基础笔译笔记

基础笔译

1.

2.Literary essay translation

3.Political speech translation

4.Title and poster translation

5.Exposition translation

6.Argumentative

7.News report translation

8.Prose & Poem

9.Cultures in translation

10.Regression in translation

11.Abstract

12.Notes

13.Tourist & travel

14.Students presentation

15.Exam

Lecture 2 Features and translation of Literary essay translation

Design features of language

Arbitrarieness

Duality

Productivity

Displacement

Cultural transmission

Interchangeability

Sun stroke

Stroke of luck

When the going gets tough, the tough gets going

What we see and feel

Nostalgia

Reminiscence

Melancholy

Literary notes

Hyacinth

Should the Chinese ―乡愁‖ be translated into ―homesickness‖, nostalgia, reminiscenece, melancholy, or longing? None of them expresses the meaning, which hovers somewhere in and around all those words?

Jujubes never fight for favor in the vemal season, when March finds willow buds green and peach blooms pink, and all the other foliage and flora stir in their desire with the gentle touch of spring, Jujubes’ winter-stiffened branches remain unaffected, looking dry as bones against the bright sky.

However, no one knows when, the seemingly lifeless black twigs begin to spit tiny green sprouts, and then tiny pale blossoms. My eyes have never noticed them, though. Not many have, I’m afraid. But when it’s harvest time, people all flock to the trees glittering with ripe dates.

Now i t’s a popular and fashionable practice for citizens to vote for a special flower-not a tree-to represent their city. Otherwise the ―candydate‖ for Beijing City Tree would true to namely falls on the jujube.

At Qikou Town in Shanxi, there is an ancient Yellow ferry, though too old to be of much use and notice. However, what indeed outweights my disappointment is the finding of a well-preserved village from the Ming and Qing dynasties in the deep mountains close to Qikou, Along the tortuous ravines and by the rocky slopes, dwellings were built resembling cave architectures with cornices. Every building is on a split level terrace, and each step reveals a change of view, making the place a perfect choice for painters and photographers.

Especially when autumn comes, strings of fiery peppers hung over the walls of every household; and the roofs are covered with ruby dates. The speiciest and sweetest reds glow up the grey mountain villiage. So long as the peppers and dates are there, so long the flame-like vitality maintains in the far-off area.

In Lvliang area of Shanxi Province, there’s a mountain named North Wudang, which is clad with pine woods. Torrents splash down the crags from the mountain cliffs, cultivating a unique view as a tourist attraction. However, the inconvenience of trasportation coupled with another far more famous Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province, very few tourists bother to come. Once I published an article titled Good Dates Need No Rendezvous in North Wudang after being invited to visit the place. It is highly appreciated by the local friends.

Tips in doing the translation

尊重原作体裁规范，使译文符合原文体

把握原文的内容与风格，协调于译文

分析出隐性的喜怒哀乐，翻译出原文情感

斟酌修辞、俗语和成语应用的文化背景

注意中英随笔句在句法语法方面的不同

Do you know hyacinth? With its of bell-shaped blooms, hyacinth is the di

Whose scent is close to what of a peach. Long cherished as one of the loveliest and sweetest flowers of spring, they grew wildly and abundantly in ancient Greece. But they were first cultivated in the Middle East as early as the 13th centruy. A Persian poet of that era wrote of the flower:

If of thy mortal goods thou art bereft,

And from thy slender store two loaves

Along to thee are left,

Sell one and with the dole,

Buy hyacinths to feed thy soul.

