企业社会责任的英文文献综述

Annotated Bibliography

Kim, K., & Lim, H (2015). How do corporate social responsibility activities influence corporate reputation? Evidence from Korean firms. The Journal of Applied Business Research. 31(2), pp. 383-396

Kim and Lim (2015) have examined the association between corporate social responsibility activities and corporate reputation. To be specific, the impact of corporate social responsibility activities including toxic emissions and charitable contribution on the improvement of corporate reputation has been examined in the journal article. In order to examine the research theme, qualitative research method was employed as the research method for the research. Particularly, the research has collected sample data from Korean firms that were reported in Korea sustainability index database from 2010 to 2012 and the secondary data from publications to dominate the relationship between corporate social responsibility activities and corporate reputations. The collected sample data were analyzed by using ordinary least squares regression. The finding of the research show that corporate social responsibility activities will positively contribute to the improvement of corporate reputation. The journal article implies that enterprises could improve their company reputation by performing corporate social responsibility activities. Obviously, this journal article is useful for my research topic as it proves the positive relevance between corporate social responsibility and company reputation. Hence, the findings from the journal article could be cited as the evidence to support my research paper.

Khan, M., Majid, A., Yasir, M., & Arshad, M (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation: A Case of Cement Industry in Pakistan.Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business. 5(1), pp. 843-857.

Khan, Majid, Yasir, and Arshad (2013) investigated the effects of corporate social responsibility on company reputation in the context of Pakistani cement sector. In this academic article, quantitative research was hired as the method to attain the research objective. To be specific, questionnaire survey was used as the instrument to collect quantitative data to examine the research question by using cluster sampling method. 5 out of

twenty-nine cement manufacturing units were randomly selected as the research units for the research. 125 questionnaires were delivered to stakeholders. 68 questionnaires were returned. The collected sample data were analyzed with inferential statistics techniques, including correlation analysis and regression analysis. According to the data analysis result, the research found that corporate social responsibility has strong correlation with corporate reputation. The academic article is a useful resource for my research project as the research finding based on empirical investigation and analysis will be more credible. For this, the academic journal will be used as evidence to support my research project. But, it should be noticed that the research has its limitation because the research focused on examining the relevance between corporate social responsibility and company reputation in the context of Pakistani cement sector.

Mandina, S.P., Maravire, C.V., & Masere, V.S. (2014). Effectiveness of corporate social responsibility in enhancing company image. Journal of Applied Business and Economics. 16(3). pp. 152-170.

This journal article focused on investigating whether corporate social responsibility is effective in promoting company image based on exploratory research and descriptive research. In this research, Unki Mine was chosen as the research unit. In order to collect data for answering the research questions, both qualitative method and quantitative method were used in this journal article. In terms of qualitative approach, face-to-fact interviews were conducted on nine managers in Unki Mine, while focus group interviews were conducted on 100 community respondents. Regarding with quantitative method, questionnaire survey was used to collect sampling data from 208 samples by using stratified sampling technique. By analyzing the gained sampling data, the journal article found that corporate social responsibility is useful for improving the corporate image. This implies that enterprises should actively performance corporate social responsibility for building good corporate reputation. To a large extent, the journal article issued by Mandina, Maravire, and Masere (2014) will be useful source for my research project as the article proved corporate image can be enhanced by implementing corporate social responsibility. Additionally, the research findings of the journal are attained based on quantitative and qualitative research so that the findings are credible and reliable.

Maruf, A.A (2013). Corporate social responsibility and corporate image. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology. 3(8), pp. 29-49.

This academic publication studied the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company image based on theoretical study and empirical investigation. In order to examine the association between company image and corporate social responsibility, this academic publication reviewed previous literature for laying a theoretical basis for further investigating the causal relationship between the two variables. By reviewing previous literature, dimensions of corporate social responsibility were identified. After then, virtual questionnaire survey was hired as the instrument to collect sample data from 181 research samples in Nigeria. The gained questionnaire data were analyzed with statistical analysis. Based on the analysis result, this academic publication found that corporate social responsibility plays a positive role in improving the reputation of corporate. This academic publication could provide evidence support for the research project as it has confirmed that there is strong association between corporate social responsibility and the image of corporate. In addition to this, Maruf (2013) also analyzed and discussed the effects of specific components of corporate social responsibility on company image. This could provide practical implications for enterprises to improve company image effectively.

