2013年7月13日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年7月13日雅思阅读考题回顾

来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-07-22 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了7月13日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。考试日期：2013年7月13日

Reading Passage 1

Title:鱼在水下如何交流（关于red marking的研究）

Question types:True / False / Not Given; Summary Completion; Multiple Choice;

文章内容回顾一个德国科学家在埃及红海潜水想看看15m以下到底有没有红光（理论上是没有任何光线的）。结果在海底20m的地方看见了红色的鱼。即使取下红色滤光片用肉眼也可以看见。在这个深度不可能有光线，所以猜想是激发荧光，但是没有设备验证，只能尽可能多地拍照片。回德国之后证实了确实是激发荧光，50种鱼都有这种荧光，是皮下的细胞里的晶体里发出的，不是晶体本身，可能是晶体里的荧光蛋白，这个蛋白可能是细菌制造的。鱼用这个红光来识别种群，标识位置，吓退敌人，掩盖自己，捕捉猎物。

相关英文原文阅读The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators; deep-sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic region in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being

caught. Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can use bioluminescent light. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many species are dark to blend in with their environment.

Many deep-sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes adapted to the dark. Bioluminescent organisms are capable of producing light biologically through the agitation of molecules of luciferin, which then produce photons of light. This process must be done in the presence of oxygen. These organisms are common in the mesopelagic region and below (200m and below). More than 50% of deep-sea fish as well as some species of shrimp and squid are capable of bioluminescence. About 80% of these organisms have photophores – light producing glandular cells that contain luminous bacteria bordered by dark colorings. Some of these photophores contain lenses, much like those in the eyes of humans, which can intensify or lessen the emanation of light. The ability to produce light only requires 1% of the organism's energy and has many purposes: It is used to search for food and attract prey, like the anglerfish; claim territory through patrol; communicate and find a mate; and distract or temporarily blind predators to escape. Also, in the mesopelagic where some light still penetrates, some organisms camouflage themselves from predators below them by illuminating their bellies to match the color and intensity of light from above so that no shadow is cast. This tactic is known as counter illumination.

The life cycle of deep-sea fish can be exclusively deep water although some species are born in shallower water and sink upon maturation. Regardless of the depth where eggs and larvae reside, they are typically pelagic. This planktonic – drifting –lifestyle requires neutral buoyancy. In order to maintain this,

the eggs and larvae often contain oil droplets in their plasma. When these organisms are in their fully matured state they need other adaptations to maintain their positions in the water column. In general, water’s density causes upthrust – the aspect of buoyancy that makes organisms float. To counteract this, the density of an organism must be greater than that of the surrounding water. Most animal tissues are denser than water, so they must find an equilibrium to make them float. Many organisms develop swim bladders (gas cavities) to stay afloat, but because of the high pressure of their environment, deep-sea fishes usually do not have this organ. Instead they exhibit structures similar to hydrofoils in order to provide hydrodynamic lift. It has also been found that the deeper a fish lives, the more jelly-like its flesh and the more minimal its bone structure. They reduce their tissue density through high fat content, reduction of skeletal weight –accomplished through reductions of size, thickness, and mineral content –and water accumulation makes them slower and less agile than surface fish.

题型难度分析第一篇文章的题型包括是非无判断、归纳摘要填空以及单选题。由于三种题型都是顺序题型，且均是对于文章中信息的定位和细节的同义转换，所以难度适中。

题型技巧分析是非无判断题作为2013年上半年超级主流的题型，不仅要拿下，而且要快速准确地拿下。

注意：可以定位的词：特殊定位词（数字，大写，特殊符号）和名词。一定要带2-3个定位词一起定位，确保快速准确。

考点：

1.数字是否精确和准确，注意数字前的nearly, almost, in excess of, exceed, more than, over

2.比较级，最高级，注意形容词的比较级和最高级，(not) as...as, the

most

3.绝对限定词：all, only, fully, must, every, each, any, widely,

largely等

4.因果关系词，as a result of, due to, lead to, contribute to, as,

since,注意原因和结果，不要弄反了。

剑桥雅思推荐原文剑4 Test 1 Passage 2 What do whales feel?

Reading Passage 2

Title:美国电影的发展

Question types:Paragraph Heading;

Sentence completion with a box; Multiple Choice;

文章内容回顾美国电影的发展史简介

相关英文原文阅读The history of film is an account of the historical development of the medium known variously as cinema, motion pictures, film, or the movies.

The history of film spans over 100 years, from the latter part of the 19th century to the present day. Motion pictures developed gradually from a carnival novelty to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were silent. Motion picture films have substantially affected the arts,technology, and politics.

The cinema was invented during the 1890's, during what is now called the industrial revolution. It was considered a cheaper, simpler way to provide entertainment to the masses. Movies would become the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age. It was simpler because of the fact that before the cinema people would have to travel long distances to see major dioramas or amusement parks. With the advent of the cinema this changed. During the first decade of the cinema's existence, inventors worked to improve the machines for making and showing films. The cinema is a complicated medium, and before it could be invented, several technological requirements had to be met.

