大学英语综合教程教案Book 1 Unit

Book One Unit Six

I.New Words and Expressions in Text A:

1.extensively: ad. to a large extent, or in a large amount广泛地；大量地

2.intelligence:n. (u) 1) ability to learn and understand智力；才智

---a boy who shows little intelligence智力低下的男孩

--- an intelligence test智力测验

---"Use your intelligence, and you're sure to achieve something."

"发挥你的聪明才智,你一定能取得成就。"

---Do computers have any intelligence?

---Don’t act like such an idiot —use your intelligence.

2) secret information情报

---have secret intelligence of the enemy's plans

获得敌方计划的秘密情报

---an intelligence agent情报员, 谍报员

---intelligence office情报处[局]

intelligent: a. 聪明的，有才智的, （计）智能的

---Within a few years an intelligent computer will certainly be an important tool for doctors.

---Even if you are intelligent, you can’t be an excellent student without working hard.

3.controversy: n. (u, c) (+with/against sb.; +on/over/about sth.) a lot of discussion and argument

about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval 争论；争议

---A new controversy arouse regarding the politician’s finances.

---There is a fierce/bitter/heated controversy over the publishing of his book.

?beyond/out of/without controversy无可争议，无疑；不消说

》》》》controversial: a. likely to cause controversy 可能引起争议的; (of persons) fond of controversy (指人)好争论的

4.surround: vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.)围绕；包围

---The fence surrounds the school. 篱笆环绕着学校。

---The village was surrounded by desert. So the villagers had to abandon it and move to other areas.

---The baby was sitting on the floor surrounded by toys.

》》》》surrounding: a. which is around about 周围的，环绕的

---the surrounding country/countryside近郊

》》》》surroundings:n. (pl.) everything around and abut a place; conditions that may affect a person 周围的事物，环境

---living in pleasant surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中

---You don’t see animals in their natural surroundings at a zoo.

在动物园里看不到生活在自然环境中的动物

5.consciousness: n. 意识

6.explore: vt. 1) examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，探索

---explored the possibility/possibilities (of) 探索可能性

---The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river.

---The repairman explored my car and said he would fix it tomorrow.

2) travel over (a region, area, etc) for the purpose of discovery勘探；探测; 考察；探索

---Both adults and children find it exciting to explore space.

---The man will explore the Sahara desert on foot.

---Have you really explored your nearest town?

你真的考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了吗？

---explore the Antarctic regions南极地区考察[探险]

7.obvious: a. easy to see and understand; clear明显的;显而易见的

---It must be obvious to everyone that he’s lying.

---It is obvious that the Chinese women’s soccer team will the defeat the American women’s team. ---an obvious advantage明显的优势

8.vet: n. 兽医

9.encounter: I) vt. (fml) meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到，遭遇

---She encountered an old friend on the street.

---Before they had gone very far, they encountered a young man selling oranges.

II) n. (c) (+with) a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief相遇，碰见

---a chance encounter in the park在公园里的偶然相遇

10.reveal: vt. make (sth.) known展示；显示；表明；揭露;泄露

---The details of the new policy for medical insurance have been revealed.

---His research in cloning “Dolly” revealed some very important facts.

---A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a growing number of children in cities are overweight.

---reveal a secret/mystery/confidence泄露秘密/机密

11.convince: vt. (+sb. of sth.; +sb. that clause) make (sb.) feel sure

by the use of argument or evidence 使确信，使信服

---His parents managed to convince him that teaching was the most suitable profession for him.

---We finally convinced the police of our innocence/that we were innocent.

?sb. be convinced: feel certain that sth. is true 相信

---He was convinced of his error. 他认识了错误

---He is now convinced of the truth of the report.

---I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.

