语态转换译法 12-13
语态转换译法Translation of Passive Voice
12-13-2010
例如：As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the
underground rock structure must be carried out . If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a
“drilling rig drilling rig”
” is assembled
. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick a derrick”
”. 译文：因为石油深
埋地下，所以单靠研究地面还不能确定有无石油储量。因此，必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘测。如果认为某地域岩层含有石油，那就在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。
It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck
struck,, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. (John Swales: Writing Scientific English) . 续：井架用来升吊分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔隙中。当孔隙钻成后，放入钢管以防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，需在油管顶部紧固加盖，使石油通过系列阀门流出。
英语中被动语态使用广泛。凡是在不必要说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，翻译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。
既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法。
译成汉语“被、受、由、把、遭、挨、使、给、为……所、加以、予以”等有标志的被动结构。
顺译法 (Translation in Original Order)
顺译成被动句
?英语被动句如果表达的是令人不快或不幸的事情，句中又有施动者，则正符合汉语被动句的使用条件。因此大都可以译成汉语的被动结构。例：His passport was confiscated by the police.
Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
Though Hamlet has been disappointed of the throne, every one respects him.
They are deprived of their rights.He was beaten black and blue.
A. 译成 “被” 字句
(Charlotte Bront?:
自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。
“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。
The little boy was criticized three times last week.
I was caught in the downpour.
This time he was tipped over by his buddies.
B. 译成“挨”字句
C. 译成“给”字句
“给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者
（受事者）不愉快或不愿接受的句子。
Our clothes were soaked with sweat.
The crops were washed away by the flood.
Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.
His father was killed beofore liberation.
D. D. 译成译成译成
“叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所” 等字句，用以加强说话、表
等字句，用以加强说话、表达语气。
You have been wetted in the rain.
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the
hospital.
The American President Bill Clinton was received with great honor
and much kindness when he paid a visit toChina.
A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in
the seaquake.
It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.
Other processes will be discussed briefly.
The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century.
He was looked down upon by all his friends.
顺译成主动句
A. 顺译成形式是主动，意义是被动的句子
把英语句子顺译成主动句，其形式是主动，但从意
义和逻辑关系上看还是被动句。
Love can not be forced.
Love and cough cannot be hidden.
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.
On their domestic stations events in the Middle east were reported briefly.
Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.
C. 顺译成“是……的”结构
英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一些具体情况。?句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义。“是……的”的句式。受事者——是——动词——的
That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother.
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain. China-ink stains cannot be washed out.
Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
倒译法(Translation in Reverse Order)
把原文中的主语译为宾语
1. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.
2. It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.
把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语
Heat is removed from the body during sweating. Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.
The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world.
Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.
In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush.
倒译成汉语的无主句
将原文主语倒译成汉语的宾语，译出的汉语句子常是无主句。有时也会译成动宾词组作主语的句子，这种译法更符合汉语习惯，通顺自然。对于原文中未提及动作执行者（施事者）的句子常可采取这种翻译方法。
Quality of products must be guaranteed first.
The goods are urgently needed.
When the anthem had been played, the Congress began. Smoking is not allowed here.
Children should be taught to speak the truth.
You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.