题型难度分析Heading题对于很多考生来说是正确率较低且花费时间较多的一种题型，对于基础较弱的考生，可先做配套的细节题型，在大致把握文章结构的基础上完成Heading题；而对于基础较扎实的考生，可逐段阅读文章，选出相应Heading,并同时完成该段落所涉及的细节题型。此篇文章既有细节又有主旨，难度较大。

题型技巧分析标题配对题（List of headings）是雅思阅读中的一种重要题型，要求给段落找小标题。它一般位于文章之前，由两部分组成：一部分是选项，另一部分是段落编号，要求给各个段落找到与它对应的选项，即表达了该段中心思想的选项，有时还会举一个例子。当然，例子中的选项是不会作为答案的。

解题思路：

1.将例子所对应的选项及段落标号划去

2.划出选项中的关键词及概念性名词

3.浏览文章，抓住各段的主题句和核心词（尤其是反复出现的核心词），重点关注段落首句、第二句与末句

4.与段落主题句同义或包含段落核心词的选项为正确答案

剑桥雅思推荐原文剑6 Test 3 Passage 1

Reading Passage 3

Title:科技在现代生活中的弊端

Question types:Sentence Completion with a box; Matching（人名理论）;

True / False / Not Given;

文章内容回顾科技在现代生活中的各种弊端。

题型难度分析三种题型均是考察细节，人名理论配对可用人名为线索在文章中直接定位至相应位置，但比对文章中和题目中的理论通常需要花费较多的时间。完成句子配对也具有较强的顺序性，所以，单纯从题型的角度上评价，难度适中。

题型技巧分析A.人名观点配对一般考察的是某个人的言论(statement)、观点(opinion)、评论(comment)、发现(findings or discoveries)。这样，一般这个题的答案在文中就只有两个答案区：

1.人名边上的引号里面的内容；

2.人名+ think /say /claim /argue /believe /report /find /discover /insist /admit /report... + that从句。

B.人名在文中一般以以下方式出现：

1.全称(full name),如：Brian Waldron

2.名(first name),不常见

3.姓(surname),如：Professor Smith

4. He/she（在同一段话中，该人再次出现时，用指示代词替代）

因此，建议考生去文中找人名时，应该将上述四种情况均考虑进去。再

者，应该谨记在心的是：如果一个人名在一段话中出现N次，也只能算

一次。如果一个人名在N段话中出现，就算N次。

C.该题的答案遍布于全文，因此应该从文章的开头往后依次寻找人名。

D.该题看上去是全篇文章的考察，其实考察的就是这些人所说的几句

话，故应先从文中找人名，再去找答案。

剑桥雅思推荐原文剑5 Test 3 Passage 3 The return of Artificial Intelligence

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

本次考试四大题型一个不落集体出现，单选和完成句子选择作为非主流题型在2篇文章中都有所涉及，选择、判断、配对的数量以绝对的优势压倒了填空题，所以本次考试的难度系数较大。同时，未来几个月选择题的数量将大大增加。之所以考生觉得选择题正确率低，是因为很多学生在正确定位之后，对文章的原句进行过度推断，而没有进行字面意义上的同义改写，除此之外，选择题的选项很多，学生在时间紧张的情况下，往往浏览题干时没有仔细研究，导致选错答案。

应对策略：考生要特别注意对每一种题型的复习，切不可因侥幸心理忽视了某种题型技巧的复习，因为很有可能忽略的题型成为考试中的主导题型。

由于配对题对考生的词汇和句型理解要求相当高，所以每位考生在上考场之前一定要把自己的英语基本功打牢，达到雅思所要求的词汇量和语法要求。毕竟雅思考试是考查真实的语言能力。基础薄弱的同学一定要开始认真打基础，稳扎稳打，反复操练，逐渐积累，切不可迷信所谓“技巧”，因为任何应试技巧都是建立在英语基础之上的，没有扎实的英语功底，任何技巧都是空谈。基础较好而考分要求较高的同学也不可骄傲自大，应耐心地将自己做错的题目仔细和原文进行比对、分析，时间允许的话应当将文章进行仔细的阅读。

雅思阅读TFNG模拟试题(4)

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2015年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析三

Time to cool it 1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology： solid， reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century， but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it， and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and， as air conditioners， cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world， however， demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them. 2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change： attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by， for example， a person， and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists， however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down. 3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko， of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film， he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. 4 As to what those applications might be， Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has， nevertheless， set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money， though， may be in cooling computers. 5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law， which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months， is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact， it more than doubles， because besides increasing in number，the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor， so the faster the processor is， the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company，Intel， in 1993， ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second. 6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃， they

2014年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（6）

1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. 2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. 3. Corot， short for convection rotation and planetary transits， is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface， and quite possibly life， although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find "any little green men". 4. Developed by the French space agency， CNES， and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA)， Austria， Belgium， Germany， Brazil and Spain， Corot will monitor around 120，000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years， it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky， measuring the brightness of about 10，000 stars every 512 seconds. 5. "At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets， not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men，" Professor Ian Roxburgh， an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception， told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme. 6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find "rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and， if they are the right distance from their parent star，they could have water". 7. To search for planets， the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star， known as a "transit". Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water， Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)

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Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief，continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter. B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia)， but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade， briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag，’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in ， though the recovery may be ebbing by then. C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years， European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty： the Maastricht treaty in 1992， the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997， the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution， laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted，not immobilised， by this setback. D. In the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome， its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously， restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself， and in normal circumstances， the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless， a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto

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ACADEMIC READING 60 minutes READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year. But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike. The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States' power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPR!. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up. Bad behaviour But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around $1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,' says Bernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn't supposed to go.' And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? 'What goes up must come down,' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University of New Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory. The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing. their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If a laser could generate a line of ionization in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from

雅思阅读SUMMARY题型解答

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雅思阅读模拟试题精选

雅思阅读模拟试题精选 1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike —vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA. 2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. 3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the

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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析（4）

Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry’s greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs， the boss of Apple，on his firm’s website under the unassuming title “Thoughts on Music” has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music，which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is “digital rights management” (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM， it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple’s DRM system， called FairPlay， is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished. B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has “locked in” customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)， any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm， such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals， the company warned of “state-sponsored piracy”. Only DRM， it implied， could keep the pirates at bay. C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM： the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others， says Mr Jobs， because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry， says Mr Jobs； without it there would be far more stores and players， and far more innovation. So， he suggests， why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected？“This is