口译教程与答案1-20课

Lesson 1

1.3 美国副总统复旦演讲

韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很高兴来到这里。我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。我祝贺在座各位学业有成。对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。

1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton University

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good evening.

I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”

I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.

1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话

各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！

欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！

我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！”

公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。

新厂房标志着公司对中国业务的重视和承诺。

各位供应商，我们希望与你们携手共进，使我们的业务更上一层楼。

各位经销商，我们将继续向你们提供尖端的高质量产品，以协助你们做好客户支持，改善中国和东南亚许许多多人士的生活。

各位邻居和朋友，我们将成为良好的企业公民，与各位同行一起维护在中国开展业务的规范性。

最后，我们承诺给员工们提供一个安全、舒适的工作环境。

再次感谢各位与我们共同庆祝今天的典礼！

Lesson 2

2.3 大提琴家马友友

今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最杰出的大提琴家马友友先生。作为大提琴演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经跨越20多年，期间他发行了50多张专辑。他的音乐获得过许多奖项，其中包括令人叹服的14项格莱美大奖。他也曾在许多重要的场合演奏，如格莱美的颁奖仪式和奥运会的开闭幕式。

马友友是出生在法国的华裔，父母都是音乐家，母亲是歌唱家，父亲是作曲家。第一次正

式登台演出的时候，马友友年仅5岁。4年后年仅9岁的马友友就在纽约极具声望的卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出，此时他已随家人移居到美国。此后马友友进入茱莉亚音乐学院学习提琴演奏，从那儿他又转入哈佛大学，并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。

而今，马友友仍在继续他的音乐之旅，积极地与来自世界各地的各种流派的音乐家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在马友友看来，大提琴是他的声带的延伸。他演奏时最重要的一点是自始至终全情投入，努力将音乐的内容传递给现场的观众。

2.4 CNN interview with Jet Li

?祝贺《英雄》取得了成功。请问您在《英雄》中扮演的角色是否与你通常演的角色很相

似呢？

?It’s a very special part and a very special movie. I think it’s one of the

most important action films in my life.

?为什么你会这样说呢？你演过近30部电影，而《英雄》与其他影片有何不同呢？

?Usually action films have a formula: A child whose parents have been murdered

by bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad buys. But “Hero”has a much broader them.

?就比如象《卧虎藏龙》？

?No, it’s totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very very talented director.

He uses martial arts to talk about love, you know. But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their inspirations about the world.

?含义的确很深。我们知道你的处女作是1979年拍摄的《少林寺》，那时你还是个十几

岁的少年。影片在亚洲引起了轰动，并且还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是，你使如何从

一位武术冠军成为一名好莱坞的动作明星的？

?I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts.

That is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film.

I have been thinking about doing something different, like using martial arts

to talk about peace and to achieve peace.

?这听起来似乎是矛盾的，对吗？你是一位打斗者，却要谈“和平”？

?That’s right, because Chinese culture is not just martial arts. That’s only

the physical part. It’s not true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu masters and can just beat up people; and that they have no brains, no thoughts. As a matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and sophisticated philosophy. I feel I have the responsibility to share this information with the worldwide audience.

Lesson 3

3.3 Steve Forbes on Forbes

我祖父二十世纪初来到美国，他离开苏格兰时身上没有什么钱。连他在内有兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。** 他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些给商业社会带来变革的人。

我祖父常说，做生意不是为了堆积百万财富，而是为了带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司和经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但是焦点一直放在人上面。**对公司而言，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也这样看。

** 当前世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹么其中，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要哪些可以不必理会。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends:

I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.

Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of24,000 square meters. These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.

Our leading products are various architectural models, including exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs. Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.

Today, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. They are well received by both local importers and customers. For fifteen years, our output value has maintained an annual growth rate of 30%.

3．5 财富500强

45年来，〈财富〉杂志一直给美国的大公司排名，这就是一年一度的“财富500强”，有时也将前面的100名成为“财富100强”。上榜的公司基本上都是头年收入名列前茅的美国本土公司。财富杂志根据上市公司的公开数据来计算收入，未上市的公司没有列入，因为它们的股票没有公开发行。国外公司在美国的分公司也不参与排名。

“财富500强”公司是美国规模最大、利润最多、实力最强的公司。论收入，即使500强排名最后的公司也是才大气粗，如去年排名最末的公司收入也超过30亿美圆。

除了介绍美国公司的“财富500强”之外，〈财富〉杂志还推出了“全球500强”，给各国的上市公司排名。当然，由于美国经济在全球经济中的主导地位，许多“财富500强”的美国公司也高居“全球500强”排行榜。

〈财富〉杂志也推出其他排名，如“100家受雇条件最佳公司”、“100家增长最快的公司”等。比较各种排名看看哪些公司重复上榜，是很有意思的事情。比如，在“100家受雇条件最佳公司”榜上排名第一的公司可能根本不在“财富500强”之列，而排在“财富500强”和“全球500强”前列的公司，却上不了“最受人尊敬的公司”排行榜。也许甲壳虫乐队说得对——爱是不能用金钱买来的。

Lesson 4

4.3 西敏斯特大学介绍

非常感谢你们的盛情款待，我们很高兴来到这里与你们相聚。很遗憾校长先生今天无法前来，我谨代表他介绍一下我们的学校。

西敏斯特大学成立于1838年，是英国第一所工科大学，所以我们学校有着悠久的历史。我们的主校区位于英国首都伦敦市的中心地带。目前我们的学生来自132个不同国家，人数超过22，700。西敏斯特大学是全英最受国际学生欢迎的15所大学之一。

我们有教师700多人，还有来自各国的客座讲师1，000余人。学校的这种国际环境为学生日后将要面临的职业生涯做好了良好的准备，我们的宗旨是提供国内国际环境下高品质的教育和科研。

我们是一所现代大学，在诸多研究领域占据领先地位，其中包括传播、文化与媒体研究、法律、亚洲研究、语言学、艺术设计（含音乐）、电子工程、政治与国际关系等，我们的主要学科均获得高度的专业认可。

我们真诚地希望与贵校建立交流合作项目。

4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year (also called Spring Festival) is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year. **Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes the new one.

The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is de rigueur, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year. Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it. It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.

The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values. *The first value is the sense of family togetherness; members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner. Everyone will follow this custom. The female members are usually held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands. *The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.

However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles. After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold it in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs. The festival door-to-door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages. Some families go away for a trip or even go to such extreme as to seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.

* Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as where core values are embodied, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance. Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals will gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.

The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage,and it will continue to be celebrated. The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.