》》》》convincing: a. 有说服力的; 令人信服的

---a convincing speaker/argument

12.feat▲: n. sth. difficult well done, esp. sth. showing skill, strength or daring技艺；业绩，功绩

13.captivity: n. 被俘；监禁；束缚

?capture: vt. make a prisoner of; take or obtain as a prize by force, trickery, skill, etc 俘获, 捕获, 夺取

14.dominant:a.1)ruling; most important or strongest;stronger, more powerful, or more

noticeable than other people or things统治的；占优势的; 最有影响的；最显著的

---Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry.

---The dominant powers took control of the conference.

---a dominant position统治地位

---a dominant person in the team队里最有权威的人

2) (of heights) overlooking others (指高处)高于其它的

---a dominant building/cliff高耸的建筑物/绝壁

》》》》dominate: 1) vt., vi. (+over) have control, authority or influence统治,支配, 控制

---A great man can dominate (over) others by force of character.

伟人能以人格的力量支配他人

---Ambition dominated their lives. 他们的生活受野心驱使

2) vt. (of a place, esp. a height) overlook俯视; 俯瞰

---The whole valley is dominated by this mountain.

从这座山可俯视整个山谷。

》》》》domination: (u)

15.species: n. (单复数同)物种

16.make a deal (with):an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成交易

---I’ll make deal with you—you wash the car and I’ll let you use it tonight.

---The car company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes.

17.conservationist: n. 自然资源保护论者

18.female: a. 雌的；女(性)的

n. 雌性的动物或植物；女人

-→male: (注解“72”)

19.gorilla: n. 大猩猩

20.suspicious▲: a. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong可疑的；猜疑的

---He gave me a suspicious glance.

---He’s a suspicious character.

---His story sounds very suspicious.

?be suspicious of sb./sth.; be suspicious about sth.: 对…怀疑

---The dog is suspicious of strangers.

---She is getting suspicious about my staying away so long.

》》》》suspect: vt. 1) (+sth.; +sb. to do sth.; +that-clause) feel doubt about 疑心，怀疑

---I suspect trouble/danger/a plot/a trap/something.

---I suspect him to be/that he is a liar.

---He suspected that I had been in jail.

?suspect sb. of sth.: 疑心某人干某事/有某种情况

---They suspect him of murder/killing the girl.

-→doubt: vt. hesitate to believe; question the truth of 怀疑，不相信(否定句和疑问句中接that-clause, 肯定句接if or whether-clause)

2) (多接that-clause) have an idea or feeling (concerning the possibility or likelihood of sth.) 猜想，觉得，以为

---I suspect that some accident has delayed him.

---I suspect that you may be right.

》》》》suspicion: (u, c)

?be above suspicion: 不容置疑，靠得住

?be/fall under suspicion: 受到怀疑

?on suspicion (of)：作为(…的)嫌疑犯，由于…受到怀疑

---He was arrested on (the) suspicion of having stolen the money.

---The police arrested him on suspicion.

21.peanut▲: n. 花生

22.blank: I) a.1) without expression 没有表情的;漠然的;无兴趣的

---a blank look茫然的一瞥

---a blank mind 空虚的心灵

---I tried to tell her the truth, but she just gave me a blank look.

我想告诉她事实真相,但她只是莫名其妙地看看我。

2) without writing or other marks空白的

---a blank page/screen/tape空页/空白的屏幕/空白的磁带

---Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page.

在这一页顶的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和电话号码。

II) n. 空白；空白处

---My mind was a complete blank. 我的脑中一片空白。

---Please fill in this blank. 请填一下这个空。

---During the exam my mind was a blank.

考试的时候，我的脑子里一片空白

---an application blank空白申请书

---His memory is a blank. 他什么也记不起来。

23.negotiate: vi. (+(with sb.) for sth./ to do sth.) discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判，

协商

---We will negotiate for a pay increase of 3.5%.

---The government refused to negotiate with terrorists.

---There were reports that three companies were negotiating to share the market.

24.stake: n. (usu. pl.) 奖品；奖金；赌注

25.pineapple: n. 凤梨，菠萝

26.maintain: vt. 1) continue to do or have (sth.) 保持;继续;维持

---maintain friendly/good relations (with…)

---maintain life 维持生命

---maintain prices (=keep the prices steady) 保持物价的平稳

---maintain law and order 保持治安

---The hotel staff showed determination to maintain high-quality service.

