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论国际商务英语翻译策略

论国际商务英语翻译策略

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《商场现代化》2006年8月(下旬刊)总第477期

所谓商务英语翻译策略就是商务英语翻译人员获取、储存、提取和处理需要翻译信息的方法和步骤。它既是指翻译者的心理过程,也指其具体行为。国内学者认为学习策略包括认知策略和元认知策略,学习策略是对何时使用何种技术和技巧的决策过程以及对技术、技巧本身的认识。但是,针对如何系统认识商务英语翻译策略,提高商务英语翻译水平却是研究甚少。笔者认为翻译策略对于学习商务英语具有举足轻重的作用,经过较长时期的专门研究,总结提炼出以下四大策略:

一、核心策略(Core Strategy)做好商务英语翻译的首要任务是牢牢掌握商务核心语言(Core language)。商务核心语言体现通用的基本商务词汇、基本语法、基本文体、基本的商务交际规范主要指商务习惯用法。

BEC和TOEIC考查的都是商务英语核心语言。剑桥商务英语证书(BEC),是教育部考试中心和英国剑桥大学考试委员会合作于1993年起举办商务英语证书考试,对成绩及格者提供由英国剑桥大学考试委员会颁发的标准统一的成绩证书,该证书可以作为确认证书持有者英语能力证明的首选证书。国际交流英语测评(TOEIC)是美国教育考试服务处(ETS)在1979开发的考试,针对在国际工作环境中使用英语交流的人们的英语能力的测评。因为TOEIC考试能对人们使用英语进行交流的能力做出公正客观的测量,所以它成为当今世界上顶级职业英语能力测评。

有几个标准能检验我们是否掌握了商务英语核心语言。比如:是否掌握了基本的商务词汇,尤其是常用词的基本义项及其搭配;是否掌握基本的语法范畴和语法结构,包括养成自动运用语法规则进行句

法分析的能力;能否深入领会商务英语词句的精神实质。

掌握核心策略,有助于界定商务英语翻译范围。树立了明确目标,商务英语翻译水平的高低就具有了可比性。

二、结合策略(Combination Strategy)实施翻译需要具体技术,具体技术主要来源于阅读翻译专著。有关翻译理论知识的专著在国内颇多。像《翻译适应选择论》、《等效翻译探索》、《实用翻译教程》、《英汉与汉英翻译教程》、《新英汉翻译教程》、《汉英翻译教程》、《实用翻译教程》都可以给我们提供一个粗略的理论框架,引导我们正确地认识在实践中所得到的经验和体会。

在商务英语翻译过程中,要特别重视应用翻译理论解决翻译实践中的问题。

结合策略可以解决翻译理论与商务英语翻译实践“两张皮”的问题。商务英语翻译水平的提高离不开翻译理论的指导,商务英语翻译实践必须与翻译理论相结合。

三、控制策略(Control Strategy)商务英语翻译必须对译文进行管理,必须对以下几个方面实施严密控制:

一是必须保存原文的思想风格。使用符合译文习惯的地道的语言来表达,包括克服原语干扰,尽量避免机械地按原文的表达方式进行翻译。翻译结果应该是流畅、生动、地道的译文,而不是受制于原文的语言形式。

二是处理好不可译性。英汉两种语言之间有时存在一定差异,存在不可译性。进行商务英语翻译时应对原文和译文对语言文化和表达方式等方面的差异进行分析,套用各种翻译的方法与技巧,最大限度地再现原文思想内容与各种色彩。不可译的东西虽然存在但毕竟不多,英汉词义

论国际商务英语翻译策略

孙圣勇 广东水利电力职业技术学院

[摘 要] 商务英语翻译策略可以指导国际商务英语翻译。系统的商务英语翻译策略包括核心策略、结合策略、控制策略和文化策略。学会四大策略主要用来界定商务英语翻译的范围,实现翻译理论与实践的结合,对译文实施严密控制,阐明商务英语翻译的文化根基。

[关键词] 英语翻译 国际商务 策略范围有时出现完全互不对应和部分对应的情况,有时在译文中找不到对应的词语,翻译时只有根据上下文使用近义的表达方法把意思表达清楚。如果基本不影响理解,可以采用音译法处理。