分译法(Splitting Translation)
把原文的主语部分或被动式谓语动词从原文中分出来，单独译成一个带主语或不带主语的分句，放在句首，剩余部分再译成一句或几句，跟在其后。
“It + be + V.-ed + that-cl. ”结构
原句的主语是先行代词It，翻译时添加“有人，人们，大家，我们”等作主语，常用于下列结构中：
It is asked that … 有人会问……
It is asserted that … 有人主张……
It is felt that … 有人感到……；人们认为……；It is preferred that…有人建议……
It is recommended that …有人建议……；有人推荐……It is suggested that … 有人建议……
It is stressed that … 有人强调说……
翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译
翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。 例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句
英语被动语态的翻译举例
英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如： 1）The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）. 3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。 4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。例如： 1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2）Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如： 1）His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2）The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4．成汉语的无主句。例如： 1）Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。 2）After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如： 1）He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2）Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们（大家，我们）都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3）She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4）It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……；众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人（将）会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如： 1）A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2）I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天，我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。
语态变换法
语态变换法 这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态。这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的：英语大量使用被动语态，而汉语则很少使用，即便使用，也不像英语那样有固定或比较统一的构成形式。譬如说，汉语的被动不是只用一个“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换语态，以使译文符合习惯用法，显得地道而自然。试看译例： 1．The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult，so we must get well prepared for it． 即将举行的物理考试据说相当困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。 2．If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing． 如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。 3．How can a series of motionless，or still，pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？ 4．Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen． 像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。 5．How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums？ 还要过多久黑白电视机才会被送进博物馆呢? 6．The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom． 全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。7．In order to do research in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course． 为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课程。8．A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system． 把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。9．Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used． 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。10．Goodyear，an American，had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard，non-sticky，and yet elastic． 有一个叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得硬而不粘，但是却有弹性。 11．There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons． 有几种放射性同位素是通过中子轰击原子核而产生出来的。 12．The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long
英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译
第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。如： （1）海水不可斗量。（2）文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在 人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。） 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3）Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?
在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？） 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 （一）译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短） （二）译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“（遭）受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”
被动语态的译法(12)
第五章被动语态的译法 （教学安排：2课时） 第一节英语被动句的译法 英语中被动语态使用范围很广，尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。这是一种十分有趣的比较。有人统计，《水浒传》全书仅仅用了120格被动句，而例1计14个谓语动词，竟用了13个被动语态。 例1 原文：As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the ground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig”is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called“a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. 译文： 英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句，只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯，又保持上下文连贯的译法。 英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况： 一、译成汉语主动句 1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。 例2 原文：On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 译文： 例3 原文：The whole country was armed in a few days. 译文： 例4 原文：The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 译文： 2．原句中的主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。 例5 原文：Another middle school has been set up in our district． 译文： 例6 原文：1，200 people had been saved by soldiers in the earthquake. 译文： 例7
被动语态的翻译
被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况： 一、译成汉语主动句。 1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。例如：Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国就武装起来了。 2．原句中的主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district．我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。 3．译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。 4．含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如：Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses．据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday．有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours．众所周知，自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有：it is said that... ／It is supposed that...／It must be pointed out that...／It is asserted that...／It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时，可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1．汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain，which caused severe flooding．华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击，引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2．译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫，十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete，and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚，占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述，英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句，只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯，又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时，既要注意语态转换的一般规则，也要注意其例外情况，有的被动语态形式已习语化了，更是不可忽视的。
被动语态翻译题
被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗？ 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。
8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗？ 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗？ 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.
16.即使问题的确出现了，也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下，这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。
22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容：复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑，就像人的克隆一样，在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时，其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一，然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已
经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说，人可以分为三种：一种是劳累至死的，一种是忧心至死的，还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而，必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度；他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。
英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法
被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩，结构更简单，还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如： You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如： You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如： He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
新东方武峰三级笔译被动语态的译法
第五节被动语态，练习及其译法、阅读理解讲解 第一部分被动语态的使用 1．主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态变被动语态要遵循以下的规律：“主（语）变宾（语），宾（语）变主（语），动词变‘be + done’，其余部分带下来。” *done代表各种动词的过去分词。 e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday. 主语动词宾语其余部分 The window was broken by the student yesterday. 主语动词（be done形式）宾语其余部分 I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一个箱子搬进房间。 The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一个箱子正在被我搬进房间。（主语I变成by形式，宾语a box变成主语放在句首，动词am carrying 变成is being carried形式，而其他部分into the room带到下句,一般将by结构省略。） 2．几种特殊句型的被动语态 ①含有双宾语句子的被动语态。 e.g.: I gave him a pen. 主语动词间接宾语直接宾语 本句有两种变法，既可以将间接宾语变成主语(a)，有可以把直接宾语变成主语(b)。 a. You were given a pen. b. A pen was given to you. 注意将直接宾语变成主语，要用to来连接动词和间接宾语（宾格形式），切不可省略。 ②含有复合宾语句子的被动语态。 e.g.: We elected him our president. 主语动词宾语宾语补足语 按照变化规律本句应变化为： He was elected our president by we (us). 但是有些情况（如下），要用to来连接宾语补足语和动词。 I made the door open. The door was made to open. *注意：在本句中make是使役动词(包括感观动词)，它后接不加to的不定式做宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时要将to还原，不可省略。 She saw me walking along the street. I was seen to being walked along the street ③含有情态动词句子的被动语态。 e.g.: He need look after his mother in the hospital. 按照变化规律本句应变化为： His mother need be looked after in the hospital. 含有情态动词句子变被动语态的规律是：情态动词+be+动词原形。 ④含有动词词组句子的被动语态。 e.g.: He looked at the picture. 按照变化规律本句应变化为： The picture was looked at by he (him).
