研究生基础综合英语词汇题

词汇题

Unit 1

1.this research seems to lend some validity to the theory that

n.有效，合法性; 效力; 正确，正当; 正确性;

The committee is examining the legality and validity of management

decisions on past deals.

委员会当前正在审核公司管理层就以往收购案做出的决策的合法性和有效性。

2.war has been an additional impediment to progress.

n.妨碍，阻止; 口吃，结巴; 障碍物; 法定婚姻的障碍;

High and rising debt burdens are a structural impediment to growth.

过重并且还在不断增加的债务负担是增长中的一个结构性障碍。

3.anthea was about to play her trump card: without her

n.王牌，将牌;

While personality helps, mostashari's trump card is money.

虽然他的个性也帮了不小的忙，但莫斯塔沙瑞最大的王牌还是钱

4.I flunked my second year exams and

v.<美><口>( flunk的过去式和过去分词); （使）（考试、某学科的成绩等）不及格; 评定（某人）不及格; （因不及格而）退学;

I almost flunked last semester.

我上学期差点不及格

5.I didn’t want to lose my composure in front of her.

n.镇静，沉着; 头脑镇定或沉着的状态;

What england would have given for his composure.

英格兰队会对他的镇静奖赏什么。

6.consider office safety to be a priority.

n.优先，优先权; （时间，序上的）先，前; 优先考虑的事; [数]优先次序;

Introduce a clear top-down stance that defines the priority of social initiatives.

引入清晰完整的社交立场，确定社交举措的优先级别。

7. e senators listened to a parade of local residents giving

v.游行; 展览; 招摇过市; 接受检阅;

n.检阅; 游行; 一系列; 炫耀;

Did you ever see such a grand parade?

你曾看过如此壮观的游行吗？

8.thousands of lives will be at stake if emergency aid

adv.危如累卵，危险;

濒于险境，处于成败关头;

Ministers insist they are fully aware that their credibility is at stake.

部长们坚持他们充分意识到他们的信誉攸关大局。

9.brierley’s book has the merit of being both informative and readable

n.价值，优点; [宗教]（行善得到的）功德; 功绩，功勋; 荣誉;

vt.值得，应获得; [宗教]（因行善而）应得（善报）;

vi.值得，应得; [宗教]积德;

That remedy comes from economics so the discipline is not without merit.

这个补救措施源自经济学研究，因此不是毫无价值的。

10.I think there was a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.

n.阴谋; 反叛; 共谋;

Lessin is aiming for a narrow audience, a business model as old as

stock newsletters and conspiracy theorists cranking out pamphlets in their basements. 莱辛将出版物定位在小众人群上，商业模式有些像老套的股票简报和阴谋家在地下室里印制出来的小册子。

Unit 2

11.equally difficult for them to accept criticisms gracefully.

adv.优美地; 优雅地; 雅致地; 温文地;

In conversation, it is evident that she chooses gracefully to evade the

categories imposed upon her by her captors.

谈话中，很显然她选择了优雅地避而不谈那些她的囚禁者们强加给她的主题。

12.Mr. Deng Xiaoping for taking the plunge and initiating

13.where she and her entourage could relax in comfort

14.what is the use of whining about your bad luck?

15.the rising real estate prices thwarted his ambition of owning

16.her eyes brimming with tears and hatred.

17.and gives his expert advice on how to navigate their reaches.

18.deep and growing steadily, relentlessly deeper.

19.of the nature of his illness and its likely prognosis.

20., in an attempt to bolster their failing self-image.

21.is one whose eaves protrude over the wall.

22.Thus the health officials placed all its crew in quarantine

Unit 3

23.given the sophistication of modern machines,

24., john was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident.

25.many youngsters a reasonable surrogate for “real life”,

26.the president extolled the virtues of free enterprise and

27.he enjoyed deriving perverse satisfaction from

28.I endorse everything that has been said from

29.members of the parliament derided the Government’s response to

30.the poor woman was defrauded of her money

31.he began swinging into the gaggle of giggling photographers

32.businessman was faced with racketeering charges that may

Unit 4

33.beginning to feel that it border on the unconstitutional.