01-文献综述范文-翻译-当前零翻译研究问题与对策

外国语学院2018届毕业论文文献综述（示范） 一、研究背景 近来多篇论文中出现零翻译的提法（杜争鸣，2000；邱懋如，2001；刘明东，2002；袁斌业，2002a，2002b，2002c，2002d；石琳，2003；余清萍，2003；余清萍，秦傲松，2004；肖耀田，2004），但国内学者所编三本译学词典（林煌天，1997；孙迎春，1999；方梦之，2004）均未出现零翻译这一词条，国外三本词典/术语著作（Shuttleworth & Cowie，1997；Baker，1998；Delisle，2004）亦未收入这一条目，只有国内孙迎春（2001）编著的《汉英双向翻译学语林》收进了“零翻译（音译、形译之一种）zero translation”（58页）及“zero translation零翻译（音译、形译之一种）”（268页）两个条目，同时又有贾影（2002）反对零翻译提法，并认为承认不可译有“积极作用”。但零翻译现象确实存在，如DIY（自己动手），IQ（智商），EQ（情商），这些零翻译词汇经常在汉语中出现。英语中也有类似情况，如美国《时代》周刊中报道中国特色事物时经常使用拼音，如aizi(矮子)，pizi（痞子），shiganjia（实干家），yuan（缘）（王祥兵，2002），shuangying(双赢)，guanxi(关系)（顾静，2005）。 这些研究成果揭示了零翻译现象的存在，引进了零翻译的概念，促进了翻译理论概念的扩大，但是从发表的论文及孙迎春（2001）的这两个条目来看，各自运用的名称虽同（也有不同，如杜争鸣称为不译），但概念的内涵及外延均有出入，因此有必要探讨当前零翻译研究的问题并提出相应研究对策。 二、研究现状及不足 1. 定义不统一、模糊不清 传统翻译理论多把零翻译归结为“音译法”、“移译法”，只看到技巧层面的意义，如秦建栋（1999）讨论“英汉词汇空缺现象刍议”列举“音译法”、“移译法”，袁斌业（2001）论及“英语本族人音译汉语词汇的语用分析”，虽然看到“音译在我国只能用来翻译名词，而在国外则可以用来翻译包括名词在内的各种词语”，但未能从中提炼出零翻译的概念，实际上这里已包含有零翻译与音译的某些区别。 国内最早使用zero translation这一术语的是杜争鸣（2000），但他称之为“不译”，并分析了直译、意译与不译三种翻译策略。他不停留于策略本身，从跨文化交际的视角分析了三种策略的社会语言学与跨文化交际涵义，并看到了不译的三层文化含义。不译背后体现译者对于翻译目的的认识，“而翻译的目的必然直接或间接地反映反映译者本人对翻译的文化含义的意识与潜意识，反映他翻译时所采取的文化姿态与立场。”即翻译观的问题。但从术语的精确性来说

英文文献综述样本 威尼斯商人

毕业论文 （或毕业设计） 文献综述 文献综述题目 （中文小二号黑体居中或英文Times New Roman小二号加粗居中或日文明朝体小二号加粗） 学生姓名指导教师 二级学院专业名称 班级学号 年月日

（标题Times New Roman三号加粗） The Literature Review of The Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice （正文用Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，各段首行空4个字符，书名用斜体加粗） Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy (more specifically, as a "Christian comedy") and as one of the Bard's problem plays; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor's choice among three chests and thereby winning his (or her) mate. Shakespeare's treatment of the first standard plot scheme centers around the villain of Merchant, the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeare's version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the play's Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock's horrid legal suit. Antonio, as the title character, is sad from the beginning to the end of the play but never names the cause of his melancholy even when his friends ask him. Antonio plays the role as an outcast in the play. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s sadness simply as the device to set the tragic tone in the comedy or make Antonio be one of his melancholic characters in his works? Or Antonio is the representative of the complicated human nature? Antonio's unexplained melancholy is a significant element in understanding the play. 1. Studies on The Merchant of V enice（Times New Roman + 四号+首缩进4字符，下同） Karl Marx once cited that Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world.