三是努力避免错误。商务英语翻译中应做到眼勤、手勤、嘴勤,不懂就问,不知就查,勤于思考。即使是最常用的词或词组,只要有一点疑难,都应当如此。切忌望文生义,生搬硬套地“对号入座”的译法。中国学生在将汉语翻译成英语时,常常会站在汉语的角度去审视翻译出来的英语的正确性,不断出现翻译错误,造成信息传递的梗塞,让人感到不知所云。主要有两类常见的错误。第一类是词汇错误。如:物价低廉。(误)The prices arecheap.(正)The prices are low.第二类是语法错误。如:出席的代表都同意他的提议。(误)The present representatives agreed tohis motion.(正)The representatives presentagreed to his motion.再如:有人认为应当进一步谈判。(误)There are some peoplethink we should have further negotiations.(正)Somc people think we should havefurther negotiations.

学会控制策略,就好比驾驶员开车行驶,去哪里,必须有个目的地;要知道有些情况下是不能行驶的;要遵守交通法规,违反规定是要受到惩罚的。

四、文化策略(Culture Strategy)商务英语翻译过程中要特别注意文化因素。译文读者常常在文化素养、理解水平、兴趣爱好等方面不同于原文读者。不少译者常常采用译者注的方式进行补救。对所译商务英语内容不熟悉导致商务英语翻译十分困难。商务英语涉足领域浩瀚,翻译时对原文表达的内容不一定熟悉,专业不一定内行,对原作者使用的词句、表达方式、写作风格不一定喜欢,不一定擅长。因此,翻译前应下苦工夫学习有关知识。商务英语翻译,要对有关时代背景、有关国家、地区的社会、政治、经济、地理、历史、风俗、习惯、文化、生活等方面都有所了解。只有这样,才能深入理解原文,做好商务英语的翻译工作。在商务英语翻译实践中要重点解决这一思路问题。

学会文化策略好比是商务英语翻译的“纲”,抓住了“纲”“目”自然就张了。

商业视角

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1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易,它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 2.随着经济一体化进程的发展,很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此,在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的,这既有益于企业的发展,又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement 3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同,承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。 Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project 4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现,即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5.除了国际贸易和投资,国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market. (二) 1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念,区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。 GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country's income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place 2.要估评某一市场的潜力,人们往往要分析其收入水平,因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. 3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域,高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家 Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income 4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100 美元以上,但几年前它还是个低收入国家。 China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 5.就中国来说,周围还有其他应特别关注的市场,如亚洲四小虎,东盟国家,俄罗斯等国,这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力,能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. (三) 1.过去的几十年,地区经济一体化越来越严重。 The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration. 2 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致,而且还应适用同一的货币。 The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency. 3 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一,此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定,并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty 4APEC 建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12 位成员国出席,分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12members of Australia,the united states,canada,japan,republic of korea,new zealand and six ASEAN countries. 5 著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区,它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991 年建立的。 The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and