4.5 中英教育交流

Q：My question is about educational exchanges. You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain. As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship at a British university. But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students. So we can not help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students. Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you.

A: 这实际上是出于多种考虑。我不否认有商业考虑，办大学也要花钱，不过教育交流是主要目的。奖学金难申请是因为钱要由政府出，有时候纳税人有意见，说政府应该把奖学金给本国学生而不是外国学生，所以很困难。

但是我们现在已经在扩大奖学金范围。事实上，过去几年，中国学生来英国留学人数大大增加了，这说明奖学金难归难，你们还是有办法来留学的。

我想教育交流在未来会非常重要，我也希望，每一次外国学生来英国学习，回去时就像是一个英国的大使，到他的国家为我们宣传，不管是在中国、俄罗斯还是哪个国家。所以我们在扩大教育规模，吸收更多海外留学生。所以你们继续申请奖学金，我们会尽力帮助的。

Q： Mr. Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University.I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northeastern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham. Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution?

A: 讲到学校的课程，既然我听说了这件事，我打算回去看看究竟，不过大学做出这样的决定原因很多，也许是经济原因，或者是他们面临某种困难，这也是时有的事情。要把想做的事情办成，钱总是不够的。不过我也可以向你保证，我们会一如既往地欢迎中国学生来英国学习，就算杜伦大学没有合适的专业，其他大学也肯定有。

Lesson 5

5．3 温家宝总理在世界旅游组织第15届全体大会上的致词

Mr. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, Ms. Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations,

All Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,

At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in the freshest air and clearest weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.

Tourism is a nice and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care. Tourism has been developing with the times. Since the mid of the 20th century, modern tourism has been booming at a fast pace across the world. The number of tourists has been increasing, the scale of tourism industry has kept expanding, and the position of tourism in the economy has been rising. Increasingly, tourism serves as a channel for cultural exchanges, friendship development and varied communication. It exerts more and more extensive influence on human life and social progress.

As a country with an ancient civilization and a long history, China is also a big oriental country full of modern vitality, blessed with a rich supply of unique and varied tourism attractions and resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities/ethnic groups. Currently, 29 properties have been inscribed onto World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. With the reform and opening-up programs, China’s modern construction is surging ahead, and urban and rural areas are all experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory and modern boom combine most impressively to create favorable conditions for domestic and international tourism in China.

The fist 20 years of the 21st century is a strategic period for China to accomplish the all-round construction of a well-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization. It also provides a favorable time for its further development of tourism industry. We shall promote tourism as an important industry in China’s national economy, properly protect and utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve sustainable development. The Chinese government welcomes all international friends to visit China. We shall do our best to protect their health and safety. Meanwhile, we will encourage more Chinese people to go abroad for visits. We are ready to develop extensive

cooperation with other countries and contribute to global tourism growth.

For many years, the World Tourism Organization has made active and effective efforts to gain tourism prosperity and development around the world. It has become a specialized agency of the UN. Here we would like to offer our sincere congratulations. We believe this WTO General Assembly session will give a major push to tourism in the world for greater prosperity and new development.

Finally, I wish the 15th General Assembly Session of the World’s Tourism Organization every success.

Thank you!

5.4 世界旅游组织简介

世界旅游组织是唯一接纳旅游经营者的政府间组织，它受联合国委托，在各国旅游业的宣传和发展工作中发挥核心作用。世界旅游组织成立于1975年，总部设在西班牙首都马德里。

世界旅游组织的宗旨是促进经济发展、国际了解、和平繁荣和对人权与人的基本自由的普遍尊重，并强调在贯彻这一宗旨时，要特别注意发展中国家在旅游事业方面的利益。

世界旅游组织的成员分为正式成员、联系成员和附属成员三类。正式成员是指所有的主权国家成员。联系成员指的是哪些不必负责外交事务的地区。这些成员需要经过为他们承担外交责任的政府的批准方可成为成员。

附属成员的范围十分广泛，包括直接从事旅游业或与旅游业有关的组织和企业，如：航空公司以及其他运输公司、饭店、餐馆、旅游批发商和零售商、金融机构、保险公司、出版集团等。

到2003年，世界旅游组织有141个正式成员国、7个联系成员和350个附属成员，他们代表着私营部门、教育机构、旅游协会以及地方旅游管理机构。

5.5 现代化与文化遗产的保护

主：Welcome to our studio. My first question is: how many years have you been in China?

宾：三年多了。我是2002年5月底来的。

主：3 years. I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes in China. Could you tell us your deepest impression of urban development in China?

宾：我恐怕只能就我所在的城市谈谈经验，不过从周边城市的所见所闻，我也会有同样的看法。所有的外国人都非常清楚地看到，中国和中国的许多城市都在快速地发展。我想在东部沿海城市更是如此。到处矗立着崭新的高楼大厦，马路变得更加宽敞。

主：What do you think of all these tall buildings and the widened roads? Do you think that these are signs of modernization? Are all these changes good?

宾：这个问题提得好，但是我觉得这是个相当复杂的问题。

主：Why is it complicated?

宾：这个问题得从两个不同角度来谈。一方面是我作为一个外国人所期待的……我想看的，我感兴趣的和中国人想看的或者想让我看的肯定是不一样的。另一方面就是现代化与旧城文化保护相互冲突的问题。

主：Then let’s see what are the differences between a foreigner’s expectations and what the Chinese would like to see.

宾：这个问题看来最好这么来谈，一般情况下，中国朋友带我们参观城市的时候，都是带我们去看现代建筑，比如机场、大桥、会展中心等等城市里最新的东西。但是外国人对老城区、小街小巷、古旧建筑更感兴趣，也就是那些使这个城市有别于我们所看过的其他城市的东西。一

个外国人到过的其他地方可能比一般中国人多，所见过的机场和桥梁对他们来说没什么太大的不同，但是西安的庙宇他们就觉得有别于法国的教堂，更重要的是，中国城市的老房子更有别于英国城市里的老房子。

主：That is to say, foreigners are interested in the things unique in China, but there is a contradiction between modernization and preservation, as you mentioned just now from another perspective. The space of a city is limited; the old part of the city should be reconstructed, and in fact the new buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city. Isn’t this a good thing?