企业社会责任文献综述

有关企业社会责任问题的文献综述 摘要：企业社会责任是21世纪以来经济学、管理学等诸多学科共同研究的热点问题。国际社会对企业的社会责任要求已经从号召转变为一种具体的行动。近 年来，企业社会责任的研究已经取得了很大的进展，本文主要对有关企业社会 责任的理论观点、内容及与企业绩效关系的文献进行整理归纳。 一、企业社会责任概念的界定 美国学者欧利文?谢尔顿（Olive Sheldon，1924）在其著作《管理的哲学》中最早提出“企业社会责任”的理念。企业社会责任是基于当时出现的一系列 社会矛盾与西方经济活动的问题, 诸如贫富分化、社会穷困，尤其是劳工问题 和劳资冲突等而提起的。随着现代社会市场经济的高速发展，两者之间的矛盾 依然存在，企业社会责任逐渐成为研究焦点之一。然而，到目前为止，国内外 关于社会责任的内涵并未形成统一的认识。 （一）国外主要观点 当前理论界与实务界对于企业应承担社会责任都达成了初步的共识，但是 不同的学者对企业社会责任的内涵具体包括什么，具体责任之间是否有层级关 系等持有不同的观点。而在此只提出具有代表性的国外观点。 1、同级观。在这种观点下，一部分学者认为企业应履行的具体社会责任没有主 次之分，是并列关系。Eells & Walton（1961）认为企业社会责任是指“当企 业在与社会领域发生互动而产生的问题以及治理企业与社会关系的道德原则”。麦克奎尔（Mc Guire，1963）认为，“社会责任的观点假定企业不仅有经济和 法律责任，同时有超越这些义务的社会责任”。阿齐?卡罗尔（Carroll，1979）认为“企业的社会责任不仅包括经济责任和法律责任，还包括道德责任和慈善 责任。而J.J.Brummer（1991）又进一步把企业责任划分为经济、法律、道德 和社会四种责任，其中经济责任是指企业谋求股东利润最大化的责任;法律责任是指为法律规定的企业义务；道德责任则包括企业就其性质和可能的后果具有 充分的理解能力，对人类福利具有重大影响力及有能力对行为及其后果加以控制；社会责任是企业行为低于社会要求的标准,及引起的后果,应受到惩罚。斯 蒂芬?P?罗宾斯则认为，“企业的社会责任是指超过法律和经济要求的、企业为 谋求对社会有利的长远目标所承担的责任”。 2、层级观。在此观点下，一部分学者认为企业履行具体的社会责任具有一定的 层级观念，以著名的金字塔模型为代表。美国佐治亚大学教授阿基.B.卡罗尔（1979）认为“企业社会责任是社会在一定时期对企业提出的经济、法律、道 德和慈善期望，并形成金字塔形状。底层为企业的经济责任，也是企业最基本 的社会责任，指企业首先负有生产、盈利和满足消费者需求的责任。第二层为 企业的法律责任，即企业需要在法律要求下履行其经济使命。第三层为企业的 道德责任，包括道德标准、规范，反映了股东、员工、消费者和社区关心公平 公正的期望，以及对利益相关者道德权利的尊重和保护等。顶层为企业的慈善 责任，即企业自愿开展行动或者项目来促进人类福利的发展，体现了社会要求 企业成为优秀企业公民的愿望。

学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语 学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：张庆飞 学号：7301013016 专业班级：新能源材料与器件131 2015年 6月16 日