随笔特征

演讲的特征及翻译注意点

Features and translation of speeches

习近平、潘基文和奥巴马

演讲的特征

主题鲜明，论证清晰，理据典型

Clear topic, reasoning, and evidence

选词考究，语势强劲，句长协调

Precise, powerful, balanced expression

时限性强，依附语境，关注受众

Situation, context and audience oriented

演讲结合，生动达意

Speaking plus acting, vivid and appealing

举例

在中法建交50周年纪念大会上的讲话

Speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of

China-France Diplomatic Relations

中华人民共和国主席习近平

H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping, Pres ident of the People’s Republic of China

2014年3月27日，巴黎

Paris, 27 March 2014

尊敬的奥朗德总统，

女士们，先生们，朋友们：

Your Excellency President Fran?ois Hollande,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

在这春光明媚的日子，同大家在美丽的巴黎欢聚一堂，纪念中法建交50周年，感到十分高兴。首先，我谨代表中国政府和人民，并以我个人的名义，向在座各位，并通过各位，向长期致力于中法友好事业的各界人士，向友好的法国人民，致以诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿！

It gives me great pleasure to be with you in the beautiful city of Paris in the lovely spring to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of China-France diplomatic ties. At the outset, I wish to extend, on behalf of the government and people of China and in my own name, our sincere greetings and best wishes to you and, through you, to the people in all walks of life who have long endeavored to promote friendship with China and to the friendly people of France.

中法关系正处在承前启后的重要时刻。我来到法国，带来的是中国政府和人民对中法两国人民友谊的美好回忆和深化中法全面战略伙伴关系的真诚愿望。

China-France relationship is at an important juncture of building on past achievements to make new progress. I am visiting France, bringing with me a fond memory of the growth of China-France friendship and a keen desire to deepen our comprehensive strategic partnership from the government and people of China.

“吃水不忘挖井人。”此时此刻，我们都会想起两位伟人。50年前，在东西方冷战正酣的大背景下，毛泽东主席和戴高乐将军以超凡的战略眼光，毅然作出中法全面建交的历史性决策，在中法之间同时也在中国同西方世界之间打开了相互认知和交往的大门。从此，中法关系成为世界大国关系中的一对特殊关系，始终走在中国同西方主要发达国家关系前列。

As a Chinese proverb goes, ―When drinking water, one should never forget those who dug the well.‖ As we are meeting here, we cannot but think of two great men. Fifty years ago, at the height of the Cold War between the East and the West, with extraordinary strategic vision, Chairman Mao Zedong and General Charles de Gaulle courageously made the historic decision to establish full diplomatic relations between China and France, thus opening the door to mutual understanding and exchanges not only between China and France, but also between China and the

Western world. Ever since then, China-France relationship has become a special one among major-country relationships in the world, and it has always been at the forefront of China’s relations with major developed countries in the West.

总结过去的50年，中法两国和两国人民在发展两国关系中，共同培育了独立自主、相互理解、高瞻远瞩、合作共赢的精神。这一精神，对我们开创中法关系更加美好的未来具有重要指导意义。

Over the past 50 years, our two countries and peoples have followed the principle of independence, mutual understanding, strategic vision and win-win cooperation in growing our bilateral ties, a principle that will continue to guide us in steering this relationship toward an even brighter future.

——独立自主，是中华民族和法兰西民族的共有禀赋。中国和法国都是有着独特文明的古老国度。以黄河长江和卢瓦尔-罗讷水系为母亲河的两个伟大民族，都曾经长期引领各自所在地区的文明发展进程。老子、孔子、墨子、孟子、庄子等中国诸子百家学说至今仍然具有世界性的文化意义，声名远扬的法国思想家们为全人类提供了宝贵精神财富。进入近现代，两国都经历了民族苦难、战火洗礼和对发展模式的艰辛探索，走出了符合本国国情的发展道路。中法都坚持独立自主的外交政策，不随波逐流，不随风起舞，积极倡导和致力于多边主义、世界多极化、国际关系民主化。

–Independence is a national trait of both the Chinese and the French nations. Both China and France have ancient histories and distinctive civilizations. Over a long period in history, our two great nations, nourished by our respective mother rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River and the Loire and the Rh?ne, set the pace of the development of civilization in our respective regions. The one hundred schools of thoughts represented by ancient Chinese philosophers such as Laozi, Confucius, Mozi, Mencius and Zhuangzi have remained culturally important for the world today; and the renowned French thinkers also contributed enormously to the intellectual advancement of mankind. In modern times, both China and France were once subjected to national subjugation and suffered from wars. We made strenuous efforts to explore the right development model and succeeded in embarking on development paths suited to our national conditions. Both China and France pursue an independent foreign policy instead of taking cues from others. And we both champion multilateralism, multi-polarity and democracy in international relations.