5突破英文中被动语态的翻译 二
突破英文中被动语态的翻译二 动词的分配原则 中英文的总分关系 同位语的翻译 “重译法”和“抽象名词”的翻译方法 It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. 不知道这样的相似究竟有多么的稀少，或者是否最常见于硅酸盐的内含物当中，比如石
榴石，它的晶体结构总的来说从某种程度上类似于钻石，但是当存在时，这种相似就被认为是有说服力的证据，钻石和内含物确实是同源的。 It is not known that… How rare this resemblance is Or Eg. He wears a coat, a hat and a scarf. Such as garnet 例如：中国选手在跳水、乒乓球、羽毛球、体操等项目上都获得了金牌。 Whose That of diamond Is regarded as Diamond
现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于像石榴石一类的硅酸盐的内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就可以视作是极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确实是同源的。 而 The resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. Beijing, the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the
语态转换译法 12-13
语态转换译法Translation of Passive Voice 12-13-2010
例如：As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out . If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig drilling rig” ” is assembled . The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick a derrick” ”. 译文：因为石油深 埋地下，所以单靠研究地面还不能确定有无石油储量。因此，必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘测。如果认为某地域岩层含有石油，那就在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。
It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck struck,, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. (John Swales: Writing Scientific English) . 续：井架用来升吊分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔隙中。当孔隙钻成后，放入钢管以防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，需在油管顶部紧固加盖，使石油通过系列阀门流出。
英语被动语态的翻译策略
英语被动语态的翻译策略 【摘要】英语被动语态的使用非常广泛，汉语却相对较少使用。本文从比较英汉被动语态的表达方式与使用范围差异入手，发现英语显性形式的结构被动句使用普遍；而汉语存在“受事施动化”现象，常以主动形式表达被动意义。借用《名利场》与杨必译本这一对名著名译作为对比材料，归纳被动语态的翻译策略，并揭示翻译实践的启示。 【关键词】被动语态；英汉翻译策略；《名利场》；杨必译本 一、引言 语言的表达丰富多彩不拘一格。这也对翻译工作者提出了挑战，只有熟悉语言之间的差异，才能选择最理想的翻译策略。刘宓庆指出：“翻译实务也好、翻译研究也好、对比分析也好，思维上的选择性和批判性都是至关重要的，目的是择善从优，而这里的‘善’就是真实，‘优’就是‘适应性’（adaptability）――适应于目的、效果，适应于整体的，全局的发展”（x）。因此，翻译思维必须具有高度的选择性和批判性。译者必须丰富自己的语言能力，根据语境选择恰当的翻译策略。
《名利场》杨必译本以其生动流畅的语言被奉为经典译文。文心在《一仆二主》中如此评价：“读《名利场》，如读传统的白话文小说，通俗清新、美丽流畅的译文一下子拉近了读者与原著的距离，让人感到亲切、和蔼，欢欢喜喜地读下去”。杨必的译文之所以能达到这样的效果，不止是译者透彻理解原作，更在于译者能突破英语语法的束缚，采用丰富的翻译手段，从而译出了通达自如富有韵味的译文。因此本文选择这样的佳译，来比较英汉被动语态的差异，探究英语被动语态的翻译策略，希望能对翻译实践有所启示。 二、英汉被动语态的比较与分析 (一)基本特征与结构形式 被动句可以分为结构被动句和意义被动句。“结构被动句（syntactic passive）指可借助形态变化，即用动词的被动语态从结构上标示出来的被动句；意义被动句（notional passive）指不用动词的被动语态，而用主动的形式表达被动的含义”（邵志洪，230）。 英汉被动语态的使用差异很大。就基本特征而言，汉语的语态范畴是词汇化来表现，而英语用动词的屈折形态变化来标定。结构上，汉语的结构被动句基本有两类：①词汇标志，即“被”、“叫”、“给”、“让”；②“为…所”式、“是…的”式、“…的是…”式等特殊句式。英语句子必须主谓结构，若选择受事者作主语，则谓语基本结构固定，为“be + past
第八节 语态变换法