The current development of genetically modified crops of China and its safety issues Zhang Qingfei (College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts: GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed. Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; China Introduction: As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton. The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed. The current development of genetically modified crops in china GM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality. China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops. As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinese

文献综述 英文

文献综述 大学生时间管理研究——以郑州大学西亚斯国际学院为例 姓名：代永寒学号：20091211205 专业：工商管理班级：工本2班 史蒂芬?柯维的《要事第一》 “要事第一”，顾名思义是指重要的主要的事情要放在第一时间去完成。而在实际工作中我们往往是将认为急迫的紧要的事情放在第一时间完成； 本书通过四个象限来告诉我们如何区分事情的紧急性与重要性，从而告诉我们在平常的工作中应怎样去区分事情属轻属重，以及造成事情紧急性的原因，在平常工作中要注意哪些方面以避免出现紧急事件的情况。 第一象限包括四点：A危机 B 急迫的问题C最后期限迫近的项目 D 会议准备工作等。第一象限显得紧迫与重要，但我们要知道形成第一象限的紧迫与重要主要是因被延误及没有进行计划与预测及计划所致。第二象限包含准备工作、预防、价值、筹划、建立关系、真正的再创造与赋予能力。第二象限属于质量象限，属于重要但不紧迫的事情，但我们必须要去做，因只有这样才能避免出现第一象限包含的情况。第三象限包含干扰、电话；邮件、报告；某些会议；很多临近、急迫的事情及很多流行的活动。第三象限包括“紧急但不重要的事情”，而事实上它易给人造成假象，从而形成第一象限情况。第四象限包含琐事、打发时间的工作、某些电话，解闷，“逃避”行为、无关紧要的邮件及过多地看电视；第四象限属于既不紧急也不重要的事情，它是浪费象限，第四象限中的行为是堕落行为。这四个象限告诉我们如果在办事过程中不是以重要性而是以紧要性为出发点，就会出现第一第三甚至第四象限的情况，在平常的工作中，我们要加以区分，日常工作生活中往往事情越是紧迫，反而说明事情越不重要！像最近存货系统因急着想能早日上线，在运作过程中被卡住，故一心想着去解决软件中存在的问题，而忽略了与其他人员的沟通协调，存货上软件固然重要，但与公司整体运作相比就稍显其次，没合理分配其他人员手头事项，这样会导致其他问题的增多，从而会出现第一第三象限甚至于第四象限的浪费情况。 “要事第一”，告诉我们在日常的工作与生活中要从以下方面着手加以区分、

3000字英文参考文献及其翻译范例

3000字英文参考文献及其翻译 【注意：选用的英文一定要与自己的论文题目相关。 如果文章太长，可以节选（用省略号省略一些段略）。如果字数不够，可以选2至3篇，但要逐一注明详细出处。英文集中在一起放前面，对应的中文翻译放后面。中文翻译也要将出处翻译，除非是网页。 对文献的翻译一定要认真！对英文文献及其翻译的排版也要和论文正文一样！ 特别注意：英文文献应该放在你的参考文献中。】 TOY RECALLS——IS CHINA THE PROBLEM Hari. Bapuji Paul W. Beamish China exports about 20 billion toys per year and they are the second most commonly imported item by U.S. and Canada. It is estimated that about 10,000 factories in China manufacture toys for export. Considering this mutual dependence, it is important that the problems resulting in recalls are addressed carefully. Although the largest portion of recalls by Mattel involved design flaws, the CEO of Mattel blamed the Chinese manufacturers by saying that the problem resulted ‘in this case （because） one of our manufacturers did not follow the rules’. Several analysts too blamed the Chinese manufacturers. By placing blame where it did not belong, there is a danger of losing the opportunity to learn from the errors that have occurred. The first step to learn from errors is to know why and where the error occurred. Further, the most critical step in preventing the recurrence of errors is to find out what and who can prevent it. ……