——相互理解，是中法关系发展的重要基石。50年前，戴高乐将军说：“中法两大民族都对对方怀有深厚的仰慕和尊敬，两国间存在的明显默契总有一天会发展成一种越来越深厚的合作。”两国特色鲜明的文化深深吸引着对方人民。历史上，中华文化曾经成为法国社会的时尚，在法国启蒙思想家的著作和凡尔赛宫的装饰中都能找到中华文化元素。同样，法国作家和艺术家的传世之作也深受广大中国读者喜爱。50年来，中法两国和两国人民相互尊重、平等相待、彼此信任，为两国关系走稳走远打下了重要基础。

–Mutual understanding is a cornerstone underpinning the growth of China-France relationship. Fifty years ago, General Charles de Gaulle said that given the profound admiration and respect between the Chinese and French nations, the affinity they share will one day lead to

ever-deepening cooperation. Our two peoples are fascinated by each other’s distinctive cultures. Chinese culture was greatly admired in France. The influence of Chinese culture can be found in the writings of French Enlightenment thinkers and the interior decoration of Versailles. Similarly, the masterpieces of French writers and artists are popular in China. In the past 50 years, our two countries have treated each other with respect, equality and trust, thus laying an important foundation for ensuring steady and long-term growth of bilateral relations.

我们都知道，中国共产党老一代领导人中很多是在法国负笈求学的，周恩来、邓小平、蔡和森、陈毅、聂荣臻等人就是他们中的佼佼者。由于这个原因，我青年时代就对法国文化抱有浓厚兴趣，法国的历史、哲学、文学、艺术深深吸引着我。读法国近现代史特别是法国大革命史的书籍，让我丰富了对人类社会政治演进规律的思考。读孟德斯鸠、伏尔泰、卢梭、狄德罗、圣西门、傅立叶、萨特等人的著作，让我加深了对思想进步对人类社会进步作用的认识。读蒙田、拉封丹、莫里哀、司汤达、巴尔扎克、雨果、大仲马、乔治·桑、福楼拜、小仲马、莫泊桑、罗曼·罗兰等人的著作，让我增加了对人类生活中悲欢离合的感触。冉阿让、卡西莫多、羊脂球等艺术形象至今仍栩栩如生地存在于我的脑海之中。欣赏米勒、马奈、德加、塞尚、莫奈、罗丹等人的艺术作品，以及赵无极中西合璧的画作，让我提升了自己的艺术鉴赏能力。还有，读凡尔纳的科幻小说，让我的头脑充满了无尽的想象。当然，法国的歌剧、芭蕾舞、建筑、体育、美食、时尚、电影等在中国也有广泛的吸引力。了解法兰西文化，使我能够更好认识中华文化，更好领略人类文明的博大精深、丰富多彩。