宾：当然，繁荣与发展对你们来说是很重要的，对我们也是很重要（你们认为发展很重要，我也这么看）。问题是当一个国家发展的时候，人民的生活水平也随之提高，甚至可能提高很快。他们需要让别人看到这种变化的事实。你们似乎忽略了，对以前的事物需要加以保护，不止是保护那些庙宇或者宫殿，而且应该保护人们居住的房屋，保护老城区的原貌。文化遗产一旦遭到破坏，你们是无法挽回这种损失的。

主：You are quite right. People nowadays are starting to realize the importance of the preservation of heritage. Some local governments are making great effort to deal with the contradiction between development and preservation. Well, because of the limitation of the time, I’m afraid we have to stop now. Thank you ever so much for your coming to discuss this topic with us. We hope you’ll come again.

Lesson 6

6.4. 国际烟草控制公约

女士们，先生们：

首先，我要告诉大家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚生效。这个公约就是《烟草控制框架公约》，它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个（具有法律效力的）国际公共卫生条约。

已经有160多个国家在公约上签字，签约国必须在各自国家批准该公约。迄今为止，已有近60个国家批准了该公约，** 然而只需40个国家批准即可生效。该公约在2005年2月27日生效。

各缔约国必须提高香烟和其他烟草制品的价格和税费，必须打击烟草制品的非法交易，必须采取措施减少公共场所被动吸烟等。

公约还禁止烟草广告以及烟草商进行其他营销活动，但是这样的限制不能违背相关国家的宪法规定。

公约号召烟草公司公布用以制造香烟的所有材料，此外，健康警告所包含的信息不能使公众误以为某些香烟的危害程度比其他香烟低。专家告诉我们，所有香烟都是不安全的。

缔约国还必须支持开展帮助人民戒烟的活动，应该开展告诫人们不要吸烟的教育活动。

世界卫生组织的研究表明，全球目前有烟民约10亿人，其中超过80%的烟民生活在发展中国家。经常吸烟的人有一半死于吸烟，每年世界上有近500万人因吸烟而死亡，专家指出，按照目前的增长速度，到2020年，这个数字将达到1，000万。

吸烟导致并增加患上各种疾病的危险，这些疾病包括癌症和心脏病。吸烟的孕妇可能伤害胎儿。最近研究提供了更多事实，证明孩子从小就吸入烟雾，长大后得肺癌的危险性增大。

《烟草控制框架公约》广受世界人民的欢迎，但是还需要制定补充性协议来增强其效力。

比如，发展中国家贯彻公约需要资金的支持。对于那些没有贯彻执行的国家还没有处罚的条例，不过他们的表现记录将在联合国大会接受检查。

我的话完了，谢谢大家！

6.5 艾滋病的防治

A：王先生，早上好！非常感谢您抽时间接受我们的采访。请您介绍一下中国目前艾滋病传播情况。

B：Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has become a very serious problem related to social development. There’ve been cases of people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS, through accepting contaminated blood from hospitals, babies acquiring the disease from their mothers, having improper sexual relationships. From the time we discovered the first AIDS patient in 1985, our country has entered a period of rapid increase in AIDS infections. Experts estimate that more than 900,000 people had been infected with HIV by the end of last year. If we don’t take some efficient measures, this number will double by 2010.

A: 您认为增长这么快的主要原因在哪里？

B：First, because of poverty, people lack education and information about the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Second, ignorance. People do not pay much attention to this problem. Third, they lack proper resources, things like training, money and information. According to reports, we do not yet have an efficient medicine to cure HIV/AIDS.

A: 政府已经采取了哪些具体的措施来控制艾滋病在中国的蔓延呢？有什么国际合作吗？

B：We have already got very strong support from the international community, especially on the technical side. And on the domestic front, we’ve recognized that making our people understand and raising their awareness is very important. So, common sense, health education and behavioral changes are the only way for people to avoid HIV infection.

A: 贵国政府在发布警报以及增强公众对艾滋病传播危险性的认识方面一直都在怎么做？特别是在农村地区？您认为要解决这个问题还应该进一步做些什么？

B: Firstly, I think the government should improve our monitoring system, and secondly, NGOs should try their best to mobilize all the resources we can use to help the people, especially people at the grass roots and the rural areas, to let them know the terrible results of the spreading of the disease and how to prevent HIV/AIDS. I think we should do more advocacy work among the people.

A: 非常感谢您回答我们这么多问题。预祝你们在与艾滋病的斗争中取得成功。

B：Thank you.

Lesson 8

8．3 温家宝总理谈中国政治体制改革（《华盛顿邮报》采访）

A：中国的经济改革发展迅速，使得中国在短期内取得高速增长。中国是否需要加快政治改革以跟上经济改革的步伐？

B：China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs.

At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, and greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly,we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strengthen supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure.

China is a big country with 1.3 billion people. So, political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief. Freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites.

Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there’s the Wangfujing Catholic Church. To the south, there’s the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there’s the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Sishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith.

A：今后中国在政治改革方面还会有什么步骤？比如说现在的直接选举，是否会从基层推进到乡镇？

B: At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships,counties and urban cities without districts.Indirect elections are held for the leadership of the provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a big population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions. So conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The fist hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population.

8．4《华盛顿邮报》总编谈中国

有人说，《华盛顿邮报》经常把中国描绘成一个“共产主义的专制国家”，那里的人民“没有民主，没有自由”。他们问为什么《华盛顿邮报》对这些负面的字眼如此感兴趣？对此，我不能赞同。首先，包括《华盛顿邮报》和《纽约时报》在内，几乎所有的美国大报今天都不再将中国称为“专制国家”。《华盛顿邮报》已经有很长时间不再使用这类词汇了。今天，我们依然称中国为“共产党国家”，那是因为这是一个事实，中国确实是由共产党所统治的。

今天，《华盛顿邮报》正在努力尝试去理解中国的复杂性。去年本报就发表了好几篇有关中

国市民社会的长篇报道。这些报道主题多样，内容涉及到网络、工人、政府与个体的冲突等等。这些报道全面反映了中国的复杂性。

中国是一个大国，每天都在发生很多不同的事情，这些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如，中国的经济成就在短时间内让成千上万的老百姓脱离贫困，这是人类历史上任何其他国家都望尘莫及的。但同时中国也面临许多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待，看中国领导人如何解决这些矛盾。

我们都应该向中国学习。中国对我们未来生活的影响将会越来越大。在过去的50年中，美国发生的一切影响到了全世界众多地方。今天，中国的作用与美国有异曲同工之妙。作为正在崛起的经济大国，中国将对世界——包括美国——发挥却来越大的影响力，尤其是在经济领域。中国人民将很快接受这样一个事实，那就是中国发生的事情将对世界产生巨大的影响。