第八节语态变换法 这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态。这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的：英语大量使用被动语态，而汉语则很少使用，即便使用，也不像英语那样有固定或比较统一的构成形式。譬如说，汉语的被动不是只用一个“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换语态，以使译文符合习惯用法，显得地道而自然。试看译例： 1．The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult，so we must get well prepared for it． 即将举行的物理考试据说相当困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。2．If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing．
如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人 员必须能够在该飞机航程内提 出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。3．How can a series of motionless，or still，pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？4．Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen． 像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。5．How long will it be before black and white television sets are found only in museums？ 还要过多久黑白电视机才会被送进博物馆呢? 6．The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained
科技英语翻译--被动语态的译法1精品
翻译技巧第九节被动语态的译法 英汉对比研究表明，英语中被动语态的使用极为普遍，尤其是以科技英语为主。这是英 语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。在英语中，大凡为了强调受事，以突出其鲜明位置，而无需提 及主动者、无意点明主动者、无从说出主动者，为了上下文的衔接与连贯等等，或是出于礼 貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁的，往往都采用被动语态。例如： (1)When will we be interviewed? 我们什么时候来参加面试呢 ? (2)New British and American films are often shown to English major juniors. 常给英 语专业的三年级的同学放映新的英美电影。 (3)The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 (4)You are cordially invited to a dinner party to be given at the Workers Club in Xidan at 7 P Nov. 23. 谨定于 11 月 23日晚上 7 时在西单工人俱乐部举行晚宴，敬请光临。 (5)The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak French. 这个计划特别受到愿多有机会说法语的人的支持。 在英语中，被动结构能给人以间接、客观的印象，因而在科技文献、政论文和新闻报道 等文体中使用尤为频繁。相比之下，被动语句在汉语中的使用范围小得多。主要原因在于，在历 史上，汉语被动语句主要用来表达对主语来说是如意或不希望发生的事情。现代汉语的这种限 制虽然在西方语言的影响下有所动，被动句式有时也用来表达中性甚至希冀之事，但是汉语采 用的主要是语义型句式，大多数被动意义并不一定非得通过被动语句来表达，而可以通过形式 上主动、语义上被动的句式予以体现。英语和汉语在被动语态使用上存在的这种差异决定了英 汉翻译中语态转换的必要性。 一、译成汉语的主动句 英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句包括以下几种不同情况： (一) 原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 在翻译英语被动句时，如果没有必要指出施事者，有时可以按原文语序翻译成汉语主动 句，原文的主语仍然充当译文的主语。因此，要把英语译成纯正地道、的汉语，译者往往需要采 用“受事主语 +谓语动词”的句式。例如： (1)T he whole country was armed against foreign invaders in a few days. 几天之内， 整个国家就武装起来了，准备抵抗外来侵略者。 (2)T he transistors are widely used in communication system. 晶体管广泛用于通讯设备 中。 (3)O n our domestic stations ， events in Iraq were dismissed briefly. 在我们国内电 台的广播中，伊拉克事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。 (4)W ater can be changed from a liquid into a gas. 水能从液体变为气体。 (5)The old woman had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the morning. 清晨，老太太的心脏病发作了。 (二)原文中的某一部分在译文中做主语 英语中有些被动句译成汉语时，可以将原句中的某个适当的成分转译成主语。经常转译 为主语的成分包括一些地点状语或其中的名词以及某些谓语。当然，谓语转译成主语时，谓