As many of you know, some of the first generation of leaders of the Communist Party of China studied in France, such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Cai Hesen, Chen Yi and Nie Rongzhen. Because of this, I developed a keen interest in French culture and particularly French history, philosophy, literature and art when I was a young man. By reading modern French history, especially writings on the French Revolution, I have gained a better perspective of the laws governing the political and social evolution of the human society. By reading Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Saint-Simon, Fourier and Sartre, I have deepened my understanding of how progress of the mind propels progress in society. By reading Montaigne, La Fontaine, Molière, Stendhal, Balzac, Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, George Sand, Flaubert, Alexandre Dumas, fils, Maupassant and Romain Rolland, I have better appreciated life with all its joys and sorrows. I still recall vividly literary characters such as Jean Valjean, Quasimodo and Boule de Suif. By watching the works of Millet, Manet, Degas, Cézanne, Monet and Rodin and the paintings of Zao Wou-ki which integrate elements of both East and West, I have refined my artistic taste. And by reading science fictions written by Jules Verne, I have discovered a new world where imagination knows no boundary. French opera, ballet, architecture, sports, food, fashion and film all hold great appeal to people in China. Learning about the French culture has also helped me better appreciate both the Chinese culture and the profound nature and rich diversity of human civilizations.

——高瞻远瞩，是中法关系发展的根本保证。50年来，中法历代领导人以登高望远的战略眼光，“不畏浮云遮望眼”，坚持不懈进行着超越集团对抗、求同存异、和平共处、互利共赢的探索和实践。法国是第一个同中国建立全面伙伴关系、全面战略伙伴关系，开展战略对话的西方大国。中法两国开展了许多具有开创性的战略合作。两国在国际事务中保持密切沟通，积极推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。

–Foresight and strategic vision is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring the growth of China-France relationship. Over the past five decades, the successive leaders of our two countries, never distracted by temporary problems, have approached our relationship with foresight and strategic vision. They have devoted themselves to pursuing peaceful coexistence and win-win outcome by rising above the mindset of bloc confrontation and seeking common ground while shelving differences. France is the first western power to have established a comprehensive partnership and then a comprehensive strategic partnership with China and to have entered into strategic dialogue with it. Our two countries have been engaged in ground-breaking strategic cooperation in many areas. We have maintained close communication on international affairs and worked together to build a more just and equitable international order.

——互利共赢，是中法关系持续发展的强大动力。中法合作是双赢的事业，两国人民是这一事业的最大受益者。50年来，双边贸易额比建交之初增加500多倍；人员往来从无到有，已经接近每年200万人次；有5万法国人正在学习汉语，学习法语的中国人数达到10万。不久前，苏菲·玛索走上了中国收视率极高的马年春节联欢晚会舞台。中法合作潜移默化影响着两国人民生活，必将为中华民族和法兰西民族创造出越来越多的福祉。

–Win-win cooperation is a powerful engine driving the growth of China-France relationship. Our cooperation is mutually beneficial and our peoples are the greatest beneficiaries of such cooperation. Over the past five decades, two-way trade has increased by over 500 times from the early days of our diplomatic ties. The number of people going on mutual visits, virtually zero at the beginning, has soared to close to two million each year. Fifty thousand French are learning Chinese and 100,000 Chinese are learning French. French actress Sophie Marceau appeared in the Spring Festival Gala performance, the most popular TV show in China. China-France cooperation is quietly changing the lives of the Chinese and French peoples and will surely bring ever greater benefits to them.

词汇

Tips in doing translation

了解演讲的文化背景、内容和意图，协调于译文扣住演讲人的喜怒哀乐，翻译出原文情感

注意直接引语和专有名词翻译的精准性

斟酌原受众和现受众的文化略增略减

议论文的特征及翻译要点

Argumentative

注意

The V oice of Reason shall not remain silent

The voice of reason shall not remain silent

An inscription engraved in the ring of the Jewish king David: ―This, too, shall pass‖. Whereas the motto in the ring of a character in Chekhov’s novel says ―Nothing shall pass‖. In what ways will these two profound inscriptions provoke us?

Recently, German Chancellor Angela Merkel apparently failed to escape a ―storm‖. She suffered collective questions from the German intelligent circle by openly declaring ―being overjoyed‖ at Osama Bin Laden’s death. Although she has apologized quite a number of times in hope to subside the storm, they turned out to be too weak to appease the public outrage. Worse Still, some German judges even intended to prosecute her.