我到过中国三次。第一次是在1999年。第二次是2001年3月，期间我有幸采访了中国国家主席江泽民。第三次是2003年11月，期间我又采访了中国国务院总理温家宝。中国有令人难以置信的活力，中国文化也是如此丰富多彩。每次到中国，我都感觉自己看到了世界的未来。中国是个极富魅力的国家。每次到中国，我都看到学到了一些新东西。中国的景色无与伦比，发展潜力巨大。我认为，中国如何应对今后的挑战将决定这个星球的未来。

我认为自己没有资格来评价中国的领导人。每次采访中国领导人的时候，我都深切感到他们准备充分、专注投入、知识渊博，对中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色中满了自信。**【中国如此庞大，有这么多的问题需要对付，人民贫富差距如此之大，世界上恐怕再也找不出比管理中国更复杂的工作了。】这比当美国总统难得多，尽管两者有诸多不同之处。

8.5 与中国的理智关系——霍华德欢迎胡锦涛访问澳大利亚联邦议会

尊敬的众议长先生、参议长先生：

我代表澳大利亚政府及各位议员，热烈欢迎中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛来到澳大利亚联邦议会，同时也欢迎胡夫人以及中方的所有成员。

毫不夸张地说，若是在10年前，这样的访问活动是非常不可能发生的。同样，要是在10年前，我也无法想象作为澳大利亚的总理，我能有机会在北京对中国共产党中央党校的官员做演讲。而在2002年，我作为西方中右派政党的领袖，我确实这样做了。

我认为，这说明了几个问题。这说明世界已经发生了一些变化。这说明澳中关系具有理智的特征，因为2002年我的访问和今天胡主席的来访并没有以两国牺牲各自独特的传统为条件。我认为澳中关系是成熟而务实的，是以日趋紧密的人员往来为基础的。两国处于不同的社会，拥有不同的文化、传统和历史，完全没有必要回避这一事实。可以说，澳大利亚两大政治派别的历届政府一直努力在两国关系中体现这一事实，这对双方都有巨大而长远的好处。

因此，从这几点来说，澳中关系是非常成熟和务实的关系。人员往来是极其重要的，我可以这样说，如今在澳大利亚最普遍的外语是汉语的一种方言。3%的澳洲人口，也就是超过55万人，具有中国血统。就我个人而言，在我所代表的碧尼龙选区，13.3%的选民具有中国血统。澳大利亚的中国留学生达到了34，000人。

……

胡主席、胡夫人，非常欢迎你们的来访。感谢你们的到来，祝你们身体健康。相信你们会受到澳大利亚人民的热烈欢迎，他们会以行动展示出他们对两国关系的重视。

Lesson 9

9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China

It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy. However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy. People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows one couple to have only one child. Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children. Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance.

I will now clarify these misunderstandings.

As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy. Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.

First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas. For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas. In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have. We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.

Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment. The sex ration at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born. This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.

The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy. I would like to cite two interesting examples. My first example is the Republic of Korea. In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117.

I believe there was no family planning policy in the ROK. My second example is Singapore, whose sex ration at birth in 1984 was 109. Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two main reasons. The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology,that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth. Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security system in rural areas.

The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Projec t to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth. This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights.Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas.

Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas called as reverse selection of population quality.

I have two points to make in this regard. The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there. The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas. If a stringent One Child Policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families. Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.

9.5 联合国驻华协调代表谈中国的家庭与人口

家庭问题是十分复杂的，与经济、社会和文化等各方面的发展息息相关。世界各地有充分证据表明，老龄化、人口迁徙和艾滋病等引起的家庭结构及规模的变化，将在经济、社会和文化上对家庭产生负面影响，除非我们仔细研究、认真对待这些问题。

中国的情况也不例外。中国是世界上人口最多的国家，自20世纪50年代起，中国经历了一个人口快速增长的时期，现有的13亿人口以每年700万人的速度在增长。中国政府一直将关系到每个社会成员衣食住行等家庭问题作为首要问题来对待。中国家庭一般三代同堂，近年来有所变化。

中国致力于改革已经20多年，拥有强大的体制和勤劳的人民，这些使中国取得了前所未有的成就，使四五亿人口成功摆脱贫困，使中国成为世界上最大的贸易国之一，并完成了大部分联合国千年发展目标，其中有些目标比预期的2015年提前了整整11年。然而，正如去年3月发布的中国千年发展目标进度报告所指出，一些老问题依然存在，而快速发展又产生了一些新得问题。东部和西部之间、农村和城市之间、男性与女性之间的发展日益不平衡，是急需尽快解决的紧迫问题。同时，经济与社会、人类与自然的发展的矛盾也日渐突出。家庭，尤其是贫困家庭，面临艾滋病的威胁，缺乏机会，无法享受各种资源和服务，生存环境日益恶化。中国政府正努力通过自己的千年发展目标来应对这些挑战，也就是力争到2020年实现全面小康社会。

中国国家人口与计划生育委员会以及其他各级政府部门担负着保证家庭问题与国家整体发展进程紧密联系的挑战和责任。帮助完成这一使命符合我们的共同利益。

Lesson 11

11.3 倾销与反倾销

如一公司以低于其国内市场正常水平的价格出口产品，则被视为“倾销”。这是不公平竞争吗？意见各不相同。但许多国家政府针对倾销采取措施，以保护其国内产品。《WTO协议》对此未作判断，而将重点放在了各国政府能够或者不能够对倾销做出反应上，为反倾销措施制定规则。这一协议通常被称为《反倾销协议》。//

典型的反倾销方法是对来自特定的出口国的特定产品征收额外进口关税，以便使其价格接近“正常价值”，或消除对进口国国内产业造成的损害。

一般来说，美国、欧盟、澳大利亚和加拿大一直是反倾销措施的主要采取国。在WTO的档案中，记录了这四个国家采取反倾销措施的案例占全部案例的45%。//

为什么发展中国家容易成为反倾销的对象呢？

首先是，出口型经济容易导致贸易纠纷。因为积极参与出口是凡占国内经济的捷径，许多发展中国家实行了出口型的政策。结果，他们的经济比发达国家更依赖外贸，这样，在发展中国家和发达国家间出现许多摩擦就没有什么奇怪了。//

其次，从发展中国家出口的产品价格十分低廉。因为他们的劳力比起发达国家便宜许多，生产成本低是显而易见的。况且，发展中国家的产品通常设计比较不精美、不完善、这也会影响到价格。相比之下，在发达国家的劳动密集型工业都是暮年产业，比起知识型产业他们很没有竞争力。他们的产品价格在他们国内高得出奇，这个因素很容易引起国内产业和管理部门的注意。//

11.4 ABC of the WTO

A: With the development of globalization, international economic organizations are playing a more important role. What are the major economic organizations in the world nowadays? Could you please tell me briefly about them, not only about their common characteristics in international trade practice, but also their particular features? B: 三个主要的国际经济组织是世界银行、国际货币基金组织和世界贸易组织。世界贸易组织是于1995年从关贸总协定发展而来的，它是一个在贸易规则基础上进行贸易谈判的论坛，也是一个解决国家之间贸易争端的世界性组织，其核心作用是处理成员国之间的贸易关系。

相比之下，世界银行和国际货币基金组织是单独与其成员国打交道。他们对工业化国家影响很小，但是对发展中国家出现经济危机时，或者这些国家在寻找更多的外汇资源时却有较大的影

响。

A: The WTO has replaced the GATT and is much more than the GATT.Could people say in another way that the WTO is the multilateral trading system?