---Our department maintains close contacts with the IT industry.

---Microsoft intends to maintain its position as market leader.

?maintain an open mind on sth.: be ready to listen to and consider the views of others on a subject愿意听取他人对…的意见

2) support赡养；供养

---He has worked hard to maintain his family.

他努力工作来养家。

3) keep in good repair or working order维修, 保养(机器、道路等)

---maintain the roads

---The car has always been properly maintained.

这汽车一直保养得很好。

4) assert as true坚持；主张；为…辩护

---maintain one’s innocence

27.relieve: vt.free (sb) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等；

减轻（痛苦或焦虑等）

---a drug that relieves headache/ much of the pain缓解头痛的药

---relieve pressure

---relieved the tension缓和紧张局面

---relieve sb.'s mind解除某人忧虑

---relieve one’s feelings 把感情发泄出来

---relieve oneself 去方便一下，去上厕所

?relieve sb. from sth.: 解除(痛苦、忧虑等); 使免除(职务)

---relieve sb. from anxiety/the pain消除某人的忧虑/…

---The captain was relieved from his post when his guilt was proved.

?relieve sb. of sth.: 1) 解除，使解脱，使免于

---relieve sb. of the duties

---Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden.

2) 辞退，解除(职务)

---He was relieved of his employment/post/duties.

---The general was relieved of his command.

3) 帮助拿/提

---Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel.

28.link: I) n. 1) one ring or loop of a chain链环

---The bracelet is formed of silver links.

---One link broken, the whole chain is broken. 一环脱, 全链断。

2) person or thing that unites or connects two others环节; 联系;联络人

---a link in a chain of evidence一连串证据中的一环

---the link between the past and the future 过去与未来的桥梁；承前启后者

---Old friends are a link with the past.

II) v. join or connect 联系，连接

---link one’s arm in/ through another person’s arm 挽着…的手

---The road links all the new towns.

?link with/to: (及、不及)

---The new company linked with several older ones in self-protection.那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。

?link up: (及、不及) 把…连接起来，衔接起来，结合起来

---These pieces of information link up to suggest who the thief was.

---The two families linked up through the marriage of a daughter and son. 那两家因他们子女结为婚姻而联结起来。

29.orangutan: n. 猩猩

30.undertake: vt. 1) (+sth.; +to do sth.) carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc) 从事；承

担(任务等)

---undertake a task/post开始进行一项任务/担任一个职位

---The United Nations was supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper.

---You should think very carefully before you undertake the responsibilities of a general manager of a multi-national company.

---We’ll have to employ more staff if we’re to undertake more work.

---The lawyer undertook the case without a fee.

这律师免费承办那个案件。

---We cannot undertake to do that.

2) (+to do sth.) agree to do sth. 答应；同意

---I undertook to teach the children English.

---He undertook to be here at five. 他答应五点钟到这里来。

3) ( +that-clause) promise; affirm 保证

---I can't undertake that you will make a profit.

我不能担保你会获利。

---We cannot undertake that we shall finish it in time.

31.anthropologist: n. 人类学者

32.figure out: 1) (+sb./sth.) understand; reason out理解;推断出; 想出; 弄明白

---I can’t figure out why he quit his well-paid job to undertake such tedious work.

---I can’t figure her out; one minute she’s happy, the next, sad.

---It took me a hours to figure out how to start the new washing-machine.

2) calculate 计算出

---Please help me to figure out my income tax.

---figure the answer to an arithmetic problem

---figure out the arithmetic problem

33.extend: v. 1) (of space, land, etc) (cause to) stretch or reach延伸，伸展; 延续

---The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Baltimore to Philadelphia.

---Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening.

---The hot weather extended into October.

