己目标的事物。利亚在开展瑜伽工作室的时候就在从事着会计工作。

[J]不久,她就知道必须走出这大胆的一步,为了全新的未来全力以赴。两年之内,利亚放弃了安稳的会计工作,彻底转行。如此大幅的改变着实不易。

[K]在变化中摸索、面临阻碍,这让我们直面恐惧。利亚回忆起引发恐惧的一次事件,就是她的投资者们曾经威胁要关停她的工作室:“这可能是我这辈子最害怕的时候了,”她说道。“我花了两年时间组建社区,很快取得了成功,但是短短半年之内我就可能要失去一切。”

[L]她心系目标,不断挖掘,培养内心巨大的力量。“我感受到内心的坚定,不会轻易被恐惧击垮。我这么想着,‘好了,如果你们要关掉我的工作室,那就关吧。’后来我发现原来这只是一个谈判手段,所以我才能对自己说,‘这不是真的。’”利亚指出自己的恐惧并迎头直面它,这个过程中利亚收获了自信。对我们大多数人而言,放弃过去的安稳会给自己造成巨大的恐惧。但像利亚那样清楚说出自己的恐惧,就会帮助我们更加果敢地采取行动。

[M]人生更新的周期永不停息。利亚的成长促使了第二个工作室的诞生——但这一切并不是为了金钱。

[N]我并没有挣几百万的欲望。我做这一切不是为了钱,而是为了我自己的成长。老实说,我并不需要开第二个工作室。我开第一个工作室时已经挣得跟以前当会计师时一样多了。但我知道如果一个人不成长,就只会原地踏步,而这并不是我想要的。

[O]想一下你现阶段的人生,你的团队或你的组织。你身处人生更新的哪个周期:你是否积极坚守眼前,还是选择性地遗忘过去,抑或是勇敢地创造未来?利亚给予了你怎样的建议,能让你勇敢前行?一旦我们踏上了成长的道路,我们就能不停经历人生的转型期和更新期。

Section C

仔细阅读

文章一:

一项新的报告指出,城市化——从郊区向市中心迁移——将成为2015年房地产行业最大的趋势。

报告声称,以步行和公交为导向的发展模式使得纽约和旧金山大获成功,随着美国全国城市开始效仿这一模式,美国城市化将成为影响这一行业最重要的议题。

随着小城市模仿这些“24小时城市”的模式之后,这些城市将会创造更多可行的方案。报告称其为“18小时城市”,并用这一术语指代休斯顿、奥斯汀、夏洛特和纳什维尔等城市,它们都是“就宜居程度、就业模式和娱乐文化设施而言,将自己定位成高竞争力的城市。”

2015年的另一个重要趋势就是美国最大的人口群体“千禧一代”,将继续延迟购房。父辈买房受挫的经历困扰着他们,但公寓将会持续吸引着这些“千禧一代”。

报告指出,这种趋势将会持续到21世纪20年代。在那之后,这一代人是否会追随父辈的步伐,搬到郊区生活,还是选择留在市中心,调查对象对此意见不一。

影响来年房地产的另一问题是美国破败的基础设施。大多数道路、桥梁、运输系统、供水系统、电网以及通信网络都是50到100年前安装的,要是不出现老化,很多人并不认为这些网络系统存在问题。

本报告的作者认为,美国在基础设施方面投资不力,不仅影响了房地产市场的健康,也影响了保持全球竞争性的能力。

除了上文强调的让部分投资者颇为担心的具体趋势之外,报告还描绘了一个由近期健康房地产“升级”和经济发展支撑的整体乐观现象。74%的调查对象对于2015年房地产盈利的期待“较高”。然而,过度乐观会造成不好的投资模式,导致房地产“泡沫”。报告作者对潜在的后果只是轻描淡写,因为还没有发生。

文章二:

大脑是一个看似无边无际的图书馆,图书馆里的书架珍藏着我们最宝贵的记忆以及一辈子的知识。但有个问题是,它是否有一个容量上限呢?

答案是没有,因为大脑其实要复杂得多。大脑并不是一味地堆砌信息,而是有时候会把旧的信息删除,从而形成新的信息。

以往的行为研究都表明,学习新信息的同时会导致遗忘。在一项新的研究中,研究者们首次验证了这一效应在大脑中是如何发生的。

在日常生活中,遗忘其实是有明显优势的。想象一下,比如,你丢失了一张银行卡。你将会收到一张新卡,并带有新的个人识别码(P IN)。你每次尝试记住新的P IN的时候,就会逐渐遗忘旧的P IN。这个过程提高了获取相关信息的能力,同时不受旧记忆的干扰。

大多数人有时可能会因为旧记忆对新的、相关记忆的干扰而沮丧。试想,尝试记住上周在停车场停车的位置。这种记忆(你尝试记住新的、但是很相似的信息)尤其容易受到干扰。

当我们获取新信息时,大脑会自动建立联系,将其合并到现存记忆中。当我们检索信息时,所需的信息和建立联系的不相关信息将被记起。

以往大多数的研究都在关注如何学习和记住新的信息。但目前的研究开始重视我们遗忘的条件,因为它的重要性开始得到认可。

只有一小部分人能够记住人生中的每一个细节。尽管这在大部分人看来是一个优势,但是有这种罕见情况的人们往往会觉得,自己异于常人的能力是一种负担。

在某种程度上,遗忘是我们大脑对记忆进行分类的一种方式,所以最相关的记忆一直做好准备等待重新提取。常规的遗忘可能是一个安全机制,从而保证我们的大脑不会变得太满。

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