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人教版 初中英语中考翻译题型讲解word文档

人教版 初中英语中考翻译题型讲解word文档
人教版 初中英语中考翻译题型讲解word文档

初中英语翻译题解题技巧

翻译题在初中英语试题中占10分,题型分为两种,一种是汉译英(4分),另一种是英译汉(6分)。一、汉译英

A.汉译英谈谈解题思路

a. 根据汉语的意思以及已给出的英语部分确定所用的句型和特殊结构。

句子翻译题往往考查一些固定的句型(如:so…that; too…to…, It takes sb. time to do sth等)或一些特殊的结构(如:to one’s surprise, with one’s help, be angry with等)。

It seems that+句子sb\sth seems to do

sb\sth seems + adj

应该被允许做某事

不够严肃

在周末

对某人/某事要求严格

b. 应要根据句中的时间状语或上下文的语境确定句子所需要的时态,同时应根据主语与谓语动词的

关系确定正确的语态。

e.g.他现在不在这里。他到美国去了。

c. 注意一些细节问题,如名词的单复数是否有误,动词的第三人称单数或过去式是否正确以及单词

拼写是否有误。

d. 要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。

e.g.希望/建议/同意/拒绝某人做某事”

红茶

踢足球和打篮球

e. 不要逐字翻译。

e.g.他年龄很大。

我工作很忙。

总之,在做句子翻译题时,要注意单词的词形变化,如名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外,重要的是平时的积累,考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。

课中练习一:

1.老师经常告诉我们遇到困难的时候,不要灰心。

2.在他的帮助下,我在英语方面取得了巨大的进步。

3.如果明天不下雨,我们就到公园里划船。

4.“王先生在哪里?”“他去北京出差了。”

5.他每天都要打篮球,所以他讨厌下雨。

6.当他听到这个好消息时,激动得说不出话来。

7.这个七岁的小女孩酷爱弹钢琴,以至于她已经坚持练琴两年了。

8.我不知道他喜欢什么。

9.花应该经常浇水。

10.他父亲曾经是司机。

B.汉译英题的解题步骤如下:

?通读汉语,了解这个句子所要表达的意思

?阅读英文,找出其中要考查的内容,揣摩出题人的意图,并分析。

?观察一下要求翻译的汉语,然后联想一下相关的词汇、句型,并考虑时态、语态、词形变

化、主谓一致等问题。

?注意符合英语的表达习惯。

?检查

课中练习二:

【例1】上课做笔记是个好习惯。

【例2】几年来,他拍了几部大片。

【例3】必须经常浇树。

二、英译汉

英译汉解题步骤如下:

?浏览整段文章,清楚大概内容。

?分析划线部分的句子含义,遇到不会的生词,要从上下文的内容中来猜测。

?整理好所思考的句子,注意英汉语言方面的差异,所翻译好的句子必须符合汉语逻辑思维,而且

语言要通顺,意思要明确。

?检查

【例1】Do dogs wear shoes? Some police dogs in western Germany do. People made special shoes for them. Police say that these shoes can protect the dogs from broken glass.

那么,想做好这种类型的题,平时必须多下功夫,必须做到:

?熟练掌握常用的词汇、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。

?掌握各种句型结构。

?掌握各种时态、语态及主谓一致原则。

?具有用英语思维的习惯。

?熟读课文,万变不离其宗,无论怎样变化,考试都离不开教材这个大的考纲。

三、英语翻译技巧

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。

常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。

(1). 增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、

短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。

【例1】What about calling him right away?

马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)

【例2】If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.

要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

【例3】Indeed, the reverse is true

实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)

【例4】就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

【例5】只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the mon people were forbidden to light

lamps. (增译连词)

【例6】这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another mon point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)

(2).省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达

方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。

【例1】You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.

你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

【例2】I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)

英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典

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【初中英语】2017中考英语命题研究第一部分教材知识梳理篇试题(40份) 人教版2

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初中英语中考试卷分析

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【英语】英语中考英语完形填空及答案经典

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【初中英语】2017中考英语命题研究第3部分中考题型研究篇试题(16份) 人教版10

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2002年初中英语中考试卷分析

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