商务英语翻译答案

Unit 1 1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看,你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。 I see from your résumé and application that you’ve had quite a lot of experience in marketing already. 2.如果你处在我的位置,你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质? If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees? 3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。 A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative. 4.作为秘书,我做过大量的文字工作,如拟写报告、作会议记录等,而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。As a secretary, I’ve had to do quite a lot of paper work, such as handling report writing, keeping minutes at meetings, and I seem to have a better memory than average. 5.从秘书的角度看,我认为和上司共享一个办公室更好,这样对她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情。 From the secretary’s point of view I think it’s better to share an office room with her boss so that there’s not much chance of her superior forgetting to let her know about important matters. 6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司,主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。The company where I worked is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultant work for foreign companies investing in China. 7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会,而且这里的工作对于我来说更具挑战性。 I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. 8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍,并且替他处理信件。 What I basically do is to assist the manager by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and to deal with his correspondence. 9.申请书和简历一样重要,因为申请书通常是申请者和雇主之间第一次直接的接触。 The application letter can be as important as the CV in that it often provides the first direct contact between an applicant and an employer. 10.有效的申请书能说明你对具体单位兴趣的原因,并且辨认出你最相关的技能或经历。 Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. Unit2 1.本公司创建于1978年,现在已经成为我国主要的厨房用具出口商之一。 Our company, established in 1978, has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances in our country. 2.我们在国内有十家专业子公司,在国外有六家常驻办事处。我们在国内还建立了二十多家合资公司。 We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent offices abroad. We’ve also set up more than 20 joint ventures in the home market. 3.我们是多元化企业,主要是经营国际贸易、国际运输、劳务输出、房地产等。 We are a diversified company dealing mainly in international trade, international transportation, labor export, real estate and so on. 4.我们从事纺织品经营已经有30多年,并与当地纺织品大厂家及分销商保持密切的联系。 We have been handling textiles for more than 30 years and maintain close contact with large manufacturers and distributors in our area. 5.为了迅速发展,我们组成了多元化战略联盟,使我们能扩大到新的市场领域。 In order to grow rapidly, we’ve formed a diversifying strategic alliance which allows us to expand onto new market areas. 6.我们的目标主要是本地市场,但是我们也在研究进入欧洲市场的可能性。 We mainly target local markets, but we are looking at the possibility of entering the European market. 7.我们公司的领导体系是这样的:首先是合伙人;其次,直接在合伙人之下的是三位合作伙伴,也就是,最上层是两位合伙人和直接在合伙人之下的三个合作伙伴。在合作伙伴之下,我们有高级工程师、初级工程师、绘图员等,一直往下至办公室的勤杂工。 The system of command of our company is that we have the partners, and then we have three associates immediately below the partners, that is, two partners at the top and three associates directly below them. And then below the associate we have senior engineers, junior engineers, drafts-person and so on and so forth, down to the office boy. 8.我们是新成立的公司,只有大约五年的历史。公司共有四十名员工,分布在四个办事处中。 We’re a young company, only about five years old. There are only about 40 people in the company, split amongst four offices. 9. 谈到进口在中国畅销的美国产品,我们作为一家在中国的美国公司,感到比其他公司更有优势。 As an American company in China we find we have an advantage over other companies when it comes to importing American products that are marketable here in China.

商务英语翻译考试

考试简介 全国商务英语翻译(ETTBL)是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试,以全国《商务英语翻译教程》(口译/笔译)的培训大纲为基础,内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课,侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌,弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口,培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才,缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期,尽快适应工作;提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力,更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后,参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定,根据考评结果,颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据,是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用,并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库,借助中国商务人才网()的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。

职业定义 初级:能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级:能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书,办公室主管等。 高级:能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师:能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译,并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师:能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译;在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译,解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生,不论学历高低,均可参加。

《商务英语翻译》复习题

一、单项选择题 1、在21世纪的今天,国际商务活动日益频繁。这些商务活动的许多领域,如技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际金融、涉外保险,国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等,所使用的英语统称为()。 A.商务英语B.常用英语C.日常英语D.交际英语2、1898年,清代翻译家严复在《天演论·译例言》中提出 ()的翻译标准。 A.直译B.音译C.信、达、雅D.功能对等3、综观国内外翻译家们的观点,中外翻译标准其实质上有一致性,即() A.不同小异B.信息对等C.兼顾风格D.尊重文化4、翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的过程。美国著名翻译理论家奈达将翻译过程分为()四个阶段。 ①理解②分析③转换④归类⑤重组⑥检验A.②③⑤⑥B.①②④⑤C.①④⑤⑥D.①③④⑤5、商务英语语篇指在商务活动中使用的各种正式与非正式文件,具有()的特点。 ①专业性②实用性③丰富性④多样性⑤行业性A.②④⑤B.①②④C.②③④D.①②⑤ 6、在进行商务英语翻译时要考虑语体对等、术语对等和()的翻译原则。 A.语义对等B.忠于原文C.风格相同D.灵活转换7、商务英语语句的最大特点是()和逻辑严密。A.简洁明快B.内容多样C.专业性强D.长句较多8、根据商务英语的特点,常用的翻译有如下几种:拆句法、词性转换法、肯定否定转换译法、语序重组法、以及( )。 ①添词法②增译法③省译法④语境模拟法⑤重复法

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