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翻译笔记之八大技巧

翻译笔记之八大技巧
翻译笔记之八大技巧

Eight translation techniques

1.增译法(amplification);

2.重译法(repetition);

3.减译法(omission);

4.词类转移法(conversion);

5.词序调整法(inversion):

6.分译法(division);

7.正说反译,反说正译(negation);

8.语态变换法(the change of the voices)

Group competition

1.I am looking forward to the holidays.

我在等待假日的到来.

2.Much of our morality is customary.

我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。

3.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;感情过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。

4. Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩。

5. As an Oriental,I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement.

作为一个东方人,我不得不为贵国所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。

Amplification 增译法

Three types: Semantic amplification,

Grammatical amplification,

Rhetoric amplification

Semantic amplification

1. The crowds melted away

人群渐渐散开了.

2. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.

我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深感染.

3. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.

他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.

loftiness patriot: 英语习惯运用抽象词汇,而汉语习惯运用具体词汇将“抽象概念变为具体概念”,

类似词汇如:arrogance, indifference, tension,confusion, solution, remedies, jealousy, fault-finding

增补概括性的词

1. The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable, and without echoes.

这个会议室有四大优点:明亮、宽敞、时髦、无回声。

2. The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.

美俄双方已进行了一系列的秘密磋商.

3. Henry Kissinger had slept there before,in July and again in October.

这之前,基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下榻。

增补表示复数概念的词

Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.

直到昨天下午霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。

Consider my auto-repairman,again.He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me.

你再想想我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯,每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。

Grammatical amplification

1. The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”

老人说,“听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。”

2. I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.

以往我从未想过,当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时,我会感到高兴。但这次情况确是如此。

3. A ring road lies on the site of an old city wall which has been moved.

旧的城墙已经拆掉,原来的墙址上修了一条环城马路.

4.According to our record,your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from

us.Unfortunately the business between us.

根据我们的记录,贵公司过去购买我们的化工产品的数量相当可观,可惜近年来业务一度中断了。

5.Man,was,is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.

人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。

was as poor as we are. Had never thought has been moved…采用“语法时间状语或语气助词”添词

增补连词

1. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

2. 跑了和尚跑不了庙。

The monk may run away,but the temple can’t run away with him.

3. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。

So long as green hills remain,there will never be a shortage of fire-wood.

Rhetoric amplification

1. They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited.

事实上,她们都是非常优雅的女士;她们并不是不会谈笑风生,问题是要碰到她们高兴的时候;她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色,问题在于她们是否乐意这样做;可惜的是,她们一味骄傲自大.

2. The fan,with its modern,elegant,bright,and harmoniously colored design,is an excellent

electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days.

本电扇款式新颖,造型雅致,色彩鲜艳,色泽调和。是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。

Question for thought

What is the purpose of using amplification in translation?

A) To make the version natural and fluent

B) To achieve rhetoric effects

C) To adequately render the original meaning

Repetition 重复法

1) The relation between Repetition and Amplification: repetition is one subgroup of amplification .

2) The purposes of repetition in translation:

a) To clarify

b) To emphasize

c) To make the translation vivid

3) The types of repetition

a) To repeat nouns

b) To repeat verbs

c) To repeat pronouns

重复名词

1.1 英语中作宾语的名词

1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧.

2. I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障的情况。

3. They begin to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.

他们开始研究敌情,分析敌情。

1.2 重复英语中作表语的名词

1. He became an oil baron——all by himself.

他成了一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王

2. This has been our position——but not theirs.

这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。

3. John is your friend as much as he is mine

约翰既是你的朋友,又是我的朋友。

1.3 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词

1. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.

医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。

2. The story of Urges is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine.

尤吉丝的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事,是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸人们/穷人

第三章 常用翻译技巧

第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification)3) 省略法(Omission)4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition)6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation)8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。 3.1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。 例1.Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。× 译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。√ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。× 译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. (1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗? (3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下: 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗,而“budgets”却又十分抽象。如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适,读者无法接受。根据上下文语义,结合目前流行的说法,“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。

翻译的八大常用技巧

1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说 8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.

常用翻译技巧.

1)Diction(选词用字) 2)Amplification(增词法) 3)Omission(省略法) 4)Conversion(转换法) 5)Repetition(重复法) 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation(正说反译,反说正译) 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination(分清主从) 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译:办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精,愿买贵的。 √ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈

不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译:无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你倍感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4.New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文:新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统,可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和(威力)强大的加速力。 例6.一幢乡村小学的教学楼,建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a

翻译的八大常用技巧

作用与意义 1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说 8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown. 舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。 Ridges of fields grow few and far between, While far away some cottages are seen. 梯田渐渐稀,村舍遥遥对。 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最将难息。 Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

catti十大翻译技巧

十大翻译技巧 (一) 同义反译法 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译:“永远在此呆下去”) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 等等,他不是说着玩儿的。(不译:”等等,他是认真的。“) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。(不译:”......对这孩子要坚定“) (二) 删减解释词 The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗...... (四) 译词推陈出新 When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。 (五) 解释性添词 "George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet. ”乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“,贝格纳特太太说道。 (六) 词无定译 It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions. 我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不

专八翻译技巧

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、增译主语 由于英文表达习惯,常常用一些抽象名词作为主语,而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为 具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词,中文则不怕重复,一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时,常常加入这些、各种、种种等,要视具体语境情况而定。 The intimacy between them can be seen easily. 他们之间的亲密关系很容易就能看出来。 He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry. 他并没有给出我们满意的答复,这种态度使得我们非常生气。 There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem. 针对这一公共问题,提出了种种解决方案。 二、增译谓语 英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时,常常会省略,以使句子不那么赘余。而中文中则要译出来,使其表达更加地道;英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词;有些英语中的名词在译为中文时要加入相应的动词,使其意义更加完整,表达更加明确。 We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week. 我们这周去厦门,下周去深圳。 Technology of behavior

研究行为的科学技术; impulse for unification 追求统一的冲动。 After the party, he has got a very important speech. 参加完聚会后,他还要发表一个重要讲话。 三、时间状语 1. 时间状语常常可以直接翻译,一般译到主句前。 He came in while I was watching TV. 我在吃饭的时候他进来了。 They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news. 他们听到这个悲惨的消息之后突然大哭起来。 2. 有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外,还会附带条件性,所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。We cann ' t take any action until our project is well-prepared. 只有我们的项目做好充分的准备,我们才能采取行动。 四、原因状语 1. 英语中的状语位置较为灵活,既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后,而中文表达常常遵循“前因后果”的顺序,所以在翻译的时候也要注意调整语序。 We have to choose another day for the hiking, since the weather is very good today. 今天天气不好,所以我们得另选一天去远足了。

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英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语常用十大翻译技巧

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