B: 从某种意义上可以这么说。在多边贸易体制下，成员国之间采取多边谈判的方式使国际贸易规范化以及解决贸易争端。通过这种方法，世界贸易就会顺利运行，世界资源就会被有效利用。50几年来，GATT和WTO在发展国际贸易方面起到了重要作用。就像你刚才所说的，WTO比GATT 覆盖的范围更广了、内容更丰富了。所以，多边贸易体制正在持续发展。

A: The WTO is a very busy and influential organization. Do all member governments have to obey the rules set by the TWO?

B: 不是这样。WTO是以贸易规则为基础的成员国制组织。也就是说，所有的决定都是由成员国政府制定的，所有的规则都是在成员国之间谈判的成果。换句话说，WTO的所有决定都是通过协商而制定的，是民主可靠的。

A: The economy in developed countries is more powerful than that in developing countries, and much more powerful than that in underdeveloped countries. As an international economic organization, is the WTO’s decision-making under the control of the developed countries?

B: 总而言之，这是不可能的。所有的成员国都有同等的投票权，而且发展中国家的数量比发达国家多。但是，WTO是个国际组织，而发展中国家在经济实力方面似乎弱一些，这就意味着在全球化方面他们不能起到主导作用。但不论怎么说，发达国家不可能通过他们的经济实力来控制WTO。WTO是一个以规则为基础的组织，而这些规则不是由某些国家或集团制定的，所有的决定都是取决于多数人的意见。

A: Can a WTO body directly impact on or change a government’s policies? Does the WTO control the governments of member states?

B: 只有一种情况WTO会对政府的政策产生直接的影响，那就是当一个争端提交给WTO ，而且需要通过争端解决机构进行裁决的时候。一般情况下，争端解决机构是通过专家组成的决定或者是上诉报告进行裁决的。

即使是这样，裁决的幅度也是很小的。它通常是一个简单的判断或者是说明，指出该国政府是否已经违反了WTO的协议，是否该国政府已经违背了她必须遵守的诺言。除此之外，WTO没有要求政府采用或改变特定的政策。

A: Trade is the most important matter that the WTO is concerned with. So some people think that the WTO is willing to do anything to promote free trade. What is your opinion on this?

B: 这是对世界贸易组织许多误解之一。WTO体制的原则之一就是各国应该降低贸易壁垒，让贸易更加自由。毕竟，各国从降低贸易壁垒中扩大了贸易并从中获利。但是，成员国之间讨价还价最多的是究竟要降低到什么程度。他们谈判的立场取决于他们情愿降到什么程度，以及他们能从其他成员国获得多少回报。一个国家的承诺变成了另一个国家的权利，反之亦然。

A: “Fair competition”is one of the basic principles of the WTO. International trade should be fair in competition. How does the WTO ensure that this principle is obeyed? B: WTO 已经草拟一系列规则。这些规则详细说明了什么是“公平”什么是“不公平”，以及政府应该对“不公平”做出什么反应。如果违背WTO的规则，受害方可以采取反倾销或者“补偿措施”进行补救。

我想要指出的是 WTO不是个自由贸易组织，而应该是一个多贸易组织。作为多边贸易组织，它允许关税和其他形式的保护形式的存在。然而，WTO的目标是消除贸易壁垒，鼓励公平、正当和自由的竞争。

11.5 Speech by President Hu Jintao at the opening ceremony of the 2005 FORTUNE Global

Forum in Beijing

Distinguished Mr. Richard D. Parsons,

Honored guests,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Good evening! I am very delighted to be with you here to join in the opening ceremony of the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing on this beautiful evening.To begin with, I’d like, on behalf of the Chinese government, and also in my own person, to express my sincere welcome to all of you, and congratulations to the forum sponsor, Time Warner Inc.//

….

Since the implementation of the reform and opening-up program pioneered by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation never seen in the country before. In a short span of 26 years from 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP increased from 147.3 billion US dollars to 1.6494 trillion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 9.4 percent. Its foreign trade rose from 20.6 billion US dollars to 1.1548 trillion US dollars, averaging an annual growth rate of over 16 percent.// China’s foreign exchange reserve increased from 167 million US dollars to 609.9 billion US dollars. The number of poor rural people has dwindled from some 250 million to 26 million. The overall national strength of China has increased remarkably and the texture of life of its people improved steadily. // While inheriting and carrying forward their proud past, the 1.3 billion Chinese people are writing a new chapter in history as they march with one mind on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We in China have identified the goal for the first 20 years of this century. That is to firmly seize the strategic opportunities to build a moderately prosperous society of higher standards in an all-round way for the benefit of our over one billion people. By 2020,we will quadruple China’s GDP of 2000 to approximately 4 trillion US dollars with a per capital level of some 3,000 US dollars, and further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.…

Ladies and Gentlemen,

China and the rest of Asia and the world at large are closely related when it comes to development. A developing China will, as always, generate cooperation opportunities with win-win results for other countries in Asia and the world over. By the end of 2004, China had attracted a total of 562.1 billion US dollars in FDI, approved the establishment in China of more than 500,000 foreign-funded enterprises and created a huge import market of some 560 billion US dollars annually.//

At present, most countries and regions have enterprises with investments in China, and over 400 firms out of the FORTUNE 500have invested in China. The number of R&D centers set up by foreign investors in China has exceeded 700. As China becomes more developed, its cooperation with other countries and their corporations of various types is bound to increase in scale. //

China will keep opening up its market, find new ways of using foreign capital,improve laws and regulations for encouraging and protecting foreign investors, revamp foreign economic management, step up protection of intellectual property rights, and work still harder to help foreign investors and create an even better environment for trade an

economic cooperation between China and the rest of the world.…

Facts have proved that such cooperation serves our mutual interests. We look forward to continued expansion of your investment in China and your still closer economic and technological cooperation with Chinese enterprises. I believe that you will give greater scope to the advantages of your companies and your rich managerial expertise and play a critical role in facilitating international economics and technological cooperation and promoting economic development regionally and globally. Let us join hands and work together to contribute a greater share to world peace and common development.