Being the leader of German Christian Democratic, Angela Merkel should have known that according to the Chritian doctrine, all lives are born equal, including that of a criminal, and should be respected. Though an authoritative leader, Merkel could not be forgiven with the seemingly minor error that trepassed the bottom line of German intellecturals.

Here is another case in point. Not long ago, the doctoral thesis of the former defense minister of Germany was suspected of plagiarism, which has triggered tremendous public outrage. To protect this political star-to-be, Merkel defended him, claimiing ―what he promises and we need is a politician rather than a professor‖. However, 20,000German professors joined a petition to protest. Once again Merkel’s face failed to be saved, and again the ―let pass‖policycame to naught.

We are deeply touched by shc voices of reason. It is precisely due to these intellectuals who possess a nothing shall pass attitude towards the authority, that the valuable tradition of rigorous academic circles in Germany could be maintained.

However, who is to say that such voices have been drowned in the vast territory of China with five throusand years of spendor and shame?

The book of Tea

Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in themselves are apt to overlook the greatness of little things in others. The average Westerner, in his sleek complacency, will see in the tea ceremony but another instance of the thousand and one oddities which constitute the quaintness and childishness of the East to him. He was wont to regard Japan as barbarous while she indulged in the gentle arts of peace: he calls her civilised since she began to commit wholesale slaughter on Manchurian battlefields. Much comment has been given lately to the Code of the Samurai, --the Art of Death which makes our soldiers exult in selfsacrifice; but scarcely any

attention has been drawn to Teaism, which represents so much of our Art of Life. Fain would we remain barbarians, if our claim to civilisation were to be based on the gruesome glory of war. Fain would we await the time when due respect shall be paid to our art and ideals.

人们如果不能对己身不凡之处，复又感到渺小，多半也就无法察觉他人平凡之中的伟大。一般的西方人总是志得意满，茶仪在他们的眼中，只是另一个《一千零一夜》的故事，用来建构他们心目中的东方，是多么诡异与幼稚。当日本沉浸于优雅和平的技艺时，他们一贯视日本为蛮夷之邦；一直到日本在满洲战场杀害了无数生灵，才改口称日本是文明国家。西方世界近来对日本的兴趣，也只是针对“武士道”----这项让日本军士对自我牺牲如痴如狂的“死的艺术”，却很少注意到深深代表“生的艺术”的茶道。如果必须要藉由战争的凶光，才能被视为文明，那我们乐于永远野蛮。如果终有一天，我们的技艺与理念将受到应得的尊敬，我们也乐于继续等待.

When will the West understand, or try to understand, the East? We Asiatics are often appalled by the curious web of facts and fancies which has been woven concerning us. We are pictured as living on the perfume of the lotus, if not on mice and cockroaches. It is either impotent fanaticism or else abject voluptuousness. Indian spirituality has been derided as ignorance, Chinese sobriety as stupidity, Japanese patriotism as the result of fatalism. It has been said that we are less sensible to pain and wounds on account of the callousness of our nervous organisation!

西方究竟何时才能够，或者才愿意理解东方呢？西方总是用某些事例，加上各种幻想，在亚洲人身上，织起一层层怪奇之网。其内容时常令人悚然以惊，要么不是把我们想成以莲花的香气为生，要么就是相信我们以蟑螂老鼠为食。我们的形象不是狂热迷信，而不愿觉醒；就是沉溺于最低下的感官享受，而不图振作。笑印度的灵性修炼为无知；讥中国的中庸之道为愚蠢；而日本的爱国精神不过是自愿受命运摆布罢了。甚至还认为亚洲人由于神经组织麻木迟钝，所以比较不会感到痛楚！

课堂讲解部分

The Establishment of China-France Diplomatic Relations

Your Excellency President Hollande, Ladies and Gentlemen, dear Friends,

It gives me great pleasure to be with you in the beautiful city of Paris in the lovely spring to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of China-France diplomatic ties.