社会福利理论文献综述

社会福利理论文献综述 在准备课题《推进新型农村合作医疗制度改革研究》的过程中，笔者对相关国内外着作进行了选读，并对已发表的相关领域论文进行了研究，以此寻求研究领域的发展历程、现状，了解与本论文有关的理论观点和研究方法，总结已解决的问题和尚存的问题，从而在他人研究的基础上吸取经验，并有所创新。 （一）福利、社会保障、社会福利 “福利”一词，英文为“Welfare”，意指人、动物或群体的健康、安全、快乐的一种总体状态，亦指多由政府为有需要的人或者动物提供生活条件、经济帮助等等①。我国社会保障学专家郑功成对从社会学的意义上对“福利”概念作了一个简明扼要的定义：“福利包括个人福利和社会福利，其中个人福利通常被解释为‘幸福’、‘快乐’的同义语，是指个人对物质生活的需要与个人精神生活的需要的满足；而社会福利是一个整体的概念，指一个社会全体成员的个人福利的总和或个人福利的集合②。对于社会福利（Social Welfare）而言，它的内涵和外延很难确定，至少可以从三个层次上去理解。在最广泛意义上，社会福利是指一切改善和提高人民物质生活和精神生活的社会措施，不仅包括社会保障的内容，也包括就业政策、公共文化、免费教育、公共卫生和家庭津贴等等。其覆盖对象是全体国民，包含着物质生活和精神生活两方面。在英国出版的《新大不列颠百科全书》中，“社会保障”不单独列目，而在“社会福利”条目下包括两个主要的子项目：一是社会工作——个人社会服务；二是社会保障——政府的福利项目。在中层意义上，社会福利基本上是社会保障的同义语，是西方普遍用来替代社会保障的一个概念，涵盖了政府和社会为国民提供的各种服务设施和社会保障的各项内容。狭义上的社会福利是社会保障体系中的一个组成部分。张海鹰（1993）认为社会福利作为国家的社会政策，由国家或社会为 ①参见美国传统词典第4版、牛津高阶英语词典、柯林斯高级英语学习词典第5版 ②郑功成，社会保障学，商务印书馆，2000年版，第76页。

图像科学综述 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献

附录 图像科学综述 近几年来，图像处理与识别技术得到了迅速的发展，现在人们己充分认识到图像处理和识别技术是认识世界、改造世界的重要手段。目前它己应用于许多领域，成为2l世纪信息时代的一门重要的高新科学技术。 1.图像处理与识别技术概述 图像就是用各种观测系统以不同形式和手段观测客观世界而获得的，可以直接或间接作用于人眼而产生视知觉的实体。科学研究和统计表明，人类从外界获得的信息约有75%来自于视觉系统，也就是说，人类的大部分信息都是从图像中获得的。 图像处理是人类视觉延伸的重要手段，可以便人们看到任意波长上所测得的图像。例如，借助伽马相机、x光机，人们可以看到红外和超声图像：借助CT可看到物体内部的断层图像；借助相应工具可看到立体图像和剖视图像。1964年，美国在太空探索中拍回了大量月球照片，但是由于种种环境因素的影响，这些照片是非常不清晰的，为此，美国喷射推进实验室(JPL)使用计算机对图像进行处理，使照片中的重要信息得以清晰再现。这是这门技术发展的重要里程碑。此后，图像处理技术在空间研究方面得到广泛的应用。 总体来说，图像处理技术的发展大致经历了初创期、发展期、普及期和实用化期4个阶段。初创期开始于20世纪60年代，当时的图像采用像素型光栅进行扫描显示，大多采用巾、大型机对其进行处理。在这一时期，由于图像存储成本高，处理设备造价高，因而其应用面很窄。20世纪70年代进入了发展期，开始大量采用中、小型机进行处理，图像处理也逐渐改用光栅扫描显示方式，特别是出现了CT和卫星遥感图像，对图像处理技术的发展起到了很好的促进作用。到了20世纪80年代，图像处理技术进入普及期，此时购微机已经能够担当起图形图像处理的任务。VLSL的出现更使得处理速度大大提高，其造价也进一步降低，极大地促进了图形图像系统的普及和应用。20世纪90年代是图像技术的实用化时期，图像处理的信息量巨大，对处理速度的要求极高。 21世纪的图像技术要向高质量化方面发展，主要体现在以下几点：①高分辨率、高速度，图像处理技术发展的最终目标是要实现图像的实时处理，这在移动

