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历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)

TOEFL词汇题精选440题

001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at

all of the great of ordinary women.

The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) typical

(B) satisfied

(D) distinctive

002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.

The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) valued

(B) universal

(D) preserved

003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.

The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) surpassed

(B) inclined

(D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) records

(B) speeds

(D) periods

005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.

The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) pushing

(B) releasing

(D) draining

006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) drop

(B) extend

(D) drift

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007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) necessary

(B) typical

(D) particular

008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide

the group.

The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) avoid repeating

(B) talk about

(D) find a solution for

009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed

that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.

The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) predicted

(B) announced

(D) observed

010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.

The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) buried beneath

(B) twisted together

(D) easily dated

011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often

have been concealed by leaves and dust. The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) highlighted

(B) covered

(D) contaminated

012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land

area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.

The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) unrecognizable

(B) unreachable

(D) unsafe

013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill

in very deep waters, extracting samples

of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) breaking

(B) locating

(D) analyzing

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014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.

The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) basis

(B) purpose

(D) endurance

015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.

The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) new

(B) extra

(D) surprising

016. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.

The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) tendency

(B) aim

(D) directive

017. After the peak year of 1957, the

birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) pointed

(B) dismal

(D) maximum

018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.

The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) behind

(B) since

(D) preceding

019. Advocates of organic foods --- a

term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) Proponents

(B) Merchants

(D) Consumers

020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like.

The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) unbelievable

(B) uncontested

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(D) unverified

021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.

The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) improve

(B) monitor

(D) restore

022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.

The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) thoughtful

(B) substantial

(D) ceremonial

023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.

The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) establishment

(B) performance

(D) season

024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.

The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) specialized

(B) confusing

(D) overwhelming

025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy. The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) developing

(B) ruined

(D) fragile

026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.

The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) ignored

(B) showed

(D) distinguished

027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for

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the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.

The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) stretch

(B) branch

(D) rotate

028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were

in the premodern era.

The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) large

(B) basic

(D) urban

029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.

The word "sparked" is closest in meaning

to which of following?

(A) brought about

(B) surrounded

(D) followed

030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential

building sites to the Chicago region in

just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.

The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) certain

(B) popular

(D) possible

031. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.

The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) extensive

(B) surprising

(D) excellent

032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.

The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) example

(B) location

(D) characteristic

033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these

factors do not account for the

interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) record

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(B) describe

(D) explain

034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.

The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to

(A) a suggestion

(B) an improvement

(D) a development

035. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) noticeable

(B) many

(D) unusual

036. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.

The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) most common

(B) most outstanding

(D) most convenient

037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.

The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) sink

(B) decide

(D) locate

038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.

The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) arriving at

(B) carving

(D) climbing

039. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) simple

(B) serious

(D) silent

040. Certain films had music especially

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composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) selected

(B) combined

(D) created

The word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) totals

(B) successes

(D) groups of musicians

041. The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.

The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) adapts to

(B) benefits from

(D) focuses on

042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.

The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) surface

(B) sudden

(D) extreme 043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.

The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) edges

(B) peaks

(D) distances

044. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.

The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) separate

(B) create

(D) hold

045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?

(A) ignorance

(B) recognition

(D) forgiveness

046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that

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【参考借鉴】历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案).doc

优质参考文档 TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclif easreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative at allofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing? (A)tRpical (B)satisfied (C)supportive (D)distinctive 002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1 843- 1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,pr oducingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces, whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehigh lR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing? (A)valued (B)universal (C)uncommon (D)preserved 003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid- 1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanew schoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathad beenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing? (A)surpassed (B)inclined (C)eRpressed (D)applied 004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbeha velikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10t o100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100ti mesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing? (A)records (B)speeds (C)distances (D)periods 005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaci ermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing? (A)pushing (B)releasing (C)strengthening (D)draining 006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouther nSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicew ould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?

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TPO 4 indefinite period whose end has not been determined inhibit prevent, restrict in the same breath immediately do sth opposite rebound marked obvious, considerable; in danger principal trappings extra things TPO5 exhibit show facilitates makes easier suspended stop; hung afford offer overwhelming powerful implement tool undisputed acknowledged significant important relatively comparatively diversification promote encourage TPO6 exploited utilized vastly greatly grow accustomed to become used to retained maintained Cambrian rudimentary basic meticulously carefully endured survived virtually nearly plausible believable phenomenon occurrence critically fundamentally perspective viewpoint retrieval retrieve TPO7 caliber obsession with fixation on foster encourage sphere area diffuse spread profound far-reaching ritual ceremonial flee run away from objective purpose scores large numbers turbulent violent

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历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5) Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived

Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict

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TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious

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TPO4 inhibit=restrict 限制，禁止inthesamebreath=immediately 立即 indefiniteperiod=whoseendhasnotbeendetermined rebound=recovery 复原，重获 amarkeddegree=aconsiderabledegree 很大程度上principal=major 主要的 environmentaltrappings=environmentaldecorations accumulate=buildup 累积adjacent=nearby 临近的sloping=inclining 倾斜的foul=pollute 污染 TPO5 exhibit=show 展示facilitate=makeeasier 促进suspended=hung 悬浮的afford=offer 提供，支付的起overwhelming=powerful 有力的，强大的implement=tool 工具undisputed=acknowledged 认可的，无可争议的significant=important 重要的不定期的装饰 relatively=comparatively 相对地

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