May I conclude by wishing the 2005 FORTUNE Global Forum in Beijing a complete success.

Thank you! //

Lesson 14

14.3 Speech at the Forum on Revitalizing the Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China

Ladies and gentlemen,

Good morning. “The Forum on Revitalizing the Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China”, co-hosted by the State Council’s Office of the Leading Group for Revitalizing Northeast China and Other Old Industrial Bases, the Ministry of Commerce, the Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provincial governments and the organizing committee of the CIFIT, is being held in Xiamen as scheduled.

This CIFIT features a series of activities for revitalizing the old industrial bases in Northeast China. First, on behalf of the Ministry of Commerce, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Director Zhang Guobao, and the leaders of the three northeastern provinces in China. My thanks also go to the Organization of Economic and Cooperative Development, the International Financial Corporation and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency for their support. Also, I would like to extend my warm welcome to all the delegates.

Supporting those old industrial bases to accelerate adjustment and reconstruction is a major strategic decision made by the CPC central committee. Speeding up the process is not only the urgent demand of northeast China for its own reform and development but also an important strategy to realize the harmonious development of China’s economy and society. The success of the strategy is the key to the sustainable development of China’s economy.

The old industrial bases in northeast China boast a batch of enterprises in strategic industrie s such as energy, raw material and equipment-manufacturing, and they once made great contributions to the nation’s economic construction. However, with the deepening of China’s economic restructuring, the problems faced by those old industrial bases have become more and more prominent, such as the lower level of marketization and opening-up to the outside world, the unitary structure of the ownership economy, tardiness in the adjustment of the industrial structure, aging of the equipment and technology and the immense pressure on social security and employment.All these require us to do some brainstorming and come up with effective measures.

The plan to revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China is a comprehensive system and the policies for adjustment cover all aspects. Nevertheless, opening more widely to the outside world, absorbing overseas investments, bringing in capital, technology and managerial expertise, and promoting the development of the old industrial bases and the reform and restructuring of sate-owned enterprises are the major measures to revitalize northeast China and other old industrial bases.

The biggest selling-point for northeast China is the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises. By cooperating with large or medium-sized state-owned enterprises, their former competitors, foreign-invested enterprises can shorten the amount of time needed to gain access to the Chinese market. They can attract a number of technically and managerially talented people who worked in the state-owned enterprises, as well as the market, the resources of their partners and support from the government. What’s more important, they can convert their competitors into partners and become more competitive.

As for the foreign-funded enterprises, it’s necessary for them to stick to the principle of “contacting, cooperating and developing” if they want to turn these measures into substantial yields. They should express sincerity for cooperation in the contract, achieve complementary advantages in the cooperation and remove the risks in investment through development. Only when they attain full contact, in-depth communication and understanding, and sincere cooperation can they realize mutual development. To develop is the best means for us to diminish the risks and realize a win-win situation.

To carry out the development strategies made by the CPC central committee and the State Council to revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, the Ministry of Commerce and the three northeastern provinces in China have put forward some tentative policies after carrying out much investigation and research. At present, the Ministry of Commerce is working out some specific measures in collaboration with relevant departments and the three provincial governments in northeast China. It’s believed that these measures will facilitate the economic development of northeast China.

In conclusion, I wish the forum complete success.

14.4 西部经贸洽谈会开幕式致辞

尊敬的张省长、尊敬的各位来宾、女士们、先生们：

我很高兴今天上午来这里参加中国西部经贸洽谈会的开幕式。我要感谢四川省人民政府盛情邀请我参加这次重要会议。来自北京市政府和12个省政府的领导人将再次汇集并讨论中西部发展战略。

这次洽谈会体现了中国政府和人民对发展西部地区的郑重承诺。***在支持政府提出的西部发展目标方面，不仅国有经济部门表现出巨大的热情和决心，私有经济部门也体现了日益增长的兴趣，这给我留下了深刻的印象。

虽然对外开放十分重要，但是中国的未来更主要取决于国内市场的增长。从长远来看，政

府加快西部省份发展所做的努力对于中国取得可持续发展是至关重要的。***西部省份发展速度的落后程度将会制约整个经济的增长。西部省份贫困率较高，其发展能带来就业机会，有助于减少贫困和普遍存在的不平等问题。

***世界银行集团的使命在于优先解决由增长、贫困、不平等带来的一系列问题。过去20几年里，我们提供了80亿美元，资助中国西部省份的100个项目。世界银行集团的私有经济部门——国际金融公司（IFC）一向积极支持西部地区的私有经济投资。IFC已经在中国40个项目中投资了10亿美元以上，这些投资中近20%在中国西部。

这些投资活动在支持国内私有经济（增长）和促进外商直接投资方面起到了重要作用。世界银行和IFC将继续支持政府和私有部门加快西部发展。令人鼓舞的是，各种变革因素正汇聚起来促进私有经济的发展，使之成为推动中国落后地区发展的新引擎。

我此次访华的目的是对中国最近的经济发展进行评估，并与政府高层领导人探讨世界银行集团在中国加入WTO后对中国的援助战略。两天前我先去了西部省份云南，今天我来到了四川。我亲眼目睹了世界银行集团支持政府和私有经济部门发展西部的诸多事例。当然也有一些巨大的挑战不容忽视，包括继续努力创造和改善商务环境，在维持社会公平和环境可持续发展的前提下获得发展。但是我相信我们能应对这些挑战。

最后，我要感谢四川省政府对世界银行和IFC的支持。我们期待着与各位合作，共同促进中国西部的发展和该地区人民生活的改善。

14.5 “中国西部人力资源开发国际研讨会”开幕词

主席先生、尊敬的来宾、女士们、先生们：

我很高兴在此次中国西部人力资源开发国际研讨会上发言。

几天前，北京奥申委的精彩陈述给我们留下了深刻的印象。整个世界在电视中看到的中国由现代办公楼、商业街、衣着时尚人士及经济成果的神话构成。此次会议所在的这座豪华大酒店就是中国形象的一个典型例子。但是，我们当中那些已经走遍了中国很多地区的人知道，这并不是中国的完整写照。