34., with a hierarchy most powerful at the top and

35.everything which is the spur of theory.”

36.that there was a curse upon anyone who entered the pyramid.

37.as well as being a catalyst for economic development.

38., almost shiveled, in the huge chair,

39.between the parties remain as potentially irreconcilable as ever.

40.than a trashy song cooked up as a commercial gimmick.

41.the house in exchange for the materials he could salvage.

42., as though he might run amok,or bite.

43.and cobbled together a book out of it.

44.some sociologists tend to bemoan the loss of

Unit 5

45.“you just can’t escape the fact that we’re in a transformational period,”

46.I think you’ve just put your finger on the biggest problem

47.The great conundrum of my life is that my public career

48.Flummoxed by the surreality of history and

49.........societies that the raison d’etre of politics is freedom.

50.graduates in 2006 decreased, which reveals stagnation in economy.

51.Financial incentives are said to exist where

52.in India have the yearning for formal school education.

53.t be admitted that Challenger is provocative in the last degree,

54.Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness,

Unit 6

55.In the flollowing week,the question reiterated itself in his mind,

56.,namely the tolerance margins which our benign nature always provides.

57.A disruptive innovation is a technological innovation,product,

58.The fiscal income of Tibet Autonomous Region hit 1.06 billion yuan (US$133)

59.We apologize for the sluggishness of TypePad-powered sites this morning,

60.The office boy tried to dissipate the smoke by

61.The concept that people are born equal is embodied in the American constitution.

62.,and incurred the wrath of a waitress for allegedly failing to leave a tip.

63.,those who are not subdued into silence.

Speeches or statements made in public that revealingly people because

研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理

Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者） 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人） 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b211063682.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相

考研英语词汇练习题及答案(一)

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2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析

2017年在职研究生考研英语二真题及答案解析 考研教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

研究生基础综合英语复习范围

第一单元 妨碍impediment初等文化者semiliterate中途,缀学dropout空想家do-gooder有魅力charmer 钢铁般steely 使不及格flunk 冷静compose 游行parade 阴谋conspiracy 证词，证言testimony 学术生涯academic life 危险at stake 度过get by 坚持follow through 安定settle down 毕业证书diploma 王牌trump card 1. This research seems to lend some validity （有力的）to the theory that the drug might cause cancer. 2」n a number of developing countries ,war has been an additional impediment （障碍）to progress . 3. A nthe was about to play her trump card （王牌卡），without her sig nature none of the money could be released . 4.1 flunked （挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college . 5.1 did not want to lose my composure （镇静）in front of her . 6. The man ageme nt did not seem to con sider office safety to be a priority （优先） 7. For three hours a committee of state sen ators liste ned to a parade （一系歹U） of local reside nts givi ng their opinions. 8. Thousa nds of lives will be at stake （在危机关头）if emerge ncy aid does not arrive in the city soon. 9. Brierley's book has the merit（优点）of being both information and readable . 10.1 think there was a conspiracy （阴谋）to keep me out of the committee . 1、Our youngest ,a world-class charmer ,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always get by . Un it Mrs Stifter. 我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，知道施蒂夫特夫人当 了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变。 2、Of average intelligenee or better ,they eventually quit school ,concluding they were dumb to finish . 这些学生的智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨了，学不下去了。 3、No one seems to stop to think that —no matter what environments they come from —most kids do not put school first on their list uni ess they perceive someth ing is at stake, They had rather be saili ng. 似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了 危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢，他们宁可混日子。 4、Young people gen erally do not have the maturity to value educati on in the same way my adult stude nts value it. 年轻人往往不够成熟，不能够像我的成人学生们那样去重视教育。 5、It is an expressi on of con fide nee by both teachers and pare nts that the stude nts have the ability to lear n the material prese nted to them .