热天气一直持续到十月。

---His power extends to other lands. 他的权力扩张到别国。

---Fruit trees extended out over the fences. 果树枝伸出墙外。

2) (in space or time, etc) make larger or longer扩大；加长

---I would like to stay in France a bit longer, but I will need to extend my visa.

---We’ve extended the kitchen to give us room for a dining area.

---extend one's business扩大其营业

3) lay or stretch out the body, a limb or limbs, at full length 伸出(手臂等), 拉开, 展开(翅膀)

---extend your hands/arms伸出你的手

-→expand: (注解“37”)

34.dealing: n. (usu. pl.) business relations 交易，买卖

35.plastic: a. 塑料的

36.chip: n.薄片；碎片；集成电路片

37.expand: v. 1) (cause to) grow larger; increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge

扩大，扩展; 膨胀

---Metals expand with heat. 金属遇热膨胀。

---Air expands when heated.

---This golf course expands to the riverside.

这个高尔夫球场的地界扩展到河边。

---The population of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s.

---The bank is aiming to expand its share of the mortgage market (抵押信贷市场).

---The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. 这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了

2) unfold or spread out 展开

---The eagle expanded his wings. 雄鹰展翅。

---His face expanded in a smile of welcome.脸上绽开欢迎的笑容

---The flowers expand in the sunshine. 花在阳光下绽放。

---The chair expands to form a day bed. 椅子展开形成一张睡椅

-→extend: (注解“33”)

>>>> The builders ___ the road for three more miles.

A) expanded B) extended C) expended D) enlarged

( 答案是B。extend 是指直线“延伸”，又引申为扩展范围、领域等。本句指路的延伸、延长，“筑路工将这条路又延长了3 英里多”。A) expand 指膨胀，扩张；C) expend指花费；

D) enlarge多指面积、大小、能力的扩大。)

38.switch: v. I) 1) (+to; +over to) change; shift 转化，变换

---He used to play tennis, but now he’s switched to golf.

---She started studying medicine at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year. ---switch the conversation to a less embarrassing subject

2) (+sth. on/off) use a switch to turn (electric current) on/off 接通或切断(电流)

---switch the light/radio on/off

II) n. (电路的)开关；(铁路的)闸

39.foil▲: n. 金属薄片，箔

40.virtuous: a. showing moral goodness 有道德的；善良的

41.envy:I) vt. (+sb./sth.; +sb. sth.; +sb. for sth.)wash that you had a quality or possession that

another person has妒忌；羡慕

---He became a millionaire overnight. Many people envied him for his good luck.

---She’s got a capacity for languages that many students would envy.

---I don’t envy you your trip in this bad weather.

-→be jealous of: 妒忌

II) n.(u) (+at sth.; +of sb.) feeling of disappointment and resentment (at another’s better fortune) 嫉妒，羡慕

---He was filled with envy of me/ at my success.

-→jealousness

42.grape: n. 葡萄

43.promptly: ad. immediately 立即地

44.stem: n. 茎，(树)干，(叶)梗

45.whale: n. 鲸

46.cooperate: vi. (+with sb.; +in; +to do sth.) act or work together合作，协作

---The New York City police cooperated with the force in Boston in catching the criminals.

---Russia and the US are cooperating in joint space ventures.

---Aid agencies(救援组织) and the local government are cooperating to deliver supplies to the flooded area.

47.behaviorist: n. 行为主义者

48.in sb.’s interest(s): (or: in the interest(s)of sb.) to sb.’s advantage为了某人的利益；对…有

利，有好处

---It would be in your interests to undertake this task although it’s difficult.

---The local government has to abandon the plan for a new chemical plant because it is not in the public interest.

-→in the interest(s) of sth.: for the sake of (sth.) 为了…

---In the interest(s) of safety, please do not smoke.

49.go far:1) (+towards) help very much 帮助很大

---Your suggestion will go far towards solving our present housing problem.

2) (of a person, future tense 将来时) achieve much success

很有成效;有出息；有成就

---The boy is clever and will go far (in his job).

---Jane’s a very talented writer --- she’ll go far.