人们可以列举很多方面来突出沿海地区与内容地区的差异。例如，90年代东部沿海地区的经济增长率比内陆地区高出30个百分点；内陆省份的人均GDP还不足沿海地区的一半；82%的外资企业落址于东部沿海地区；位于内陆地区的外资企业只占6%的外贸额。

区域发展不平衡的局面促使我们加快开发内陆省份的步伐。中国政府的西部开发战略将加速西部地区的发展，进一步深化改革开放。亚洲开发银行欢迎并且支持这一战略决策。

现在我想花几分钟时间介绍亚洲开发银行目前在促进西部开发方面的举措。亚洲开发银行对中国的运营战略旨在推动可持续的、扶贫型的经济发展，以消除贫困、提高生产力和人民的生活水平。

自1986年开始运作以来，亚洲开发银行累计给中国贷款100亿美元。中国也很好地运用了这些贷款。各种项目如期或者提前上马，并基本实现预定目标。

亚洲开发银行的工作中心在地理位置上发生了重大的转变。1986年至1995年间，我们的贷款约有三分之二是用于支持东部沿海项目，只有三分之一用于内陆省份的项目。中国政府和亚洲开发银行都制定了目标，要加快这些较为贫困的内陆省份的发展。

良好的人力资源有助于更好地管理投资和吸引更多投资商来到西部。因此，人力资源开发已经成为实施“到西部去”政策的重中之重。内陆地区的廉价劳动力资源十分丰富。然而，高端人才和管理人员却匮乏。

西部地区面临许多挑战。亚洲开发银行的体会是内陆省份的制度和人力资源都比沿海弱。这个问题不解决，将阻碍该地区的社会和经济发展。亚洲开发银行已经承诺将70%的援助力量用于内陆省份，因为这里的经济发展缓慢，贫困现象比比皆是。但是加快西部开发能否成功取决于它吸收能力的大小。这也需要通过制度和人力资源开发来加强。

亚洲开发银行正与国务院西部开发办公室共同着手于一个技术扶持项目，以加快西部地区的人力资源开发。其工作重心是发展规划及项目财政管理领域的能力建设和人力资源开发。

亚洲开发银行将与西部开发办公室及亚洲开发银行机构共同发展此项目。主要的投入包括提供咨询服务、举办一次国际会议、开展国内研讨会和培训活动。

主席先生，女士们，先生们，最后我想重申的是，亚洲开发银行将有力地支持中政府加速开发西部地区的战略决策。

我祝愿各位在此次重要的研讨会上的讨论取得成果。谢谢。

20.4加强中欧在经贸和金融领域的合作

China is committed to developing dynamic, long-term and stable economic cooperation and trade with the EU and expects the latter to become China's largest trading and investment partner.

-- Give play to the mechanism of the economic and trade joint committee and step up economic and trade regulatory policy dialogue; give attention to updating the Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement Between China and the European Union at an appropriate time; properly address irrational restrictions and technical barriers, ease restrictions on high-tech exports and tap the enormous potential of technological cooperation and trade in line with the WTO rules; grant China a full market economy status at an early date, reduce and abolish anti-dumping and other discriminatory policies and practices against China, and apply the Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism (TPSSM) prudently; and compensate the Chinese side for its economic and trade losses which may arise due to the EU enlargement.

-- Boost China-EU coordination and cooperation in the new round of WTO negotiations and work together for the success of the negotiations.

-- Strengthen dialogue on investment, promote the establishment of bilateral investment-promotion institutions, energetically encourage and guide mutual investments between enterprises of the two sides, and expand cooperation between their small- and medium-sized enterprises; develop processing trade, contractual projects

and labour cooperation of various kinds and encourage transnational business operation and internationalised production.

-- China welcomes more EU development aid, especially in such fields as the environmental protection, poverty-alleviation, public health and hygiene and education. China also welcomes a stronger and more active role of the EU in human resources development, in particular, personnel training for China's central and western regions and build-up of China's capacity of participating in multilateral trading regime.

-- Step up cooperation in the area of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine, establish appropriate consultation mechanisms and, subject to the principle of ensuring safety, security, hygiene, health and environmental protection, promptly address and resolve issues which may adversely affect market access of each other's products.

-- Boost the customs cooperation and conclude a China-EU Customs Agreement in due course.

2. Financial Cooperation

China and the EU should launch a high-level financial dialogue mechanism, expand exchanges between their central banks on policies and deepen cooperation in preventing and managing financial crises and combating the financing of terrorism and money laundering. The Chinese side welcomes an expansion of China-related business by banks of the EU countries and hopes to see an appropriate settlement of the issue of Chinese financial institutions' access to the EU market.

The Chinese side will positively examine and consider applications of EU insurance institutions for business operation in China and improve its supervisory and regulatory regime in line with the Chinese insurance laws, regulations and statutes and China's WTO commitments.

Cooperation in securities legislation, market supervision and regulation, and investment operation will be strengthened and more EU securities institutions, fund management institutions and other institutional investors will be encouraged to enter into China's market. Chinese securities institutions will be encouraged to enter into the EU's securities market when conditions are ripe. In the meantime, Chinese enterprises will be strongly supported to raise funds in the EU's securities market.

今天，我很高兴与新老朋友们一起，参加对外经济贸易大学和中国国际贸易学会联合举办的中欧经济论坛，对大使先生和欧洲其他朋友们出席论坛,表示欢迎。

Today, I'm very pleased to be with my new and old friends to attend the Sino-European

Economic Forum jointly hosted by the University of International Business and Economics and the China Association of International Trade. I'd like to extend my welcome to his Excellency Ambassador and other European friends participating in this forum.

在我国对外经贸合作中，与欧洲的经贸关系，具有十分重要的地位。欧洲，特别是西欧国家，已成为我国重要的贸易伙伴以及资金和技术的重要来源，独联体和中东欧国家也正在成为我国开展经济贸易合作的重要伙伴。

China's economic and trade links with Europe hold a prominent position in China's foreign trade and economic cooperation. Europe, especially the west European countries, has been important as China's trading partners and source of capital and technologies. The Commonwealth of Independent States and central and eastern European countries are also becoming our important economic and trading partners.

2003年，是中国正式加入世贸组织的第二年。在这一年里，中国严格按照加入WTO时所作的承诺，降低关税，开放市场，遵守WTO规则，修改相关的法律法规，获得了各方面的好评。中国的对外开放呈现出新局面，对外经济贸易有了新的发展。

In 2003, the 2nd year of its WTO membership, China strictly complied with its commitments, cut tariffs, opened the markets, strictly observed the WTO rules, and modified relevant laws and regulations. These have received compliments from all parties. China's opening-up has taken on a new look and its foreign trade and economic cooperation have taken new steps.