历年考研英语翻译题高频词汇整理

2014年 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account 根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 2013年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提与、参考，synthetic人造的;

2012年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见， 50) track跟踪; 2011年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列; 2010年 46)rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

在职博士英语考试大纲

在职博士英语考试大纲 迅速发展的经济带来越来越重的经济压力，很多在职人员通过提升自己已获得更高的薪资，博士学位作为最高的学历，在职博士首当其冲成为首选，而当再一次面对英语考试，更多的是陌生和迷茫，国家统一考试规定的具体内容是什么呢?下面就为大家介绍一下在职博士英语考试大纲。 考试对象： 报考开设在职博士专业所属院校拟攻读博士学位的考生(全国统一试题)。 考试目的： 检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。 考试共有五个部分：词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(占40%)、英译汉占(15%)，写作(占20%)。试卷分为：客观试题，包括前三个部分，共75题，顺序排号;主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。 一、词汇： 主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。 共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。

二、完形填空： 主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。 三、阅读理解： 本部分共分两节。要求考生能： 1)掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节; 2)进行相关的判断和推理; 3)准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义; 4)领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。 A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。 B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成700-900词的阅读量(2篇短文)，并根据每篇文章(约400词)的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。 四、英译汉：

研究生基础综合英语邱东林版课后翻译答案1-8

课后文章翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师 警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考 试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半 文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学 习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’ s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她 求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之 间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑 不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳 达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意 识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱 情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的 祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty.The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post , Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda ’ s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’ t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree

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v1.0 可编辑可修改 1 考研英语真题高频词汇汇总（精编） 频率为26次的单词 growth n. 增加，增长(量)；生长，发展 technology n. 工艺，技术 theory n. 理论，原理；学说；看法，见解 频率为25次的单词 economy n. 经济(制度)，经济情况；节约，省俭 频率为23次的单词 behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止；运转情况 频率为21次的单词 account n. 账(目)，账户；叙述，说明vi. 说明(原因等)；(数量、比例方面)占 economic a. 经济(学)的，经济上的 频率为20次的单词 individual a. 单独的，个人的 频率为19次的单词 product n. 产品，产物；乘积 rate n. (比)率；速度，进度；价格，费用 频率为18次的单词 create vt. 创造，创建，创作；引起，产生 频率为17次的单词 decline vi.／n.下降，减少，衰退；婉拒 hard a ． 硬的，坚固的；烈性的；困难的ad ．努力地；猛烈地：困难地 频率为16次的单词 ability n. 能力，本领；才能，才智 频率为15次的单词 professional a ．专业的；高水准的 spot n. 斑点，污点；地点；一点儿vt ．认出，发现；玷污 tend vi ．倾向，趋向于vt.照管，护理 view n. 眼界；风景；(常用pl ．)看法vt ．看待；观察 频率为14次的单词 advocate vt/n. 鼓吹(者)，拥护(者) amount n. 数量vi ．合计；等同 community n. 团体，社会；界，族；社区;群落 concern vt. 关联；关心n. 企业；焦虑；关心 environment n ．环境，周围状况 factor n. 因素，要素 intelligence n. 智力，智慧；情报 likely a. 可能的，有希望的ad ．可能 return v./n. 回来；归还，送还；回答 social a. 社会的；交际的 频率为13次的单词 consequence n. 结果，后果；重要(性)，重大 drug n. 药物；（pl.）麻醉品，毒品 expert n. 专家，能手a.熟练的，内行的 extend vi. 延续；达到vt. 提供，发出 industrial a. 工业的，产业的 moral a. 道德(上)的n. 寓意，教育意义 频率为12次的单词 action n. 行为；活动；作用 adult n. 成(年)人a.成年人的，已成熟的 ambition n. 雄心；野心 competition n. 竞争，比赛 capacity n. 容量，容积；能力，才能 detail n. 细节，详情vt.详述，细说

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Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

【9A文】研究生基础综合英语课后答案汇总-附词汇

Unit1对F的赞美 1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。”很多诸如此类的抱怨。 4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话。”她告诉我。“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我。“我不会换高年级学生的座位。”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。”我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？“她要给你不及格。”我告诉我的儿子。我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 7我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。我最常听见的话是：“我本应该被留级。”更悲哀的是那些高中毕业生在上课几周后对我说：“我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。”