英汉翻译试卷 English-Chinese Translation

English-Chinese Translation Score ____________________

Final Exam Paper

（2013-12-03）

Name：_____ Number：__ College(major)：_

注意事项

1）本试卷的标题和格式不可更改，卷面上应如实填上姓名、学号和院系信息；

2）右上角的分数位为教师填写；

3）第一部分的译文应放在每句原文之下，第二部分只保留自己所选的短文和所做的译文；

4）任何经过他人协助而完成的答卷都将受到谴责；

5）整份答卷均需用A 4 纸张打印，并标有页码；采用宋体小四号；

6）装订为一份，左上角为装订位置，只能使用一颗书钉；

7）第十四周星期二晚上8点钟之前应把整份答卷在教室里提交给老师。

Part One: Translate the following sentences into Chinese (30%)

1. Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegantes.

谚语是使拉丁美洲人民言谈生动活泼的流行俗语，是洗练睿智的语言，大学教授说，田野农夫也说，市井乞丐说，名门闺秀也说。

2. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity.

有时我会怀揣几分羞涩沉浸在奇妙的兴奋之中，日子就这么快乐幸福地过着，也有时会莫名地冲动想弄清送花者究竟是谁。

3. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even t hough I didn’t know him.

但是,作为一个少女,我想的最多的还是有谁暗恋我，或者是我不知晓的哪个迷恋我的男子。

4. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are.

你简直不可能同你的邻居交谈工作上的事，哪怕他的工作与你的相差不多。

5. A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own.

使你自己摆脱某些教条主义的一种好方法是去了解与你不同的社会集团所持的意见。6. A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.

有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这位贵族被关押在巴士底

狱已20年了。

7. In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives, the social customs are quite different.

有些国家的人们几乎终生未离开一个城镇，所以社会风俗颇为不同。

8..I hope your success, which is an inspiration to me, will continue.

我希望你不断取得成功，你的成功对我来说是一种鼓舞。

9. There are many wonderful stories about the many places which I had visited and many people whom I had met before I came to this city.

我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇怪的事儿可多着哩。

10. From the moment we stepped into the People's Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side.

一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地受到关怀与照顾。

11. Fortunately there are some US Congressmen who are supportive of extending MFN treatment to China

幸好有些美国国会议员支持延长对华最惠国待遇。

12. The task, which seemed to be difficult, was already accomplished in time.

虽然任务似乎很艰巨,但已及时完成。

13. He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.

他希望写一篇文章，以便引起公众对这件事情的关注。

14. We recognize the need to establish and develop institutions which help to tame the unbridled exercise of power.

我们认识到需要建立和发展一些机构，以有助于对权力滥用的控制。

15. All music is alike to him.

他不懂音乐。

16. Please tender exact fare.

恕不找零。

17. While people in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts, farmers in China were developing the science of agriculture.

当世界上其他国家还在捕猎飞禽走兽、采集种子坚果的时候，中国农民就已经在从事农业科技研究了。

18.A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.

燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。

19.They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.

他们制定出一种新方案,采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

20.We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.

我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。

Passage 3

On the evening before All Saints’ Day in 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of a

church in Wittenberg. In those days a thesis was simply a position one wanted to argue. Luther, an Augustinian friar, asserted that Christians could not buy their way to heaven. Today a doctoral thesis is both an idea and an account of a period of original research. Writing one is the aim of the hundreds of thousands of students who embark on a doctorate of philosophy (PhD) every year.

In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is an introduction to the world of independent research—a kind of intellectual masterpiece, created by an apprentice in close collaboration with a supervisor. The requirements to complete one vary enormously between countries, universities and even subjects. Some students will first have to spend two years working on a master’s degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend; others will pay their own way. Some PhDs involve only research, some require classes and examinations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A thesis can be dozens of pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can be as young as their early 20s or world-weary forty-somethings.

One thing many PhD students have in common is dissatisfaction. Some describe their work as “slave labour”. Seven-day weeks, ten-hour days, low pay and uncertain prospects are widespread. You know you are a graduate student, goes one quip, when your office is better decorated than your home and you have a favourite flavour of instant noodle. “It isn’t graduate school itself that is discouraging,” says one studen t, who confesses to rather enjoying the hunt for free pizza. “What’s discouraging is realising the end point has been yanked out of reach.”

Whining PhD students are nothing new, but there seem to be genuine problems with the system that produces research doctorates (the practical “professional doctorates” in fields such as law, business and medicine have a more obvious value). There is an oversupply of PhDs. Although a doctorate is designed as training for a job in academia, the number of PhD positions is unrelated to the number of job openings. Meanwhile, business leaders complain about shortages of high-level skills, suggesting PhDs are not teaching the right things. The fiercest critics compare research doctorates to Ponzi or pyramid schemes.

1517年的万圣节前夕，马丁.路德在维登堡城堡大教堂的大门上张贴了《九十五条论纲》。在那个时代，论文仅作为人们辩论的场所存在。通过《九十五条论纲》，一个奥古斯丁的名为路德的男修道士发表了他的主张——基督教徒通往天国的道路，并不能由金钱铺筑而成。时至今日，博士论文已经不仅是一种想法的表达，也是对某一特定时期原创性研究的陈述报告。完成一篇博士论文是成千上万一届又一届为取得博士学位而奋斗的博士生们的目标所在。

在大多数国家，取得博士学位是进入学术界的基本条件。博士是独立研究的开始，有点学术著作的意思，通常是在与导师密切合作的基础上完成的。不同的国家、大学甚至是不同的学科，取得博士学位的要求也不尽相同。有些申请者需首先读两年的硕士并取得相应学位或学历。他们中有些在攻读博士学位期间可以获得一定的补助，而有些则完全是自费。有些博士生专门搞研究，而有些则需完成一些课程和考试，还有些需给本

科生上课。至于博士论文，数学的需要几十页内容，而历史方面的需要几百页。因此，到博士毕业时，有的人才20岁出头，而有的人都到不惑之年了。

博士生有一个通病：不满足。有些博士认为他们干的是“奴隶们才干的活”：一周工作7天、每天10个小时、低薪以及不确定的未来，这些都很普遍。有这么个讽刺：当你工作的办公室装修的比你家漂亮时，当你端起一碗泡面的时候，你就知道自己是一名博士生了。“其实学校本身并不让人沮丧”，采访中的一个博士这么说道，他坦言他相当享受于寻找免费午餐，但让人沮丧的是终点遥不可及。

这些博士生们牢骚不断也不是什么新鲜事，但培养学术型博士的机制似乎的确出了什么问题（相比之下，诸如法律、商业和医学等强调实践方面的专业学位博士明显更有价值）。哲学博士已经存在供过于求的问题。尽管培养博士主要是针对学术研究方面的工作，但博士数量的设置与职位需求却不一致。同时，商界领袖总是抱怨缺少高层次人才，表明博士期间所学的内容与工作不对口。甚至，有过激的批评者将学术型博士的培养机制比作是一个庞兹骗局或传销。

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