在全球经济开始恢复增长的去年，中欧经贸关系保持了较快速度的发展，呈现出良好的发展势头，这是双方共同努力的结果。

Last year when the global economy started to recover its growth, the economic and trade relations between China and Europe, however, has maintained a relatively fast growth speed and taken on a good momentum of development. This should be attributed to the concerted efforts of both sides.

近年来，中欧政治关系进一步巩固和加强，为双边经贸关系的发展奠定了坚实的基础。中国与欧盟、俄罗斯分别确立了面向二十一世纪的全面伙伴关系和战略协作伙伴关系，并建立了中国欧盟领导人、中俄首脑和中俄总理定期会晤机制。

In recent years, the Sino-European relationship has been further consolidated and reinforced. This has laid a solid foundation for the growth of bilateral economic and trade relations. China has established respectively with the EU and Russia the comprehensive partnership facing the 21st century and the Strategic Cooperation Partnership. Also, China has formed the regular meeting mechanism between Chinese and EU leaders, between the heads of state of China and Russia and between the Chinese premier and Russian Prime Minister.

所周知, 在中国与欧洲的经贸关系中, 欧盟占有重要的地位。2003年中国与欧盟的贸易额占中国与欧洲贸易总额的77%, 目前中国欧盟已互为第三大贸易伙伴。欧盟是中国产品出口的一个传统市场，在我对外贸易中的比重不断上升。与此同时，中国也成为欧盟一个重要出口市场，在其对外贸易中的比重也在上升。在中国加入世贸组织后，随着我投资环境的进一步改善，欧盟企业对华投资信心不断增强。

As is known to all, the EU is holding an important position in terms of China's economic

《口译教程》参考译文-3

Lesson 3 3.3 Steve Forbes on Forbes 我祖父二十世纪初来到美国，他离开苏格兰时身上没有什么钱。连他在内有兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。** 他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些给商业社会带来变革的人。 我祖父常说，做生意不是为了堆积百万财富，而是为了带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司和经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但是焦点一直放在人上面。**对公司而言，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也这样看。 ** 当前世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹么其中，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要哪些可以不必理会。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。 3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company Distinguished guests, dear friends: I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference. Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters. **These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success. Our leading products are various architectural models, including exotic European cathedrals, the

商务英语口译教程Unite1_Unite4课后习题答案

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it’s one of the most important action movies in my life. CNN 记者:为什么你会这样说呢,你演过近30部电影，而《英雄》 是如何与其他影片不同的呢, JL: Usually action films have a formula: a child whose parents have been murdered by the bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad guys. But “Hero” has a much broader theme. CNN 记者:就比如很像《卧虎藏龙》, JL: No, it’s totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very talented director. He uses martial arts to talk about love and girls, you know… But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their hopes through martial arts. CNN 记者:含义的确很深。我们知道您的处女作是1979年拍摄的〈少 林寺〉，那时你还是个十几岁的少年。影片在亚洲引起了轰动，并且 还加拍了两部续集。我想问的是，您是如何从一位武术冠军成为一名 好莱坞的动作明星的, JL: I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts, that is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film. But after a few years, I really want to do something different…

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《口译》课程教学大纲及教学计划 一.课程设置的目的与目标 2000年4月《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》经教育部高教司批准下发执行。新《大纲》规定高等院校英语专业的培养目标为：“具有扎实的英语语言基础和广博的文化知识并能熟练地运用英语在外事、教育、经贸、文化、科技、军事等部门从事翻译、教学、管理、研究等工作的复合型英语人才；其规格为：“扎实的基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、较强的能力和较高的素质”。 口译是一门语言技能与专业知识相结合的课程。本课程以口、笔译理论和其他相关学科理论作指导，通过讲授口译基本技巧以及各种交际环境中语言的正确表达方式、全方位地对学生进行口译技巧和逻辑推理能力训练，并结合课外口译实践，拓宽学生知识面，培养学生跨文化交际能力、口译相关技巧的综合运用能力、认知、推理能力、独立工作能力、解决问题的能力以及相应的心理素质。 二.口译课开设年级及课时安排 第六、第七学期，周学时2。 三.课程教学对象 英语专业大三学生 四.口译课教学要求 为了更好地因材施教，根据我系生源、学生专业方向以及西部地区口译市场现状，我系口译教学大纲在教学要求上分为三个层次。 通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识以及对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练，结合口译实践，使学生掌握口译的基本理论和专题连续传译的技能，初步学会口译记忆方法、口译笔记、口头概述、公众演讲等基本技巧和口译基本策略，培养学生的话语分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、语言组织

能力和双语表达能力，学生能担任一般外事活动的交替传译。注意培养学生 关心时事的信息意识，积累知识，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具 有初步研究能力和实际工作能力，提高各项交际技能综合运用的能力，提高 学生的综合人文素质。 五.口译课教学原则 我系口译教学以国家教委颁布的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中 教学原则为指导原则，结合我系生源、学生专业方向以及西部地区翻译市场 现状，实行立体型、交叉式的口译教学模式。口译教学的重点放在培养学生 的跨文化交际能力、口译相关技巧的综合运用能力、认知、推理能力、独立 工作能力、解决问题的能力以及相应的心理素质。 六.口译课教学方法与教学手段 从“口译基本功”训练、“口译语言技能”训练、“口译对话翻译能力”训练、“口译实战”训练，一直到“口译专业技能训练”，“4+1”翻译班的“层次思维训练法”，以层次递进的方式，系统、有序和全方位地引导学员掌握口译的技能和能力；并通过交传和同传并重、普通班和翻班齐上的套餐形式，将学生从 听说的专业技能顺利地过渡到口译的专业技能的培训上，在一定程度上实现 相关专业与外语专业之间的复合、交融与渗透，使学生从语言的单一性向知 识的多元化、宽厚型方向转化。 七.口译教学参考文献 1、理论部分 1.《口译技巧—思维科学与口译推理教学法》，刘和平，北京：中国对外翻 译公司，2001年。 2.《口译理论与实践》，刘和平，中国对外翻译出版公司，2005年5月。 3.《口译理论概述》，鲍刚，北京：旅游教育出版社，1998。 4.《口译须知》<瑞士> 让·艾赫贝尔著，孙慧双译，北京：外语教学与研 究出版社1982年5月第一版。 5.《口译理论-实践与教学》<法> 达尼卡·塞莱斯科维奇、玛丽亚娜·勒代 雷著，汪家荣等译，北京：旅游教育出版社1990年。

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