General Charles de Gaulle once said that given, the profound admiration and respect between the Chinese and French nations, the affinity they share will one day lead to ever-deepening cooperation. Chinese culture was greatly admired in Franch. The influence of Chinese culture can be found in the writtings of French Enlightenment thinkers and the interior decoration of Versailles. French actress Sophie Marceau appeared in the Spring Festival Gala performance, the most popular TV show in China.

We will never forget the important contribution made by numerous French friends to the cause of China’s development. Jean-Guillaume Houel, a military docut, rescued a little Chinese girl

trapped in a lift during the devastating Wenchuan earthquake despite strong aftershocks. And Mr. Alan Perrin was recently appointed head coach of the Chinese men’s national football team. The Chinese football fans have great expectations in him and I wish him the best of luck.

Napoleon Bonaparte once compared China to a sleeping lion and observed that when she wakes she will shake the world. Now China, the lion has awakened, but it is a peaceful, amicable and civilized lion.

A review of what we have achieved gives me more confidence on advancing our friendship at a new historical starting point. Let us work hard to open up even brighter prospects for China-France relationship!

On World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development

In 2001, the United Nations General Assembly declared 21 May as World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development to highlight the importance of the values of peace and solidarity. The Day is meant as a signal to those who seek to sow divisions among human beings that such attempts will always be resisted by those who believe in the far greater forces of tolerance and mutual understanding.

联合国大会于2001年宣布5月21日为世界文化多样性促进对话和发展日，以彰显和平与团结的价值至关重要。该世界日的用意是警告那些企图在人类社会中制造分裂者：这种企图永远会受到相信容忍和相互谅解的力量更为强大者的抵制。

A world of peace and solidarity can only be accomplished by acknowledging and celebrating our diversity. For this year’s observance of World Day for Cultural Diversity, the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations and UNESCO are partnering with others –from the grassroots to big businesses – on a campaign to ―Do ONE Thing‖ for diversity and inclusion on May 21.

只有承认和颂扬我们的多样性，才能实现一个和平与团结的世界。对于今年纪念世界文化多样性促进对话和发展日的活动来说，联合国不同文明联盟和教科文组织与从基层到大型企业等其他方面携手合作，于5月21日开展针对多样性和包容性的“做一件事”活动。

The campaign calls on all people – from youth to policy-makers, from religious leaders to journalists, entrepreneurs and others who shape opinions and trends – to speak up for the spiritual, social and economic wealth we derive from cultural diversity. On this day, and throughout our lives, let us take steps –small and large, with families and friends, old and new –that will strengthen bonds, deepen our understanding of the value of cultural diversity and help us to live together better.

这一活动呼吁所有人，不论是青年还是决策者，是宗教领袖还是记者，是企业家还是影响舆论和趋势者，共同为我们从文化多样性中所获得的精神、社会的经济财富而呐喊。在这一天，

以及在我们的一生中，让我们与家人和新老朋友一道，迈出或大或小的步骤，加固各种纽带，加深我们对文化多样性价值的了解，并帮助我们共同过上更美好的生活。

It is wonderful to be back in Japan. Some of you may be aware that when I was a young boy, my mother brought me to Kamakura, where I looked up at that centuries-old symbol of peace and tranquility — the great bronze Amida Buddha. And as a child, I was more focused on the matcha ice cream. (Laughter.) And I want to thank Prime Minister Hatoyama for sharing some of those memories with more ice cream last night at dinner. (Laughter and applause.) Thank you very much. But I have never forgotten the warmth and the hospitality that the Japanese people showed a young American far from home.