企业社会责任文献综述

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b115264799.html, 企业社会责任文献综述 作者：高晓方 来源：《北方经济》2011年第12期 摘要：企业社会责任从提出到得到广泛认可经历了一个漫长过程，更是引发了关于企业 社会责任必要性的两次学术论战。然而，到目前为止，学术界还未对企业社会责任形成一个统一的定义。本文着重回顾了企业社会责任的必要性之辩、企业社会责任的内涵之辩以及企业如何承担社会责任，希望能对我国企业管理有一定的启示。 关键词：企业社会责任必要性内涵承担 企业社会责任概念源于资本主义进入垄断阶段以后，企业规模的不断扩大引发了日益严重的社会问题，使人们开始思考企业与社会的关系。1924年，欧利文·谢尔顿在《管理的哲学》中首次提出企业社会责任(简称CSR)概念，开创了一个新的研究领域。 一、企业社会责任的必要性 自谢尔顿正式提出企业社会责任的概念以后，在相当长的时间内各国学者都在争论企业是否需要承担社会责任。其中最著名的讨论莫过于贝利-多德、贝利-曼恩之间的两次学术论战。 （一）CSR两次学术论战 第一次论战：20世纪30年代，贝利-多德之间关于企业是否要承担社会责任的论战始于对企业经营者职能的讨论。贝利认为，股东是企业的唯一委托人，企业管理者应该以股东利益最大化为唯一目标；而多德教授则认为，企业既有社会服务功能又有营利功能，企业管理者作为多方受托人，应该树立对职工、消费者和社会大众的社会责任感。之后，贝利和多德争论发生了一些戏剧性的变化，多德放弃了企业应承担社会责任的观点，而贝利反而认为多德原来的观点是对的。 第二次论战：20世纪60年代初，贝利-曼恩之争使得贝利-多德之争得以延续。曼恩批评贝利没有讲清楚为何企业管理者的职责是执行在企业利益相关者之间分配企业财富的问题，贝利则认为企业经营者适合担当企业利益相关者受托人和财富分配者角色。之后，曼恩的思想逐渐转变，有条件地接受企业要承担社会责任的观点。 （二）CSR反对派和支持派

文献综述英文版

Title ：Magnetic motor shell stamping process and die design Author：yu Department of Materials "Magnetic motor shell stamping process and die design" literature review Abstract摘要 By read these references and documents, in-depth understanding of the contemporary mold of advanced manufacturing technology and metal forming technology, a number of instances of mold design and the understanding and learning, to further study the method of stamping die design, die design and thus have a directionalguidance.As used in this design and drawing die punching die and so on, through the design of the book related to mold in-depth study, this drawing die and the punching die and so the design methods have shape.These references and documents, the design of low-cost high-accuracy die with directional guidance. Keywords： Mold advanced manufacturing technology Mold Manufacturing Trends Drawing Punching CAE Die Materials Prices Preface前言 As China's economic integration with the world economy, the rapid development of basic industries, mold manufacturing industry is also developing fast.In the current economic situation, people pay more attention to efficiency, product quality, cost, and new product development capabilities.The innovation and development of mold manufacturing concern. 1.1 The history of the development of mold Archaeological discoveries in China, as early as 2,000 years ago, China has been used to make bronze stamping dies to prove that in ancient China stamping die stamping and achievements to the world's leading.In 1953, the Changchun First Automobile Works in China for the first time established a stamping plants, the plant began manufacturing cars in 1958, cover mold.60 years of the 20th century began producing fine blanking dies.In walked a long path of development temperature, the present, China has formed more than 300 billion yuan (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan statistics) the production capacity of various types of stamping dies. 1.2 Development Status and Trends Die Since reform and opening, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand of mold growing.In recent years, the mold industry has been the growth rate of about 15% of the rapid development of industrial enterprises in the ownership of the mold components also changed dramatically, in addition to professional mold factory outside of state-owned, collective, joint ventures, wholly-owned and private has been a rapid development.