3) last 维持；够用

---$ 10 a week doesn't go far these days.

---Those potatoes won’t go far when there are ten people to feed.

50.consultant: n. 顾问

51.behavior: n. the way one acts or behaves b举止，行为

52.assess: vt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 评估，估量

---The value of the diamond was assessed at $20,000.

---It’s difficult to assess the effects of the use of multimedia in English language teaching in one semester.

---Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone’s ability.

53.judgment: n. 1) (多为u) opinion about sth.判断

---In your judgment, what has caused the students’ failure in the examination?

---My judgment is that the students have spent too much time on extracurricular activities.

---The manager made an unfair judgment of his new secretary’s character.

2) (u) ability to form valuable opinion and make good decisions意见，看法; 判断力

---a man of good judgment判断力强的人

---He was employed as manager of the Personnel Department because of his excellent judgment. ---I respect my father’s judgment and I’ll follow any advice he gives me.

54.mate: n. 配偶；伙伴，同事

55.thrive: (thrived or throve) vi. (+on) grow strong and healthy; develop well 茁壮成长；兴旺；

繁荣

---A business can not thrive without good management.

商业管理不好是兴旺不起来的。

---Babies thrive on their mother's milk.

婴儿靠吃母乳长得很健壮。

---He has a thriving business.

---He that will thrive, must rise at five.

[谚]五更起床, 百事兴旺。

56.at first: at the beginning 起先

57.stretcher: n. 担架

58.emergency:n. (u, c) an unexpected and dangerous happening which must be dealt with at

once 紧急情况；突然事件(可作定语，“紧急的”)

---In an emergency, call 110.

---The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an emergency landing.

---The emergency services are the fire brigade (消防队), the police, and the ambulance service.

---the emergency exit/brake/meeting/room

59.go wrong:(+with) stop developing有毛病，出故障

---Everything went wrong with my computer after I installed that new program.

---I didn’t watch the live opening ceremony of the World Cup yesterday because my television went wrong again.

60.halt:I) v. (cause to) stop 停住，停止

---The car halted by the house.

---The officer halted the soldiers for a short rest.

---No one can halt the advance of history.

谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。

II) n. (主要用于成语) 停止

?bring sth. to a halt使…停下来

?call a halt让停下来，结束

---When the children’s play got too noisy, their mother called a halt.

?come to a halt停下来

?make a halt停留

---The travelers made a halt for an hour.

61.throw up: (infml) vomit 呕吐

62.apparently: ad. it is clear (that) 明显地

63.size up:(+sb./sth.) carefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgment;

form a judgment or opinion of 估量，判断

---size up the situation/ the possibility of…/ the reaction of the audience

---I don’t like the way the sales assistants in that shop size you up as you walk through the door.

---Some manufacturers have been sizing up some African countries as a possible market for their motorcycles.

---I felt insulted by the way my father sized up my friend.

64.release: vt. 1)( +sb./sth. from) set free 释放;解开；松开；免除

---release a bomb (from an aircraft) 投炸弹

---release one’s hold of sth.

---Some animals in the zoo had been released from its cage.

---He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.

2) allow (news) to be known or published; allow (a film) to be exhibited or (goods) to be placed on sale 发布(新闻)，发行(电影)，发售(货物)

---recently released films/discs最近推出的电影/唱片

65.slide: (slid) v. 1) (cause to) move smoothly along a surface (使)滑动

---slide on the ice滑冰

---The book slid off my knee. 书从我膝盖上滑落。

- slip: vi. lose one’s balance; fall or almost fall as the result of this滑；滑倒

slide指有意地“滑”，slip指不自主地“滑”，“滑倒”。

---slide on the ice 滑冰

---slip on the ice 在冰上滑倒

2) slide into: pass gradually, without being fully aware, into (a condition, etc)不知不觉地逐渐陷入(某种情况)

---slide into bad habits/dishonesty

不知不觉地沾染上坏习惯/逐渐变得不诚实

3) (cause to) move quickly, or so as to avoid observation (使)快速行动，溜进，潜入

---slide into the room 偷偷溜进房间

---She slid a coin into his hand. 很快把一枚硬币塞入他的手中

66.primate: n. 灵长目动物

67.evidence: n. (u) (+of/for; +that; +to do) sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 证据；

迹象

---There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease (同位语从句).