再次来到日本真令人高兴。我小时候，母亲带我来过镰仓，在那里，我抬头望见历史悠久的和平与安宁的象征——巨大的青铜阿弥陀佛。作为一个孩子，抹茶冰淇淋对我更有吸引力。（笑声）我要感谢鸠山首相，昨天的晚宴上有更多的冰淇淋，与我一起分享了过去的一些回忆。（笑声和掌声）多谢大家。但我从未忘记日本人民对一个远离家乡的美国孩子所表现的热情好客。

And I feel that same spirit on this visit: In the gracious welcome of Prime Minister Hatoyama. In the extraordinary honor of the meeting with Their Imperial Majesties, the Emperor and Empress, on the 20th anniversary of his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne. In the hospitality shown by the Japanese people. And of course, I could not come here without sending my greetings and gratitude to the citizens of Obama, Japan.

在此次访问期间，我感受到了同样的热情。因为鸠山首相给予了殷勤的接待。我还有幸在天皇即位20周年之际会见天皇和皇后陛下。日本人民也展示了热情好客的风貌。当然，我来到这里不可能不向日本小滨市（Obama）市民表示我的问候和感激之情。

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新东方内容整理 7．11： Writing: A.托福写作主要是注重daily affairs,而不是political issues. 注重的是examples,而不是critical thinking and reasoning. 是低级写作，而不是高级写作。 注重vocabulary和sentence structure. B. score5： a．Effectively address the topic and task. b. well organized: Structure: Introduction Body1 Body2 Body3 Conclusion C. unity(切题)，progression(层次)，coherence(连贯，承接词) Firstly, . Theoretically speaking, . For instance, . Moreover, . Briefly, . d．Word choice, syntactic variety 词汇的转换： E.g. 好：good better best nice(低级) Excellent, perfect, （中级） Outstanding, brilliant, fantastic, awesome, remarkable, impressive, extraordinary, fabulous （高级）词组的转换：由低级结构向高级结构转化。 陈强调了由adj.+n.向n.+of+n.的转化。 E.g. A man of wisdom An individual of intelligence A man of respect A book of deep philosophy A magazine of good sales A flower of beauty Patriotism is the tree of liberty refreshed from time to time with the blood of tyrants and patriots. Thomas Jefferson It was the best of time, it was the worst of time; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. We have everything before us, we have nothing before us; we are all going direct to the heaven, we are all going direct to the other way.

笔译笔记整理

英语和汉语的差异 Synthetic vs．Analytic 综合与分析 English is a synthetic language marked with inflections(曲折变化形式)，while Chinese is an analytic language without any inflection，which is usually implied in the context or explicitly shown in such words as“着、了、过”etc． Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the next year． 由于受到这样的鼓励，他们为第二年制订了一个更大胆的计划。 Compact vs．Diffusive 紧凑与松散 English sentences are compact tightly combined with connectives or prepositions，while Chinese is diffused，that is，loose in structure． Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part，thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer．现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的便携式微型计算机。 A notion has taken hold in the US to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them．在美国有一个根深蒂固的观点，说是只有对那些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。 Hypotactic vs．Paratactic 形合与意合 In English．clauses or phrases are coordinated with or subordinated to one another syntactically while in Chinese theY are placed one after another without coordinating connectives．The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside．彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession．他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。 Complex vs. Simplex 繁复与简单 English sentences are long and complex，while Chinese sentences are short and simple．For example： Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quality of the natural product cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement，or，more often，because the physical properties of the synthetic substance．which is the common name for man．made materials，have been chosen．and even emphasized，so that it would be Of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied．人造材料通称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在其应用领域将具有极大的用途。 Impersonal vs．Personal 物称与人称 There are more impersonal structures in English than in Chinese，as shown in the following examples： ·What has happened to you? 你出了什么事儿啦? ·An idea suddenly struck me．我突然想到一个主意。 ·A strange peace canle over her when she was alone 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。 ·Not a sound reached our ears．我们没有听到任何声音。 ·A great elation overcame them．他们欣喜若狂。 ·The truth finally dawned on her．她最终明白了真相。 Passive vs．Active 被动与主动