at89c52单片机中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

at89c52单片机简介 中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述 A T89C52 Single-chip microprocessor introduction Selection of Single-chip microprocessor 1. Development of Single-chip microprocessor The main component part of Single-chip microprocessor as a result of by such centralize to be living to obtain on the chip，In immediate future middle processor CPU。Storage RAM immediately﹑memoy read ROM﹑Interrupt system、Timer /'s counter along with I/O's rim electric circuit awaits the main microcomputer section，The lumping is living on the chip。Although the Single-chip microprocessor r is only a chip，Yet through makes up and the meritorous service be able to on sees，It had haveed the calculating machine system property，calling it for this reason act as Single-chip microprocessor r minisize calculating machine SCMS and abbreviate the Single-chip microprocessor。 1976Year the Inter corporation put out 8 MCS－48Set Single-chip microprocessor computer，After being living more than 20 years time in development that obtain continuously and wide-ranging application。1980Year that corporation put out high performance MCS －51Set Single-chip microprocessor。This type of Single-chip microprocessor meritorous service capacity、The addressing range wholly than early phase lift somewhat，Use also comparatively far more at the moment。1982Year that corporation put out the taller 16 Single-chip microprocessor MCS of performance once

MCS_51系列单片机中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

MCS-51系列单片机 中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述 Structure and function of the MCS-51 series Structure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have, such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same.8051 daily representatives-51 serial one-chip computers. A one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: (1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositing not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. (3) Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8K B ), is used to preserve the

英语专业文献综述

英语专业文献综述 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020

Y i b i n U n i v e r s i t y 2015届本科毕业论文文献综述 题目_翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 二级学院外国语学院 专业英语 学生姓名简汝梦 学号年级 2011级 指导教师徐文英职称讲师 年月日 文献综述 翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 Study on the Translation Strategies of English Prepositions Based on Skopos Theory 摘要：英语介词使用频率高，搭配能力强，含义灵活，因此在翻译中属于比较难以处理的一种词类。目的论论者认为翻译是有明确的目的和意图，在译者的作用

下，以原文文本为基础的跨文化的人类交际活动。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法。目的论的提出为英语介词的汉译提供了可靠的指导。本文将目的论引入到介词翻译中，认为在目的论原则的指导下，英语介词的汉译可通过加词、减词、分译、转译等策略来达到较好的翻译效果以及更好地实现翻译目的。 关键词：英语介词；翻译；目的论 导言：随着时代的发展，以及中国入世的大好形势的出现，汉语与英语在世界上似乎显得同等重要，所以将这两种语言互相转化是我们越来越重要的任务。在英语中，英语介词数量不多，但其构成的介词短语在英语中的出现频率很高，功能多样且位置灵活，对构成句子具有重要作用，因此对于英语介词的翻译策略问题一直深受广大翻译学者的关注。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的论者认为翻译是一种有目的的活动，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法，即“目的决定论”。目的论的提出为英语介词汉译提供了有效的指导。因此，译者若能熟练掌握翻译目的和翻译方法，则能译出高质量的译文。鉴于此，本文先是阐述各大专家对于英语介词翻译以及翻译目的论的已有研究和探索，并结合笔者自己的观点加以评述；然后以此综述在翻译目的论指导下研究英语介词的汉译策略是个切实可行的手段；最后预测此观点的发展前景一定是光明受欢迎的。 历史发展：对于翻译目的论的发展历程，笔者在总结各前辈的资料中得出：在20世纪70年代，功能主义翻译理论兴起于德国，其四大代表性人物及其理论是: 凯瑟林娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论(functional category