---Scientists haven’t found any evidence of life on other planets.

---We don’t have enough evidence to prove him guilty.

68.deceive: v. (+sb.; +sb. into doing sth.) try to make (sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗

---You can’t pass exams without working, so don’t deceive yourself into thinking you can.

---You deceived me, and I can’t forgive you.

---They deceived the old man into signing the papers.

--- deceive sb. with fair words用花言巧语欺骗某人

69.inaccessible: a. (fml) (+to) very difficult or impossible to reach 达不到的；难得到的

---Heavy snow made the mountain village inaccessible to traffic.

大雪使车辆进不了这个小山村。

---The papers were inaccessible to the public.

》》》》access: I) n. (u) 1) (+to) way (in) to a place 通向…的路; 通路

---The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 穿过田间

2) (+to) right, opportunity or means of reaching, using or approaching (接触、使用或接近的) 权利，机会或方法

---Students must have access to good books.

---Only high officials had access to the Emperor.

只有高级官员可以接近皇帝

70.original: a. 1) first or earliest 最初的；原始的;最早的

---This is the original painting, and these others are copies.

这画是原作，其他的是复制品。

--- an original play, not an adaptation原创剧本, 不是改编而成的

---an original edition原版

---The Indians were the original inhabitants (最早的居民)of North America.

---The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.

这房子本来的主人是威灵顿公爵。

---The original plan was better than the plan we followed.

原先的计划优于我们所实行的计划。

2) newly formed or created; not copied or imitated新的；新型的；新创的；新颖的

---an original idea独到的见解

---an original invention新的发明

---a truly original approach 全新的方法

3) able to produce new ideas, etc; inventive有创造性的

---an original thinker/writer 富有创见的思想家/作家

---an original mind 有创造性的思想/人

71.colony: n. (生长在同一地方的动物或植物)群，群体；殖民地

72.male: n. 雄性动物或植物；男子

a.雄的；男(性)的

- female: (注解“18”)

73.gaze: n., v. (+at)凝视，注视

74.give in (to sb./sth.):admit a loss; surrender; yield让步；屈服；投降

---The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.

---I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and bought me a computer.

75.underneath: prep., ad. under or below在…下面，在…低下

---The bomb exploded underneath his car as he was preparing to leave home.

---Russel wore a white vest (汗衫, 背心) underneath his shirt.

76.pea-brained: a. 笨的

77.turtle: n. (海)龟

78.survive: v. 1) remain alive in spite of; continue to live or exist after 幸免于; 继续存在，幸存,

经历…后仍然活着

---A few were killed but most survived (in) the earthquake.

---She survived the accident/war/disaster/disease.

---The plants may not survive the frost (霜冻, 严寒).

2) (+sb.) live or exist longer than 比…活得长

---The old lady survived all her children.

79.disaster: n. (c) an event causing great suffering and damage灾难

80.wipe out: get rid of or destroy 消灭，消除

---The bank agreed to wipe out their debts.

---Whole villages were wiped out in the flood.

81.dinosaur: n. 恐龙

82.horizon: n. 1) (c) (fig) limit of one’s knowledge, experience, thinking, etc. 眼界，见识

---the horizon of knowledge知识范围

---Science gives/widens us a new horizon. 使我们大开新的眼界

2) the horizon: the line at which the earth or sea and sky seem to meet地平线

---I could see a ship on the horizon. 看见地平线上有一艘轮船。

---You cannot see beyond the horizon.

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time. 4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.for 3.of 4.with 5.as

6.about 7.to 8.in, in 9.from 10.on/upon 2.surprise 3.pulled 4.blowing 5.dressed

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